Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

적응 등화기에서 데이터-재사용 LMS 알고리즘을 이용한 신호 간섭 제어

김원균,김동국,곽종서,나상동 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

적응 등화기에서 LMS 알고리즘의 수렴 속도를 개선하기 위한 데이터 재순환 버퍼 구조를 제안한다. 폐기된 수신 데이터를 재활용함으로서 심볼 시간 주기에 적응 등화기의 에러를 이용한 가중치 갱신을 통해 제안된 알고리즘의 수렴특성을 분석하여 수렴 속도가 향상됨을 보인다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 스텝-크기 매개변수 μ가 증가됨에 따라 알고리즘의 수렴 속도가 상응하게 감소하고 또한, 스텝 크기 매개변수 μ의 증가는 실험적으로 계산된 학습 곡선에서 평균 자승 에러를 감소시키는 효과를 갖는다. 고유치 확산을 감소시킴에 따라 적응 등화기의 수렴속도를 천천히 감소시키고 평균 자승 에러의 안정-상태 값을 증가시키는 효과를 나타낸다. 따라서, 제안된 데이터 재순환 버퍼를 이용한 LMS 알고리즘의 수렴 특성을 개선시키고 계산의 복잡도를 증가시키지 않으면서 수렴속도를 (B+1)배만큼 증가시킨다는 것을 보인다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과는 최악의 스텝 크기 매개변수와 고유치 확산 영역에 따른 평균 자승 에러를 분석하고 필터 알고리즘에서 신호간섭제어가 우수함을 입증한다. Data-recycling buffer structure to improve the convergence speed of LMS algorithm in adaptive equalizer is proposed. The improvement of convergence speed is shown by analyzing convergence characteristics of the proposed algorithm through updating weight using the error of adaptive equalizer when coefficients are multiply adapted in a symbol time period. As the step-size parameter μ is increased, the rate of convergence of the algorithm is correspondingly decreased through computer simulation result. Also, increasing the step-size parameter μ has the effect of reducing the variation in the experimentally computed learning curve. Reducing the eigenvalue spread has the effect of slowing down the rate of convergence of the adaptive equalizer and also increasing the steady-state value of the average squared error. Accordingly, the analysis shows that convergence speed can increase by (B+1) times, where B is the number of recycled data, as improving of convergence characteristics using the data-recycling buffer and not increasing complex of computation. The results of the computer simulation demonstrate analyzing mean squared error in accordance with the worst step-size parameter and eigenvalue spread and the superiority of signal interference control in the filter algorithm.

토양중에서 1,1,1-Trichloethane의 흡착 및 분해 특성에 관한 연구

김종국,홍희택 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

Adsorption and biodegradation of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA) which is a common contaminant found in groundwate were investigated in soils to predict the behavior and fate of 1,1,1-TCA in the environment. 1,1,1-TCA was biotransformed in the soil to dichloroethane(DCA) and chloroethane(CA). The biodegradation rate of 1,1,1-TCA was related to the organic carbon content in soils. About 16∼91% of initial 1,1,1-TCA was transformed to DCA and CA during the experimental period. The measured biodegradation rate contants of 1,1,1-TCA were in the range of 0.004d^-1 to 0.099d^-1

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis例에 있어서의 血淸鐵値에 關한 硏究

金宗克 고려대학교 의과대학 1988 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.25 No.2

Author has measured serum iron and total iron binding capacity as well as hemoglobin level RBC count and hematocrit value in blood on 72 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroendoscopy visiting to the division of Gastroenterology, department of internal Medicine. Korea University Hospital and tried to establish the relations between chronic atrophic gastritis and iron deficiency anemia RBC count. hemog1obin level and hematocrit value which signify hemog1ogic guide-posts of anemia showed normal ranges according either to age groups or to involving sites Serum iron and total iron binding capacity also revealed normal ranges according not only to age groups but to involving sites The percentage of cases in which the whole areas of stomach including antrum were involved by atrophic changes was increased as the patients grew older(from 8 to 33 per cent) It is concluded that the chronic atrophic gastritis does not supposedly play a role in developing iron deficiency anemia and no relations exist between chronic atrophic gastritis and iron deficiency anemia

多目的 計劃法에 의한 合成PC橋의 最適化

金基大,朴聖圭,林鍾國 大邱大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.6 No.2

This paper is to propose optimum Design with the multiobjective function for the composite PCI girder algorithm by the SLP method, which is able to get a optimum solution easily by the use of the linear programming method in order to design a practical composite PCI girder bridges. To verify, the reliability of results, this method was applied to the composite PCI girder bridge which is being used in fields now. As a result, the algorithm of this paper was revealed easy and practical to get the PCI girder space, the optimum prestress, and the eccentric space.

