내구성을 고려한 표면피복재의 성능평가에 관한 실험적 연구

김영덕,조봉석,윤종기,김용로,장종호,김무한 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

It is recognized that reinforcement corrosion is the main distress behind the present concern regarding concrete durability. The basic method to prevent reinforcement corrosion is coating the reinforcement concrete with surface coating materials but evaluating their performance is necessary to the work satisfactory because they have different performance for each other. In this study. to evaluate performance of surface coating materials, we compare their properties in terms of sticking strength and permeability of carbonation, chloride ion and water with actual reinforcement corrosion under environment of complex deterioration. The results showed that an increase in age also decreases Carbonation velocity coefficients, increases Chloride ion diffusion coefficients and increases water absorption coefficients. As well, an increase in age also increases corrosion of reinforcement due to permeability of carbonation and chloride ion. And sticking strength of inorganic coating material is higher than organic coating material.

PVA-ECC를 활용한 Half PC 복합체의 역학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김재환,김영덕,김갑수,조봉석,장종호,김무한 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

ECC represents one particular class of HPFRCC, which are defined by an ultimate strength higher than their first cracking strength and the formation of multiple cracking during the inelastic deformation process. This study is to provide the fundamental data for the development of hybrid construction method such as the half PC(Precast concrete) reinforced by PVA-ECC, the mechanical properties of half PC according to the alteration of properties of PVA-ECC in terms of the type of fiber, Vr, S/M, placing height of PVA-ECC, are experimentally investigated. As the results. it is found that the half PCs of PVA-ECC have very higher mechanical performance in terms of yield load, strain capacity beyond yield point and maximum flexural load than that of mortar. Also, flexural crack in the half PCs of PVA-ECC are not localized at first crack and are growed to many micro crack, especially multiple cracking in specimen of P(12)-30-0.1ㆍ3 occurred.

중증 허혈성 지체질환 환자에서 시행된 vascular endothelial growth factor의 혈관신생 유전자치료 1예

김현중,장신이,김종묵,김선영,김병문,김원배,김덕경 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.64 No.1

저자 등은 기존의 치료에 반응하지 않은 중증 허혈성 지체질환 환자를 대상으로 하여 vascular endothelial growth factor를 이용한 혈관신생 유전자 치료를 시행하였다. 치료 후 환자의 허혈에 의한 하지 통증이 현격하게 감소하고 상처의 진행이 측부혈관이 많이 증가됨이 관찰되어 이에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. We report VEGF-induced angiogenic gene therapy in a patient with critical limb ischemia, who did not respond to conventional treatment. This patient was the first case in a dose-escalating series of phase I clinical trial. The patient had severe resting pain, gangrene and diffuse ulcer in his left foot. Total 1,000㎍ of naked DNA encoding human VEGF165 was administered intramuscularly to 8 sites of the loft lower extremity. Four weeks after the first 1,000㎛ was administered to the same sites (total dose: 2,000㎛). After gene therapy, resting pain gradually reduced and the amount of analgesics taken by the patient decreased. The ischemic wound of lower extremity slightly improved. However, there was no complete wound healing at 12 weeks of treatment. Digital subtraction angiography at 12 weeks after gene therapy showed an increase in collateral vessels at the mid-tibial, ankle and foot arch levels. Immediately and up to 12 weeks, there was no complication related to gene therapy. These findings may be cautiously interpreted to indicate that intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA of VEGF_165 may induce therapeutic angiogencsis in a patient with critical limb ischemia. Further clinical evaluation of VEGF-induced gene therapy is needed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of this treatment.(Korean J Med 64:85-90, 2003)

