흰쥐의 중추성 Serotonin 고갈이 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간, 불안 및 수동적 회피 학습에 미치는 효과

박제민,김종백,강철중 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3

흰쥐에서 p-chlorphenylalanine(PCPA)로 인한 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간의 단축이 불안이나 수동적 회피 학습 능력의 변화와 관련된 것인가를 검증하고자 하였다. 흰쥐에게 PCPA 300mg/kg 혹은 생리식염수를 하루 한 번 연속 3회 복강내 주사하였다. 마지막 주사 24시간 후에 공간에서의 활동성(ACT0), 높은 십자 통로 실험에서 개방 통로에 머무는 시간(ANX0), 왕복 회피상자에서 통과 지연 시간(STL0) 등을 측정하고 0.5mA 전기자극을 3초간 주어 회피 반응을 학습시켰다. 그리고 15분간 강제수영시켰다. 다음 날 같은 방법으로 활동성(ACT1), 불안(ANX1), 수동적 회피 반응 학습 정도(STL1), 5분간의 강제수영 중 총 부동 자세 시간 등을 측정하였다. 마지막 약물 혹은 대조액 투여 7일 후 수동적 회피 학습 유지 정도(STL7)를 다시 측정하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 전체 대상군에서 ACT1은 ACT0보다 감소하였다. PCPA는 개방공간에서의 활동성에 영향을 주지 않았다. 2) PCPA 군은 높은 십자 통로 실험에서 ANX0와 ANX1 둘 다 대조군 보다 유의하게 길었다. 3) STL1은 PCPA군과 대조군 모두 STL0 보다 유의하게 지연되었다. PCPA는 STL0 이나 STL1에 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 대조군은 수동적 회피 학습 7일 후에도 통과 지연 시간이 유의하게 연장되어 있는데 반하여 PCPA군은 STL7이 STL0과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간은 PCPA군이 대조군보다 유의하게 짧았다. 이상의 결과에서 PCPA 투여로 인한 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간의 단축은 PCPA가 비특이적 신체 활동을 증가시키거나 수동적 회피 반응 습득을 방해함으로써 일어나는 현상이 아니며, 진정 작용없이 탐색 행동을 증가시키거나, 스트레스 하에서의 행동 억제 현상을 차단함으로써 강제수영 중 부동자세 시간을 단축시킨다고 추론한다. 아울러 PCPA가 기억 고정 과정을 방해할 가능성이 있음을 제안한다. Purpose : The test if p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA) induced decrease of immobility time during forced swimming test in rats is an epiphenomenon related with PCPA-induced changes in anxiety level or learning ability. Methods : 22 male rats(Sprague Dawley, weighting 180-280gm) were randomly assigned to PCPA or control group and treated with 300mg/kg of PCPA or saline i.p. at -72, -48, and -24 hrs. Number of segment(ACT0) entered with 4 limbs on the open field(L100×W100×H40cm, 25 segments), time(ANX0, sec) spent on the open arm(L110×W10cm, 50cm from the ground) in the elevated plus maze, and step-through latency(STL0, cut-off time : 300sec) in the shuttle box(L76.2×W34.3×H50.8cm, 7.5w electric bulb in the light chamber, 0.5mA for 3 sec in the dark chamber) were measured consequently at 24hrs after the last injection of PCPA or saline. After 20min of rest, animals were forced to swim for 15 min(cylinder : φ18×H40cm ; water : H15cm, 25℃). On the next day, the second trial of open field test(ACT1), elevated plus maze test(ANX1), passive avoidance learning test(STL1), and measurement of total immobility time(IT, sec) during the 5min of forced swim were done in the same manner as the first trial except that electrical shock was not given to the animals in the passive avoidance learning test and duration of forced swimming was shortened from 15min to 5min. To evaluate longterm effect of PCPA on maintenance of memory, measurement of step-through latency was repeated 7 days after the first trial(STL7). Result: 1) ACT1 was significantly decreased in the pooled sample, but the effect of PCPA on the general motor activity was not significant. 2) PCPA significantly prolonged the time spent on the open arms in the elevated plus maze test. 3) Comparing to STL0, STL1 was significantly prolonged in both groups. PCPA did not affect STL0 or STL1. STL7 was significantly prolonged in the control group, but not in the PCPA group. 4) PCPA shortened IT significantly. Conclusion : PCPA-induced decrease of immobility time during the forced swimming test in rats seems to be related with disinhibition of stress-related behavioral suppression. PCPA does not affect acquisition and short-term maintenance of passive avoidance learning, but necessity of further studies about its effect on long-term maintenance on memory is raised.

