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The Pathway and Regulation of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Probenazole-Treated Arabidopsis
Jin Yu,Jiong Gao,Xiao Yan Wang,Qiang Wei,Li Feng Yang,Kai Qiu,Ben Ke Kuai 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.6
Probenazole (PBZ; 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide) is a highly effective chemical inducer of systemic-acquired resistance (SAR). It has been used widely to protect rice plants against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Previous studies have shown that PBZ induces SAR through enhanced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Plants synthesize SA by either a pathway that uses phenylalanine as substrate or another that involves isochorismate. To clarify how SA is produced in PBZ-treated Arabidopsis, we examined the expression patterns and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), which are the main components of the phenylalanine and isochorismate pathways, respectively. PBZ exposure significantly improved the accumulation of SA and increased ICS activity. In the sid2–2 mutant, which has a defect in ICS1,PBZ had no effect on the level of endogenous SA or activity of ICS. In contrast, PAL activity and the expression of most PAL genes were down-regulated by such treatment in wild-type plants. These results suggest that SA is mainly synthesized via the ICS-mediated pathway in Arabidopsis.
Jin Yu,Xiao-Yan Wang,Qiang Wei,Ben-Ke Kuai 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.4
Probenazole (PBZ) is a highly effective chemical inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). We found that the transcript level of NPR1, a key regulator of SAR,was significantly up-regulated upon PBZ treatment in Arabidopsis. To identify cis-elements involved in this response, a series of 5′ deleted fragments in the upstream region of NPR1 were fused to the GUS gene, and the resultant constructs were then introduced into tobacco plants. We have shown that even the shortest of these fragments was able to drive the expression of GUS at a similar level to that of the largest fragment after PBZ treatment. Further mutation analysis within the fragment showed only when both of the two W-boxes present at -128and -123 were mutated could the responsiveness to PBZ treatment be completely abolished. These results suggest that these two W-boxes are necessary for the full responsiveness of AtNPR1 to PBZ treatment in tobacco plants. This requirement implies that one or more of WRKY transcription factors may play a key role in the positive regulation of PBZ-induced SAR, mediated by AtNPR1. Moreover, the characteristic cross-species responsiveness of the AtNPR1 upstream region to PBZ treatment demonstrates that a conserved regulatory mechanism of PBZinduced SAR may exist in diverse plant species.
붕소 과잉 처리가 2년생 인삼의 지상부 생리장해, 생육 및 무기성분 함량에 미치는 영향
Jin Yu,In Bae Jang,Su Jeoung Suh,Hong Woo Park,Ki Beom Kwon,Ki Hong Kim 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.05
Background : Boron (B) is an essential element required for the growth of plant. It has a narrow range of optimal concentration from minimum to maximum thresholds than other micro-elements. The study was carried out to investigate to the influence of B excess concentrations on physiological disorder of leaf, growth and mineral concentration of ginseng to obtain basic information for physiological disorder diagnose. Methods and Results : The ginseng cultivar ‘Gumpoong’ was cultivated by hydroponic system for 2 months. The toxicity symptoms which ginseng leaves were curved downwardly and induced to chlorosis after beginning to dry the edge appeared on leaves more than 30 ppm compared to the control(3 ppm). The growth of ginseng was more decreased with higher B concentration. Mn uptake was also decreased as B concentration increased. It was found that B excess hindered the growth of ginseng and was reversely related to Mn uptake. Conclusions : More than B 30 ppm can negatively affect growth and mineral uptake. Consequently, B excess can occur physiological disorder of ginseng.
