Comprehensive soil quality assessment in urban forests using biological indices

Jino Son,Yun-Sik Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

and evaluated mainly physico-chemical properties. In the present study, several biological indices were applied to determine whether biological indices could provide a more comprehensive understanding in terms of soil quality assessment in urban forests. Microbe and invertebrate biological indices (i.e. biodiversity of both microbe and invertebrate, enzyme activity of microbe, feeding activity of invertebrate) were examined at 6 urban forests with different levels of disturbance in Seoul, Korea. The results showed that feeding activity and biodiversity were significantly and positively intercorrelated, but not with the enzyme activity. We also examined whether these biological indices could be modeled as functions of soil physico-chemical characteristics. To develop a predictive model, we applied principal component regression. The results showed that first principal component represented more than 33% of the total variance of biological indices and gave a good relationship with soil physico-chemical characteristics (R2=0.71). The predictive model developed in this study can be used for qualitative but not for quantitative assessment of soil quality.

pH and ionic strength alter the fate of a suspension concentrate formulation of β-cyfluthrin and its exposure to Daphnia magna

Jino Son(손진오),Louisa A. Hooven,Bryan Harper,Stacey L. Harper 환경독성보건학회 2016 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.6

Binary mixture toxicity of copper and manganese to soil collembolan Paronychiuruskimi

Jino Son,Nan-Hee Yang,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

In soil ecosystems, chemicals are often found as mixtures. Therefore, the toxicity data generated by single toxicity tests are inadequate for assessing the potential risk of complex mixtures of chemicals for soil ecosystems. In the present study, the mixture toxicity of copper and manganese on the reproduction of Paronychiurus kimi were assessed using a Toxic Unit approach (1TU=EC50). The concentrations of each metal in the mixture were summed as follows: TUmixture = CCu/EC50 of Cu + CMn/EC50 of Mn, where CMetal are the concentrations of copper and manganese in the mixture. From the Sum TU based dose-response relationships, sum of a toxicunit (TU50) at 50% reduction for the mixture (EC50mix) was calculated. The binary mixture toxicity was defined as being concentration additiv (EC50mix=1TU) or as being more or less than additive (EC50mix<1TU or 1>TU, respectively). Also, values of the mixture (TUi) at i% reduction found were predicted to get more insight regarding the relationship between mixture toxicity and various effect levels (ranging from EC10 to EC90). The toxicities of copper and manganese mixtures were less than additive at the EC10 level, whereas more than additive at the EC90 level. These findings imply that the effect levels are important for determining the toxicity of metal mixtures.

Toxicity of arsenite and arsenate on the reproduction of Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola: Onychiuridae)

Jino Son,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in the earth's crust and is found throughout the environment, but compared with other toxic elements, little toxicological work has been conducted on arsenic. In this study, we tested the effect of two different arsenic compounds (arsenite (NaAsO2) and arsenate (Na2HAsO4)) on the reproduction of soil inhabiting collembolan species (Paronychiurus kimi). The toxicity tests for each arsenic compound were conducted in accordance with the ISO 11267. The estimated EC50s for reproduction of each arsenic compound were 20.43 (16.97-24.60) and 32.86 (25.64-42.13) mg/kg, respectively. There were statistically differences in the toxicity of two different arsenic compounds based on overlapping 95 % confidence intervals. The relative toxicity ratio of arsenite to arsenate (approx. 0.62) as well as the concentration-dependent decrease in reproduction of P. kimi was steeper at arsenite than that of arsenate. These results show that arsenite was more toxic to P. kimi than arsenate.

Excess zinc uptake in Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola) induces toxic effects at the individual and population levels

Jino Son,Yun-Sik Lee,Yongeun Kim,June Wee,Euna Ko,Kijong Cho 한국환경생물학회 2019 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.37 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of zinc in collembolan Paronychiurus kimi at the individual (survival and juvenile production) and population (population growth and age structure) levels after 28 days of exposure in artificially spiked soil. These toxic effects were interpreted in conjunction with the internal zinc concentrations in P. kimi. The EC50 value for juvenile production based on the total zinc concentration was 457 mg Zn kg-1 dry soil, while the LC50 value for adult survival and ri=0 value for population growth were within the same order of magnitude (2,623 and 1,637 mg Zn kg-1 dry soil, respectively). Significant differences in adult survival, juvenile production, and population growth compared with the control group were found at concentrations of 1,500, 375, and 375 mg Zn kg-1 dry or higher, respectively, whereas significant differences in the age structure, determined by the proportion of each age group in the population, were observed in all treatment groups. It appeared that the internal zinc level in P. kimi was regulated to some extent at soil zinc concentrations of ≤375 mg Zn kg-1 dry soil, but not at high soil zinc concentrations. These results indicate that, despite zinc being regulated by P. kimi, excess zinc exceeding the regulatory capacity of P. kimi can trigger changes in the responses at the individual and population levels. Given that population dynamics are affected not only by individual level but also by population level endpoints, it is concluded that the toxic effects of pollutants should be assessed at various levels.