대구증의 수술적 요법

백롱민,박종철,허찬영 大韓成形外科學會 2003 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.30 No.5

土地公槪念實現을 위한 法律에 관한 硏究

許永敏,白種仁,李東燦 전북대학교 법학연구소 1992 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Das Grundstu¨ck, das man nicht produzieren kann und absoluter Bestandteil fu¨r Existenz der Menschen ist, hatte far die letzten 10 Jahre durch die unproduktive Spekulation ernstes Sozialproblem verursacht, weil der aus Grundstu¨ck erzeugte Gewinn viel mehr als die produktive Wirtschaftsta¨tigkeit war. Also benutzte ein Teil der Klasse das als Mittel der Vermbgensvermehrung. Auch das hat sich als die gesundes Produktivbewuβtsein hindernde Elemente gewirkt. Daher hat sich das vo¨lkische Bewuβtesein zum Einkommen aus Kapital-vermo¨gen vergro¨βeert und die Staatswirtschaft beschwert. Inzwischen hat die Regierung viele Gesetze zum Grundstu¨ck gegeben und tata¨chlich guten Erfolg gebracht. Aber die Regierung hat das Problem, d.h. das Einkommen aus Kapitalvermo¨gen mit dem Grundstu¨ck, durch die schon bestehenden Gesetsze gru¨ndlich nicht lo¨sen kbnnen. Daher wurden die starken Gesetze zun Grundstu¨ck gefordert. In dieser Arbeit werden der neu festgesetzte Inhalt der Gesetze und dessen rechtstheoretisches und inkraf tsetzendes Problem untersuccht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lauten : Ich meine, diese Gesetze sprechen rechtstheoretisch dem Grundgesetz nicht wider. Aber diese Gesetze haben die wesentlichen Probleme, die bei der Rechtsdurchfu¨hrung verursacht werden ko¨nnen und die Regierung lo¨sen muβ. 1. Die Regierung muβ den bffentlichen Wert des Grundstu¨cks resolut verwirklichen und dann kann die Regierung den Zwedc der Gesetzgebung erreichen. 2. Ich meine, Die Regierung muβ die Obergrenze der Fla¨che, die laufenden Dreitypen in Beziehung zum offentlichen Wert des Grundstu¨cks setzend, klassifizieren. 3. Steuersatz ist zu hoch, Steuer ist dualistisch, also uneffizient. 4. Die Regierung muβ eine objektive, gerechte Haltung zur Steuereinkassierung einnehmen. Auβerdem meine ich, die Regierung soll den Gru¨ngtu¨rtel mit Grundstu¨ckfonds, in Beziehung zum Angebot der mangelnden Fla¨che, zum angemessenen Preis einkaufen.

인체대장암에서의 Cyclin 유전자의 발현

백원기,서민호,서성일,문성희,박종욱,최병길,배옥석 대한대장항문학회 1996 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.12 No.2

Coating을 시행한 뇌동맥류 파열환자의 예후

박종혁,석종식,목진호,박관,김영백,민병국,황성남,최덕영 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.6

In rare occasions in which aneurysmal neck clipping is nearly impossible, coating is employed. During the period from 1985 to 1992, 312 patients with aneurysm underwent surgery ; aneurysmal neck clipping were performed in 284 cases while coating only in 28. The reasons that coating was required were ; wide and broad neck in 13, perforators arising from the neck in 4, neck tearing during dissection in 3, very friable neck in 2, severe adhesion with surrounding structures in 3, and small aneurysm without enough room for clipping in 3. In twenty-three cases, cotton wisp and bioglue were used as coating materials. In another five cases, the aneurysmal wall was reinforced using Surgicel or Gelfoam. Patients were followed for 24 months on average of all the patients. Four had last contact Six died(4 due to rebleeding and 2 due to pneumonia). Fourteen were good and 4 were moderately disabled. There were no rebleeding incidences during first three months' follow-up after coating. We thus concluded that coating an aneurysm offers some protection from rebleeding, particularly when the rebleeding risk period is over.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

21C 신지식인 양성을 위한 EQM 시스템 구축

최병태,이형민,전상봉,서승교,이우언,백종현 대구산업정보대학 2001 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The aim of this paper is to form and to operate EQM, to say education quality management. In order to achieve the above stated purpose, the paper hypothesizes that there are similarities between enterprises and colleges in quality management. The basic method of the paper is systematic approach, modifies TQM, which is total quality management. The result is that EQM program must form and operate the feedback system for teaching and learning effect, the PSMT(project, self-study, media, team unit style teaching and learning) as a new teaching and learning method, and the digital system as an advanced mechanism, in education quality management.

