CDH17 nanobodies facilitate rapid imaging of gastric cancer and efficient delivery of immunotoxin

Jingbo Ma,Xiaolong Xu,Chunjin Fu,Peng Xia,Ming Tian,Liuhai Zheng,Kun Chen,Xiaolian Liu,Yilei Li,Le Yu,Qinchang Zhu,Yangyang Yu,Rongrong Fan,Haibo Jiang,Zhifen Li,Chuanbin Yang,Chengchao Xu,Ying Long,J 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Background: It is highly desirable to develop new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer given the low survival rate despite improvement in the past decades. Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a membrane protein highly expressed in cancers of digestive system. Nanobody represents a novel antibody format for cancer targeted imaging and drug delivery. Nanobody targeting CHD17 as an imaging probe and a delivery vehicle of toxin remains to be explored for its theragnostic potential in gastric cancer. Methods: Naïve nanobody phage library was screened against CDH17 Domain 1-3 and identified nanobodies were extensively characterized with various assays. Nanobodies labeled with imaging probe were tested in vitro and in vivo for gastric cancer detection. A CDH17 Nanobody fused with toxin PE38 was evaluated for gastric cancer inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Results: Two nanobodies (A1 and E8) against human CDH17 with high affinity and high specificity were successfully obtained. These nanobodies could specifically bind to CDH17 protein and CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells. E8 nanobody as a lead was extensively determined for tumor imaging and drug delivery. It could efficiently co-localize with CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells in zebrafish embryos and rapidly visualize the tumor mass in mice within 3 h when conjugated with imaging dyes. E8 nanobody fused with toxin PE38 showed excellent anti-tumor effect and remarkably improved the mice survival in cell-derived (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The immunotoxin also enhanced the anti-tumor effect of clinical drug 5-Fluorouracil. Conclusions: The study presents a novel imaging and drug delivery strategy by targeting CDH17. CDH17 nanobodybased immunotoxin is potentially a promising therapeutic modality for clinical translation against gastric cancer.

Geographical distribution patterns of Metaeuchromius in Asia and description of a new species from China (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)

Jingbo Yang,Wei Liu,Weichun Li 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3

The geographical distribution patterns of Asian Metaeuchromius are analysed with MaxEnt and ArcGIS based on known localities and nineteen environmental variables. The results suggest that the most highly suitable area of the genus located in southeastern China. Precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18) and temperature seasonality (Bio4) are the most significant variables affecting geographical distribution Metaeuchromius. Furthermore, a new species from Jiangxi Province, southeast China is added to the genus, Metaeuchromius grandispinata Li, sp. nov. Its habitus, tympanic organs and genitalia are illustrated, and two maps showing geographical distribution patterns of Metaeuchromius in Asia are provided.

Study on the Evolution Principles of Aircraft Engine Exhaust

Jingbo Zhao,Da Chen 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Airport activities emit both particulate and gaseous emissions (Unal et al., 2005) and are a significant source of local gas- and particle-phase pollutants (Westerdahl et al., 2008). These emissions affect public health (Lin et al., 2008) and local air quality by increasing pollutant concentrations, e.g., ultrafine particulate matter (PM) number concentrations, at the surrounding residential areas (Hudda et al., 2016). Due to the influence of meteorological conditions, the atmospheric environment and background pollutants together with the physicochemical characteristics of aircraft exhaust varied significantly after emitted into the atmosphere. In this regard, we designed the exhaust monitoring system to monitor aircraft exhaust emissions. Based on the integrated exhaust monitoring system of the aircraft, sampling points are set at different distances (1 m, 10 m, 30 m) behind the engine. Meteorological parameters (including temperature and humidity), the concentration of various gaseous pollutants (including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, etc.) and physicochemical properties (such as particle size distribution, chemical composition, optical properties, etc.) of particulate matter are measured online, in order to analyze the characteristic changes of gaseous and particulate matters at different distances behind aircraft engines. The morphology evolution of particulate matter was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The evolution trend of engine exhaust near the engine area was summarized under different working conditions, and the main factors that affect these changes were identified, such as temperature gradient, pollutant concentration level, engine working conditions, etc. Based on the theory of gas-solid allocation of semi-volatile substances, the evolution of gas-solid allocation of semi-volatile pollutants emitted by aircraft was studied by using VBS and other volatile models. With the comprehensive three-dimensional detection of airport atmospheric environment, multi-point enhanced observations in downwind areas of aircraft emissions is designed to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants in airports with high time resolution. The evolution of aircraft exhaust pollutants in airports was determined by the temporal and spatial variations of the ratios of pollutant concentrations to CO₂ (e.g., particle concentration/DCO₂). The influence of meteorological factors, such as temperature, humidity, illumination, etc. on the evolution of aircraft exhaust characteristics was identified based on the airport micrometeorological field data. Above all, the on-line monitoring of aircraft exhausts could optimize the accuracy of airport quality model, thus providing a promising tool for future air governance.