양액농도가 2년생 인삼의 생육 및 진세노사이드 함량에 미치는 영향
Jin Yu,In Bae Jang,Su Jeoung Suh,Hong Woo Park,Ki Beom Kwon,Ki Hong Kim 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.05
Background : An important feature of the nutrient solution is that they affect not only the growth but also quality of crops by changing nutrient uptake, especially due to changes of EC in nutrient solution. This study was carried out to investigate effect of EC in nutrient solution on growth and ginsenoside of ginseng. Methods and Results : EC in nutrient solution was controlled with 0.68, 0.84, 1.23, 1.41 dS/m. The root weight of ginseng treated by low EC levels in nutrient solution was higher during the initial of growth. However, the higher EC levels, the more increased the change rate of root weight from the initial to the middle of growth. The highest amount of ginsenoside was changed by growth period. Although the total amount of ginsenoside in root is highest treated by EC 0.68 dS/m at 45 days after treatment. the total amount of ginsenoside in root is highest treated by EC 1.23 dS/m at 135 days after treatment. Conclusions : EC in nutrient solution should to be controlled depending on the stage of growth and the part of use, i.e. root and leaves, when ginseng is cultivated through nutri-culture.
Jin Yu,Xu Chen,Yan-yan Cai,Hongliang Liu 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.20 No.6
In this study, the mechanical properties and permeability variation in single joint rock samples filled with a gypsum layer were investigated. In order to simulate the inclined infilled joint, the solid cylinders were saw-cut at the dip angles of 90°, 60°, 45°, 30° or 0° with respect to the samples’ axes, and then joined together with gypsum. Triaxial compression experiments with permeability measurements were then performed using these prepared samples. The results indicated that the peak strength and failure modes change with the inclined angles. In comparison with the theoretical analysis of rock with a clean joint, infilling has a marked influence on the mechanical properties to some extent. In regards to the initial permeability, the results showed decreases of approximately two orders of magnitude with the increasing of the prefabricated joint angle, and the initial permeability of the samples with a prefabricated joint were all larger than the intact sample. The evolutionary trends of the permeabilities in triaxial compression in the sandstone samples were shown to be varied with a joint filled with gypsum at different angles, due to the fact that the changes of the inner structure are quite different during the loading process.
질소, 인산, 칼륨 시용 수준이 2년생 인삼의 생육과 토양 이화학성에 미치는 영향
Jin Yu,In Bae Jang,Soo Jung Suh,In Bok Jang,Ki Beam Kweon 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2017 No.05
Background : Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a perennial crop grown for more than 4 years in the same place. Therefore, it is highly affected by soil environment, especially nutrients on soil. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of application levels of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium on growth and soil chemical properties of ginseng. Methods and Results : 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 ㎏/10 a of Urea, fused superphosphate, potassium chloride were each treated at 3.3 ㎡ of the field and ginseng cultivar 'Geumpoong' was transplanted. Growth characteristics were investigated by growth period and soil chemical properties were investigated every 3 months. As the levels of treated nitrogen increased, root weight increased from 0 ㎏/10 a to 4 ㎏/10 a and then decreased. Electrical conductivity (EC) and the NO3 content tended to increase as time goes by. As the levels of treated phosphate increased, the SPAD content increased. Soil analysis of October showed that the NO3 content of phosphate 32 ㎏/10 a treatment increased to 80.25 ㎎/㎏. In the case of potassium 32 ㎏/10 a treatment, the emergence rate was 74% and root weight was 2.06 g, which were the worst in all treatments. When the levels of treated potassium increased, the EC tended to increase gradually and the pH was decreased. Conclusion : These results indicate that the application levels of Nitrogen, phosphate, potassium influence growth of ginseng and soil chemical properties. Further research will be needed to establish appropriate standards of soil chemical properties for ginseng cultivation.
2-Arylindoles: A New Entry to Transition Metal-free Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzophenones
Jin Yu,Hye Ran Moon,Beom Kyu Min,김재녕 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.6
Various 2-aminobenzophenones were synthesized from readily available 2-arylindoles in DMSO under O2 balloon atmosphere. The synthesis was carried out without the aid of a transition metal catalyst or moisture-sensitive organometallic reagents from 2-arylindoles.