Excess zinc uptake in Paronychiurus kimi(Collembola) induces toxic effects at the individual and population levels

Son, Jino,Lee, Yun-Sik,Kim, Yongeun,Wee, June,Ko, Euna,Cho, Kijong Korean Society of Environmental Biology 2019 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.37 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of zinc in collembolan Paronychiurus kimi at the individual (survival and juvenile production) and population (population growth and age structure) levels after 28 days of exposure in artificially spiked soil. These toxic effects were interpreted in conjunction with the internal zinc concentrations in P. kimi. The EC₅₀ value for juvenile production based on the total zinc concentration was 457 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, while the LC₅₀ value for adult survival and r_i=0 value for population growth were within the same order of magnitude (2,623 and 1,637 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, respectively). Significant differences in adult survival, juvenile production, and population growth compared with the control group were found at concentrations of 1,500, 375, and 375 mg Zn kg^-1 dry or higher, respectively, whereas significant differences in the age structure, determined by the proportion of each age group in the population, were observed in all treatment groups. It appeared that the internal zinc level in P. kimi was regulated to some extent at soil zinc concentrations of ≤375 mg Zn kg^-1 dry soil, but not at high soil zinc concentrations. These results indicate that, despite zinc being regulated by P. kimi, excess zinc exceeding the regulatory capacity of P. kimi can trigger changes in the responses at the individual and population levels. Given that population dynamics are affected not only by individual level but also by population level endpoints, it is concluded that the toxic effects of pollutants should be assessed at various levels.

pH and ionic strength alter the fate of a suspension concentrate formulation of β-cyfluthrin and its exposure to Daphnia magna

Jino Son,Louisa A. Hooven,Bryan Harper,Stacey L. Harper 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate how pH and ionic strength (IS) affect the fate (i.e. size and colloidal stability) of an SC formulation containing the pyrethroid β-cyfluthrin. The response surfaces determined under a range of environmentally relevant conditions were then used to assess the toxicity of the SC formulation of β-cyfluthrin to D. magna. The changes in hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) and colloidal stability as determined by zeta potential measurement were closely related to either or both of the change in pH and IS with the linear factor of IS being the most significant factor affecting those changes. Thus, the concentration of SC formulation of β-cyfluthrin remaining in the water column was dependent on the pH and IS conditions and highest when the colloidal suspension contained small particles or a lack of agglomeration leading to sedimentation of the particles. The toxicity results show correspondingly higher toxicity to D. magna when exposed to the SC formulation of β-cyfluthrin when pH and IS conditions favor formation of either the smallest HDD or most stable colloidal suspensions.

화학적 및 생물학적 모니터링 데이터를 통합하기 위한 편최소제곱회귀법 적용

손진오(Jino Son),조기종(Kijong Cho) 환경독성보건학회 2017 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.10

Ecotoxicological evaluation for contaminated abandoned mine soils using Heterocypris incongruens

Yongeun Kim,Jino Son,Hyoung-ho Mo,Yun-Sik Lee,Myeong seob Kim,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Soil contamination can be one path for stream and groundwater contamination. In this study, the toxicity of soils sampled in the vicinity of the abandoned mine located in the Gyeonggi province was evaluated using freshwater organisms Heterocypris incongruens. Two different exposure scenarios, one is in the aqueous only exposure, and the other is in the aqueous + soil exposure. The seven different soil samples were tested depending on the contamination level; reference (1 soil), moderately contaminated (4 soils) and highly contaminated (2 soils). In the toxicity tests, H. incongruens were exposed to water extracts (aqueous only exposure) and soils (aqueous + soil exposure) which were serially two-fold diluted with either EPA moderate hardwater or clean sand, respectively. After 6 days of exposure, no significant impact on the survival was found in the both systems for reference soil, while only significant impact was found in the aqueous + soil system for moderately contaminated soil. And the survival of H. incongruens was dramatically decreased with decreasing dilution series for highly contaminated soils. Interestingly, the toxicity of aqueous + soil system was higher than that of aqueous only system, implying the exposure of chemicals to H. incongruens may be a consequence of its foraging behavior onto the surface of sediment. From the results of this study, the freshwater organism H. incongruens can be used as surrogate test species to assess the soil contamination.

Ecotoxicological evaluation for contaminated abandoned mine soils using Daphnia magna

Myeong seob Kim,Jino Son,Hyoung-ho Mo,Yongeun Kim,Yun-Sik Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Sedimentation of soil particles in water is perhaps the most significant pathway to contamination of aquatic ecosystems. In this scenario, the use of freshwater organisms for assessing sediment toxicity will be considered more ecologically relevant than tests that use aqueous soil extracts. To evaluate the toxicity of soils sampled in the vicinity of the abandoned mine located in the Gyeonggi province, Daphnia magna were exposed to a 1:4 of soil to water which soil samples were serially two-fold serially diluted with clean sand to concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 % % (w/w) for 24- and 48-h. Irrespective of exposure time, the survival of D. magna for reference soil was not decreased, while the survival of D. magna showed high sensitivity to the soils with moderate as well as high metal concentrations. Moreover, the heavy metal concentrations in the water samples increased with increasing the heavy metal concentrations in the soils, which indicates the increased sensitivity is the consequences of the bioavailable fraction of contaminants in soils. These results clearly showed that the freshwater organism D. magna can be used as test species to assess the potential impact of soil contaminants into aquatic ecosystems.