Coordinated Attitude Control for Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellites with Quantization and Communication Delay

Jingbo Fu,Ming Liu,Huayi Li,Xibin Cao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.7

This paper studies the coordinated attitude control problem of synthetic aperture radar satellites andproposes two types of terminal sliding mode control schemes. The first control law is investigated based on theconventional non-singular terminal sliding mode approach and modified Rodrigues parameters with the consideration of signal quantization and communication delay. Based on the first control scheme, we develop the secondcontrol method with an integral-based event triggering condition to reduce the updating frequency of the controlcommand from controllers to actuators. Finally, numerical simulation examples based on a cluster of three satellitesare presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed two designed control methods.

Salient Object Detection via Adaptive Region Merging

( Jingbo Zhou ),( Jiyou Zhai ),( Yongfeng Ren ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.9

Most existing salient object detection algorithms commonly employed segmentation techniques to eliminate background noise and reduce computation by treating each segment as a processing unit. However, individual small segments provide little information about global contents. Such schemes have limited capability on modeling global perceptual phenomena. In this paper, a novel salient object detection algorithm is proposed based on region merging. An adaptive-based merging scheme is developed to reassemble regions based on their color dissimilarities. The merging strategy can be described as that a region R is merged with its adjacent region Q if Q has the lowest dissimilarity with Q among all Q`s adjacent regions. To guide the merging process, superpixels that located at the boundary of the image are treated as the seeds. However, it is possible for a boundary in the input image to be occupied by the foreground object. To avoid this case, we optimize the boundary influences by locating and eliminating erroneous boundaries before the region merging. We show that even though three simple region saliency measurements are adopted for each region, encouraging performance can be obtained. Experiments on four benchmark datasets including MSRA-B, SOD, SED and iCoSeg show the proposed method results in uniform object enhancement and achieve state-of-the-art performance by comparing with nine existing methods.

Background Prior-based Salient Object Detection via Adaptive Figure-Ground Classification

( Jingbo Zhou ),( Jiyou Zhai ),( Yongfeng Ren ),( Ali Lu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, a novel background prior-based salient object detection framework is proposed to deal with images those are more complicated. We take the superpixels located in four borders into consideration and exploit a mechanism based on image boundary information to remove the foreground noises, which are used to form the background prior. Afterward, an initial foreground prior is obtained by selecting superpixels that are the most dissimilar to the background prior. To determine the regions of foreground and background based on the prior of them, a threshold is needed in this process. According to a fixed threshold, the remaining superpixels are iteratively assigned based on their proximity to the foreground or background prior. As the threshold changes, different foreground priors generate multiple different partitions that are assigned a likelihood of being foreground. Last, all segments are combined into a saliency map based on the idea of similarity voting. Experiments on five benchmark databases demonstrate the proposed method performs well when it compares with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.