肝疾患의 Immunoglobulin量 變動에 관한 臨床的 硏究

金宗克,高侊道 고려대학교 의과대학 1975 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.12 No.1

Author has studied 62 subjects who had been admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Korea University and diagnosed by liver biopsy and 10 healthy Koreans from July, 1972 to Sept., 1973. Blood collected from the patients had been stored in freezing at -20 degree centigrade. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Blood level of immunoglobulins (Mean±Standard Deviation) in healthy Koreans are: IgG 1,387±254, IgA 171±78, IgM 94±33. The unit is ㎎/dl. 2. In acute hepatitis including icteric and nonicteric cases IgG is 1,616±314 and increased above normal range in 50 per cent of cases by mild degree with statistical significance. IgA is 313±86 and increased in 63 per cent by high degree with statistical significance and IgM is 133±66 and increased in 44 per cent by moderate degree with statistical significance. 3. In chronic hepatitis IgG is 1,788±302 and increased above normal range in 64 per cent of cases by mild degree with statistical significance. IgA is 347±127 and increased in 73 per cent by high degree with statistical significance. IgM is 143±80 and increased in 45 per cent by moderate degree without statistical significance. 4. In liver cirrhosis IgG is 1,958±449 and increased above normal range in 78 per cent by moderate degree with statistical significance. IgA is 390±129 and increased in 83 per cent by high degree with statistical significance. IgM is 160±69 and increased in 72 per cent by high degree with statistical significance. 5. In primary hepatoma IgG is 1,649±402 and increased above normal range in 71 per cent by mild degree without statistical significance. IgA is 376±171 and increased in 71 per cent by high degree with statistical significance. IgM is 149±66 and increased in 57 per cent by mild degree without statistical significance. 6. In reactive hepatitis IgG is 1,571±383 and increased above normal range in 40 per cent by mild degree without statistical significance. IgA is 333±130 and increased in 80 per cent by high degree with statistical significance. IgM is 123±62 and increased in 40 per cent by mild degree without statistical significance.

가스 마이크로 검출기의 불감영역(Dead zone)의 연구

김종국,김도현,주관식 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.23 No.-

반도체 공정기법을 도입한 방서선 위치검출기인 가스마이크로 검출기(Gas-Micro Detector)는 높은 효율(both Quantum and Gain)과 우수한 위치분해능(Spatial resolution)을 구현하기 위하여 인가전압을 최대화 하고 양극선과 음극선 간격(half pitch)의 최소화 하려는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 검출기의 수명과 효율에 치명적 손상을 초래하는 전자사태영역(Avajanche Region)에서의 전기장 강화의 한계점과 인가전압에 의한 양극선과 음극선 주위의 등진위선, 전기장선, 그리고 전기장의 세기를 실험과 시뮬레이션(Maxwell program)을 통해 조사하였다. 이 연구로부터 전하수집능력(rate capability)을 저하시키고, 미세한 전극간의 전기장을 교란시킴으로 효율의 불안정과 스파크현상을 초래시켜 검출기의 수명을 손상시키는 불갑영역(Dead Zone)이 존재함을 고찰하였다. Research work for improving image quality has been continued up to the present. Especially, the Gas Micro Detector (GMD) is a new class of radiation detectors in last decade. Due to its good characteristics such as better spatial resolution, better rate capability, higher gain, and lower cost, the GMD may have many potential application as a sensor in medical X-ray imaging, nuclear and high energy physics experiments, and many other fields requiring particle detection and measurement. By continual effort to improve image quality, it need to apply higher voltage and get reduced the spacing between anodes and cathodes in a small cross sectional area. In this work, we present studies of the behavior of gas gain with regard to drift field intensity, anode voltage (Va), drift voltage (Vd), different geometry pitches, electric potential field around cathode-anode strips, time dependence, and several operating parameters for detector's operating. Moreover, estimates of limits of electrical discharge energies are being presented based on computer simulation, Maxwell program package, to explain electrostatic field distortion by charge. From this experimental results, Dead Zone provided a field distortion, a relatively long charge collection time and hence loss of rate capability. We find out which geometric design has to be developed to improve high gain stability as well as detector's lifetime.

위장관기능이상증에 있어서 Trimebutine Maleate (Polybutine^(�))의 치료효과

김종극,고광도 최신의학사 1981 最新醫學 Vol.24 No.8

Primary Chronic Atrophic Gastritis 例에 있어서의 血淸 vitamin B₁₂値 關한 硏究

金宗克 고려대학교 의과대학 1981 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Author has measured RBC count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit value including serum vitamin B₁₂ level on 106 patients with primary chronic atrophic gastritis confirmed by the gastrofiberscopy and tissue biopsy visiting to the Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Hospital from December, 1979 to October, 1980, and tried to establish the pathogenetic role of primary chronic atrophic gastritis in developing pernicious anemia. RBC count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit value which signify hematologic guideposts of anemia showed normal ranges; the serum vitamin B₁₂ levels appeared normal ranges with its M±176.6 pg/㎗ in all cases with primary chronic atrophic gastritis. The most common site of the involvement of chronic atrophic gastritis is antrum and body by showing 50.9 per cent in its frequency. The second most common site of the involvement consists in the entire wall of the stomach of antrum, body and fundus by 41.6 percent. It is concluded that the primary chronic atrophic gastritis does not supposedly play a role in developing pernicious anemia. Active studies concerning the relationship between chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia have to be performed immunologically in the future.