순무(Brassica campestris ssp. rapa) 뿌리로부터 지질화합물의 분리 및 동정

방면호,오영준,유종수,한민우,정해곤,정태숙,최명숙,이경태,김세영,백남인 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

순무 뿌리로부터 활성 물질을 분리 동정 하기 위하여 80% MeOH 수용액으로 추출하고 이를 여과, 감압 농축하여 MeOH추출물을 얻었다. 이를 EtOAc분획, n-BuOH분획, H_(2)O분획으로 나누었으며, EtOAc분획에 대해 silica gel column chromatography를 실시하여 3종의 지질화합물을 분리 정제하였다. ^(1)H-NMR, ^(13)C-NMR, DEPT spectrum 및 Mass spectrum등을 통하여 palmitic acid methyl ester(compound 1), linolenic acid methyl ester(compound 2), linoleic acid methyl ester(compound 3)으로 구조를 결정하였다. In order to isolate and identify the active compound from the Brassica campestris ssp rapa, the roots and the root skin were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and H_(2)O. From the EtOAc fraction, three compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel column chromatographies. From the result of spectral data including NMR and MS, the chemical structures of the compound were determined as palmitic acid methyl ester (compound 1), linolenic acid methyl ester (compound 2), linoleic acid methyl ester (compound 3).

Improved UV response of ZnO nanotubes by resonant coupling of anchored plasmonic silver nanoparticles

Biswas, Pranab,Cho, Seong Rae,Kim, Jong-Woo,Baek, Sung-Doo,Myoung, Jae-Min IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.22

<P>In this study, plasmonic silver (Ag) nanoparticle-(NP) anchored ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanotube-(NT) based UV photodetectors are demonstrated. Here, Ag NPs are synthesized and anchored by using a room-temperature photochemical method by exposing the precursor solution in UV radiation. In order to achieve a stronger surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and minimum agglomeration, the photochemical method is optimized with a precursor concentration of 5 mmol, a UV intensity of 0.4 mWаиаcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, and an exposure time of 30 min. An asymmetry around 380 nm in the absorption spectra of the NP solution indicates the presence of plasmonic resonance in that region. Upon anchoring the Ag NPs, ZnO NRs show enhanced band edge emission (380–400 nm) and the emission is further significantly increased in Ag NP-anchored ZnO NTs. The on/off ratio and photoresponse properties of the UV photodetectors are enhanced significantly after anchoring Ag NPs on the ZnO nanostructures. It is believed that the near-field coupling of SPR causes an optical enhancement of ZnO, whereas the bridging effect and hot-electron transfer to the conduction band of ZnO by plasmonic Ag NPs, anchored in close proximity, gives rise to a faster response of the photodetectors.</P>

다목적 플랫폼의 유압 동력 전달 시스템 시뮬레이션 모델 개발

서종빈 ( Jong-bin Seo ),전현호 ( Hyeon-ho Jeon ),백승민 ( Seung-min Baek ),백승윤 ( Seung-yun Baek ),서종빈 ( Jong-bin Seo ),전현호 ( Hyeon-ho Jeon ),백승민 ( Seung-min Baek ),백승윤 ( Seung-yun Baek ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2

국내 밭 면적은 국토 농지 면적의 44.8%이며, 경사지 및 소규모 경작지의 비율이 높아 기존의 농작업 플랫폼을 이용하여 밭 작업을 수행하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 밭 작업의 기계화율 및 작업 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 밭 작업 환경에 적합한 플랫폼 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 밭 작업 환경에 적합한 궤도 타입의 주행플랫폼을 개발하기 위한 기초연구로써 수행되었으며, 궤도 플랫폼 유압 동력전달 시스템의 시뮬레이션 모델 개발 및 검증을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 AMESIM(19.2, 독일 SIMENSE)을 이용하여 궤도 플랫폼 유압 동력전달시스템의 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델의 입력값은 주행 시험 중 계측한 구동부 스프라켓의 부하로 설정하였으며, 모델의 검증값은 부하에 따른 유압펌프에서 발생하는 유압으로 선정하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델은 계측에 사용된 플랫폼의 제원을 이용하여 구성하였다. 입력값 및 검증값을 계측하기 위해 계측 시스템을 개발하였다. 입력값 계측은 궤도의 구동부스프라켓을 가공 및 교정하여 센서 화를 통해 데이터를 받을 수 있도록 구성하였으며, 검증 값은 유압펌프에 유압 센서를 설치하여 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 및 계측 시험은 같은 조건으로 설정하여 수행하였으며, 노지 주행 시 엔진 회전속도 2,600 rpm 및 주행속도 1.5 km/h로 설정하여 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델 검증은 계측 값과 시뮬레이션 결과 값의 평균값 오차 분석을 통하여 수행하였다. 분석결과, 시뮬레이션 결과 값과 계측 값의 평균값의 오차는 약 10%인 것으로 나타났다. 차후 연구에서는 개발한 시뮬레이션 모델을 이용하여 Co-simulation을 진행할 예정이며, 주행조건에 따른 부하 예측 및 성능평가 등에 관한 연구를 수행할 예정이다.