The 14-3-3 Gene Function of Cryptococcus neoformans Is Required for its Growth and Virulence

( Jingbo Li ),( Yun C. Chang ),( Chun Hua Wu ),( Jennifer Liu ),( Kyung J. Kwon Chung ),( Sheng He Huang ),( Hiro Shimada ),( Rob Fante ),( Xiaowei Fu ),( Ambrose Jong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.5

Cryptococcus neoformans is a life-threatening pathogenic yeast that causes devastating meningoencephalitis. The mechanism of cryptococcal brain invasion is largely unknown, and recent studies suggest that its extracellular microvesicles may be involved in the invasion process. The 14-3-3 protein is abundant in the extracellular microvesicles of C. neoformans, and the 14-3-3-GFP fusion has been used as the microvesicle’s marker. However, the physiological role of 14-3-3 has not been explored. In this report, we have found that C. neoformans contains a single 14-3-3 gene that apparently is an essential gene. To explore the functions of 14-3-3, we substituted the promoter region of the 14-3-3 with the copper-controllable promoter CTR4. The CTR4 regulatory strain showed an enlarged cell size, drastic changes in morphology, and a decrease in the thickness of the capsule under copper-enriched conditions. Furthermore, the mutant cells produced a lower amount of total proteins in their extracellular microvesicles and reduced adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Proteomic analyses of the protein components under 14-3-3-overexpressed and -suppressed conditions revealed that the 14-3-3 function(s) might be associated with the microvesicle biogenesis. Our results support that 14-3-3 has diverse pertinent roles in both physiology and pathogenesis in C. neoformans. Its gene functions are closely relevant to the pathogenesis of this fungus.

A New Connected Coherence Tree Algorithm For Image Segmentation

( Jingbo Zhou ),( Shangbing Gao ),( Zhong Jin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.4

In this paper, we propose a new multi-scale connected coherence tree algorithm (MCCTA) by improving the connected coherence tree algorithm (CCTA). In contrast to many multi-scale image processing algorithms, MCCTA works on multiple scales space of an image and can adaptively change the parameters to capture the coarse and fine level details. Furthermore, we design a Multi-scale Connected Coherence Tree algorithm plus Spectral graph partitioning (MCCTSGP) by combining MCCTA and Spectral graph partitioning in to a new framework. Specifically, the graph nodes are the regions produced by CCTA and the image pixels, and the weights are the affinities between nodes. Then we run a spectral graph partitioning algorithm to partition on the graph which can consider the information both from pixels and regions to improve the quality of segments for providing image segmentation. The experimental results on Berkeley image database demonstrate the accuracy of our algorithm as compared to existing popular methods.

Database Performance Optimization for SQL Server Based on Hierarchical Queuing Network Model

Jingbo Shao,Xiaoxiao Liu,Yingmei Li,Jingyu Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.1

With the ever-increasing complexity and variety of database workload, database application system has been imposed on higher and higher performance requirements. Database system consists of software and hardware. And the factors that affect database performance are uncertain. In order to tackle the issue of database system for SQL server, this paper proposes hierarchical queuing network model for performance prediction, and a model is established for both software resources and hardware resources, the nested resources are linearized by hierarchical calling, thus finding out the main factors for system performance bottleneck, and system performance is adjusted and optimized accordingly. The performance tuning algorithm for SQL server database based on the hierarchical queuing network is presented in detail. And TPC-C benchmark is adopted for simulation. Experimental results show the proposed method achieves 16.8% performance increase on average, and TPS is improved by 40% compared to previous method.

OPT-VCG: A Novel Proposal for 3D SoC Test Optimization

Jingbo Shao,Yongqing Fu,Xiaoxiao Liu,Guohui Zhou 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

As an emerging technology for on-chip interconnect scaling in vertical direction in semiconductor industry, through-silicon-via (TSV) demonstrates its advantages and has been adopted for 3D SoC implementation. Optimal test architecture and test scheduling are significant for stacked 3D SoC design. However existing design methods cannot achieve both optimal test time and individual rationality. In this paper, game theory based 3D SoC test architecture optimization and test scheduling method is proposed under constraints of the available number of TSVs for test time minimization and rational test band width allocation. VCG algorithm is brought to 3D SoC design. Three kinds of stacked SoCs are built using ITC’02 SoC test benchmarks, and experimental results on them show the advantages of the proposed method over prior work.