京畿道 廣州郡 및 富川郡에 있어서의 肺디스토마의 疫學的 調査

尹德鎭,金元撤,全世鍾,李俊鎬,金燉均,尹燾善,南相德 대한의학협회 1965 대한의학협회지 Vol.8 No.9

飮用水 利用現況 및 家庭用 淨水器 管理實態

김정덕,박종안 순천향대학교 1993 논문집 Vol.16 No.3

本 硏究는 飮用水 改善方向에 基礎資料를 提示하고자, 1992年 10月부터 12月사이에 國民學校 學父母 1,540명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하고, 시중에 보급되고 있는 家庭用 淨水器 10종의 필터를 分析하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 수돗물을 飮用水 으로 利用하는 家庭은 地域別로 다소 差異를 보이고 있으나 약 50%에 불과하였다. 2. 生水나 藥水를 利用하는 家庭이 26.5%인데, 이들 中 69%가 生水나 藥水를 冷藏保管하지 않고 있어 細菌繁殖 등의 문제가 있으며, 生水나 約水 利用者의 85%가 3일 이상 保管하고도 끓이지 않고 마시고 있어 非衛生的인 것으로 나타났다. 3. 淨水場에서 消毒을 잘 하고 있다고 생각하는 사람은 8.7%뿐이고 수돗물을 그냥 마셔도 좋다고 생각하는 사람도 0.8%에 不過하였으며, 수도관의 상태를 우려하고 있는 사람도 63.4%이었다. 또한 수돗물을 먹을 때는 꼭 끓여서 먹는다고 하는 사람이 93.6%이었으며, 수도요금이 오르더라도 깨끗한 물을 공급받고 싶다는 사람이 91%이상인 바, 수돗물의 수질 개선을 크게 원하고 있었다. 4. 각 家庭의 물탱크 청소를 1년에 한번도 하지 않는 경우가 26.7%로 나타남으로써 급수 탱크에서 침전된 물질들이 계속 쌓여 오히려 오염을 유발할 소지가 있었다. 5. 淨水器 를 소유한 家庭은 전체 對象者의 약 20% 이었으나 실제 사용하는 家庭은 全體 대상자의 6.4%에 不過하였으며, 정수기를 使用하지 않는 이유는 효능을 믿을수 없어서가 51.5%, 통과수가 오히려 나쁘기 때문이 14%로 나타났다. 또한 應答者 중 80% 이상이 淨水器가 農藥, 페놀, THMs 등을 除去할 수 없다고 생각할 정도로 정수기 성능에 대하여 불신감이 높았다. 6. 淨水器의 필터 交換時가期 물 使用量과 관계가 있다는 것을 알고 있는 경우가 63.4%뿐이었고, 水質에 따라 사용해야 할 淨水器의 種類가 다르다는 것을 알고 있는 사람도 42.6%에 불과한바, 정수기의 규격기준이나 필터의 수명에 관한 사용 설명서가 확실하게 제시될 필요성이 있었다. 7. 應答者 中 90%이상이 性能 좋은 淨水器의 開發과 政府의 철저한 製造 檢査, 品質保證 및 追後管理를 바라고 있음이 나타났다. 8. 淨水器 필터에 KS 1급 이상의 活性炭素를 使用한 業體는 20%에 不過하였던바, 필터용 활성탄소의 품질 선정에 신중해야 함을 알 수 있다. This study aims at providing a foundamental data of the quality of drinkable water. For this study, a typical method of questionnair is used. A total of 1,540 parents of elementary schools was asked to fill out a brief factual questionnaire. The questionnaire includes some questions on water purifier used by general hounshold. The following results are obtained from the analysis of the questionnaire. 1. The average rate of housholds drinking city water is about 50%, although rates are different slightly according to sample areas. 2. The proportion of housholds drinking sales water or spring water accounts for 26.5%. However, 69% of those housholds does not keep sales or pring water in the refrigerator , having the problem of increasing bacillus. Furthermore, 85% of the housolds does not drinks raw sales or spring water within 3 days, and is thereby faced with an sanitary problem. 3. Regarding satisfaction degree on th city water, 8.7% of the total housholds surveyed satisfies the treatment of city-water at filtration plants, while merely 0.8% of such housholds thinks that unboiled city water is edible, and 63.4% of the total housholds answers that the state of water pipe is very serious. This results clearly shows that the supply of clean water is very desirable even though the price is increased at a high rate. 4. Contamination problems of water tank appear to be very critical because each houshold has a long period of cleaning interval; 26.7% of the housholds does not clean water tank even once a year. 5. Approximately 20% of the total housholds surveyed has water purifier. However, the only 6.4% among them actually uses water purifier. This is because the housholds believe that water purifier can not remove all the contaminants and hazardous materials such as heavy metals, pesticides, phenol, THMs, and etc. 6. About 63% of the housholds having water purifier knows that the exchange of filter is relate with the total volume of eater used. Also, 42.6% of the housholds recognizes that water purifier should be used according to the quality of water. This indicate that purifier should be used according to correct and valid instruction. 7. About 90% of the housholds wants a newly developed water purifier with good quality as well as a tough inspaction and after-assurance by government on water purifier. 8. Only 20% of the water-purifier manufacturing companies uses the KS-grading "activated carbon" filter in its products, so that every water purifier companies count on the efficiency of water purifier.

NIPALS와 커널 알고리듬에 관한 연구

김종덕 부산 외국어 대학교 2003 外大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

The properties of the NIPALS algorithm which is a basic algorithm for PCA are investigated. The NIPALS kernel algorithm which has been claimed to be more efficient for wide X is explained and its properties are also investigated. The efficiencies of the two algorithms are measured in terms of the elapsed time by simulation study, but it shows little difference between them. This contradicts the argument of Wu et. al. (1997) and it needs further investigation. The relationship between NIPALS and SVD is explained and the speeds of the traditional SVD algorithm and its kernel version are compared by simulation. The simulation study shows that the traditional SVD algorithm is efficient for wide X and the kernel version is efficient for long X and also provides the ratio of the elapsed times for the two algorithms for several different sizes of X. The SAS/IML code for the NIPALS algorithm and its kernel version are given in the appendix.

편향 회귀추정량의 축소구조의 비교

김종덕 釜山外國語大學校 2005 外大論叢 Vol.30 No.-

PCR, RR and PLSR are regression methods to estimate parameters in a linear model when predictor variables are highly collinear. One way to gain some insight into the properties of the estimators is to examine their respective shrinkage structures. This can be done by expanding their solutions in terms of the eigenvectors of the predictor-sample correlation matrix and the OLS estimate. This paper gave a detailed description of the shrinking structure in the eigenspaces for PCR, RR and PLSR. It showed how each solution vector shrinks along each of the eigendirections, and its overall shrinkage as well. Using real-world data set, the ratio of the shrinkage along each direction and overall shrinkage ratio were shown for each method. All the three biased solutions of their optimal models showed similar pattern of heavy shrinking in the small-spread eigendirections. But the amount of shrinkage in the directions varied with different solutions. The PCR and PLSR solutions showed more overall shrinkage than that of RR, and this was due to their heavy shrinkage along the two eigendirections with small eigenvalues.

경주지역 여고생의 초경과 체성장간의 관계

김준섭,권오구,박진석,오종수,박정현,박제식,안세한,이용환,서정호,신태섭,최영배,김덕수,이관,박수경 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 경주지역 1개 고등학교 3학년 여고생을 대상으로 초경 시작 전인 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레 수치와 초경 연령을 파악하여 여성의 초경이 빠를수록 체성장 속도의 변화가 있을 것이라는 가설을 기초로 두 요인간의 관련성을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 경주시 1개 여자고등학교 3학년생 총 317명에 대해 ㅊ경 나이, 초경시 심리 상태, 초경이 시작되었을 때의 상담 여부와 상담하였던 사람, 부모 신장과 초경전후의 식사 규칙성, 다이어트 경험, 수면시간, 스트레스, 음주/흡연 여부, 질병력 등에 대한 설문 조사를 시행하였고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레에 대한 정보는 건강기록부에서 확보하였다. 상기 대상자 중 건강기록부가 분실된 39명, 초경나이에 대해 응답하지 않았던 29명 및 결석 등으로 조사를 하지 못하였던 42명을 제외한 조사 대상자는 206명으로 선정하였다. 대상자들의 초경연령 평균값(Mean±SD)은 13.0±1.11이었고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 초경 이후 신장 성장률은 감소하였으며, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교 때는 신장에 있어서 우위를 차지하나 고등학교에 오면서 신장은 비슷한 수준이 되었다. 초경후 1-2년 사이에 체중과 흉위의 증가율은 감소하였고, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교와 고등학교 사이에 체중과 흉위에서 모두 우위를 차지하였다. 본 연구의 결과는, 흔히 이차 성징의 시작 시점 혹은 사춘기의 시작 시점으로 보고있는 초경 연령이 청소년기의 성장과 밀접한 관련성이 있고, 특히 체중과 흉위의 성장 속도와 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 시사한다. To understand the onset of menarche in relation to changes in physical growth that take place during female adolescence, especially the changes in height and weight velocity. The 207 senior in one women high school of Kyongju were investigated in April 3 to 8, 2001. We collected the information, relation in the age at menarche, height & weight of parents, regularity of eating, and obesity diet, duration of sleeping, sickness & stress near age at menarche, by self-recording. The status of height, weight & chest circumference between the 4th grade of primary school and the junior of high school was collected by individual Health Record. The results were followed; The average age at menarche was 12.95±1.11 years old and the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. After menarche, the velocity of height, weight and chest circumference were decreased. The most rapid group of menarche hold dominant position in height during elementary school. As time passed, they dont hold dominant position in height. The most rapid group of menarche get an advantage in the weight and the girth of chest after elementary school. The height of subjects is directly proportional to the height of their parents. These results suggest that the starting age at menestuation can be closely associated with physical growth and development.

Glycyrrhizinic acid에 의해 유발된 Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome1례

김태석,양동경,오수용,박동균,김득조,장호열,이종호 대한신장학회 1996 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.15 No.4

마산 창원 지역주민의 폭력에 대한 의식

김종덕 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 1997 人文論叢 Vol.9 No.-