The Limiting Sequence and Proper Ratio of Lysine, Methionine and Threonine for Calves Fed Milk Replacers Containing Soy Protein

Wang, Jianhong,Diao, Qiyu,Tu, Yan,Zhang, Naifeng,Xu, Xiancha Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

The limiting sequence and relative ratio of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), and threonine (Thr) for calves about 2 mo of age fed milk replacers (MR) containing soy protein are not clearly defined. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of supplementing MR containing 22% CP, half from soy protein concentrate (SPC, 40.56% CP, flour) and half from whey proteins, with Lys, Met, and Thr to estimate amino acid (AA) sequence and their relative ratio for calves about 2 mo of age. A method of partial deduction of AA was adopted. Twenty-four newborn calves (half males and half females, $40.7{\pm}0.9$ kg of BW) were fed 1 of 4 MR diets for 56 d (n = 6/diet). The diets were supplemented with all (positive control) or with 2 of the 3 AAs: Lys, Met and Thr, (i.e., PC (22% CP, 2.34% Lys, 0.72% Met and 1.80% Thr), PC-Lys (22% CP, 1.64% Lys, 0.72% Met and 1.80% Thr), PC-Met (22% CP, 2.34% Lys, 0.50% Met and 1.80% Thr), and PC-Thr (22% CP, 2.34% Lys, 0.72% Met and 1.26% Thr)). Calves were fed thrice daily; starter (20% CP, 1.03% Lys, 0.30% Met and 0.69% Thr), hay (3.23% CP, 0.29% Lys, 0.12% Met and 0.23% Thr) and water were offered free choice. Starter and hay were only offered beginning on d 36 (after 5 wk) and d 43 (after 6 wk), respectively. BW, body size and blood samples measures were taken every two weeks. Three-day total collection of feed refusals, feces, and urine were recorded starting at d 33 and d 54 of age, respectively. From the results, the limiting sequence and relative ratio between the 3 AAs in calves with different diet structures were calculated. The limiting sequence of the 3 AAs were ranked as Lys, Met and Thr; the proper ratio was 100:29:70 for MR-only diet and 100:30:60 for diets consisted of MR, starter and hay. Nitrogen digestion and utilization and nutrient digestibility were negatively affected by AA deletion treatments. From the evidence of this experiment, it did not appear that the AA limiting sequence was selectively altered by differences in diet structures such as would be encountered in practice. The relative ratio between the 3 AAs varied with the offer of starter and hay to calves, and the average ratio was 100:29.5:65 for calves during 2 to 10 wk of age.

Effects of Dietary Coconut Oil as a Medium-chain Fatty Acid Source on Performance, Carcass Composition and Serum Lipids in Male Broilers

Jianhong Wang,Xiaoxiao Wang,Juntao Li,Yiqiang Chen,Wenjun Yang,Liying Zhang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

Towards Modernization : Challenges for Early Childhood Education in China

Jianhong Wang 한국유아교육학회 1996 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.1 No.1

In today‘s society, China has realized the vital function of early childhood education and its lasting effects on a child‘s development throughout life. Many parents, especially parents in big cities, are willing to invest, no matter the cost, into their child‘s education including early childhood education. This attitude coincides with the country‘s current profound and speedy social changes. The central task of economic construction leads to tremendous achievements and the national strategy of vitalizing the country by developing science and education. Consequently, a gigantic project of pursuing educational modernization is gradually in the making. Meanwhile many problems remain in our education system, which certainly cannot meet the society‘s demands for qualified personnel at present and in the future, and therefore, calling for a deep reform in all levels of education. As the starting point of a person‘s educational life, early childhood education is now facing significant challenges as it leans towards modernization.

A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Korean Tourism Legislation

Jianhong Wang,Xinmiao Yang,Yumeng Li 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.10 No.3

In the face of today's thriving global tourism sector, China and South Korea, as two Asian tourism powerhouses, have each adopted unique laws, rules, and policies to manage their thriving tourism industries. Although both countries have achieved impressive accomplishments in tourism development, their tourism management legislation differs, which may result in differing management outcomes. This paper investigates the similarities and differences in tourism management legislation in China and South Korea, and provides a comparative analysis across a variety of dimensions, including legislative background, laws and regulations, regulatory bodies, and the protection of tourists' rights and interests. This paper uses a comparative research methodology to provide valuable insights for tourism policymakers, practitioners, and scholars to help them better understand the characteristics of tourism management in the two countries, to promote the improvement of tourism management legislation in China and South Korea, to facilitate the sustainable development of the tourism industry, to improve service quality, and to protect the rights and interests of tour operators.

Effect of social order, perch, and dust-bath allocation on behavior in laying hens

Wang Yanan,Zhang Runxiang,Wang Lisha,Li Jianhong,Su Yingying,Li Xiang,Bao Jun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.2

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different social ranking order (SRO) and the enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (EA) on behavior of laying hens in furnished cages. Methods: Total experimental period was 4 weeks. There were 216 Hy-line brown layers beak-trimmed at 1 d of age and selected randomly at 14 weeks of age from a commercial farm, and randomly divided into 36 cages with 6 hens in each cage. High enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (HEA) and low enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (LEA) were provided. Video observations of behavior were obtained from the focal hens between 14 and 18 weeks of age and perching, dust-bathing and other general behaviors of the hens with different social orders were measured. Results: Perching behavior of high SRO hens (HSR) were significantly higher than that of medium SRO hens (MSR), and that of the MSR were significantly higher than that of low SRO hens (LSR) (p<0.01), except for lying on perch (p>0.05). The hens in the high EA cage (HEAC) showed more lying behavior on perch than those in the low EA cage (LEAC) (p< 0.01). The different SRO and EA did not affect dust-bathing behavior except vertical wingshaking behavior (p<0.05). The LEA did not affect general behaviors (p>0.05), except standing and preening behaviors (p<0.01 and p<0.05), of which the hens in the HEAC showed less standing (p<0.01) and more preening behavior than the hens in the LEAC. Conclusion: The SRO of laying hens has a significant effect on the perching behaviors, but SRO and EA have little effect on dust-bathing and general behaviors. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different social ranking order (SRO) and the enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (EA) on behavior of laying hens in furnished cages.Methods: Total experimental period was 4 weeks. There were 216 Hy-line brown layers beak-trimmed at 1 d of age and selected randomly at 14 weeks of age from a commercial farm, and randomly divided into 36 cages with 6 hens in each cage. High enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (HEA) and low enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (LEA) were provided. Video observations of behavior were obtained from the focal hens between 14 and 18 weeks of age and perching, dust-bathing and other general behaviors of the hens with different social orders were measured.Results: Perching behavior of high SRO hens (HSR) were significantly higher than that of medium SRO hens (MSR), and that of the MSR were significantly higher than that of low SRO hens (LSR) (p<0.01), except for lying on perch (p>0.05). The hens in the high EA cage (HEAC) showed more lying behavior on perch than those in the low EA cage (LEAC) (p<0.01). The different SRO and EA did not affect dust-bathing behavior except vertical wing-shaking behavior (p<0.05). The LEA did not affect general behaviors (p>0.05), except standing and preening behaviors (p<0.01 and p<0.05), of which the hens in the HEAC showed less standing (p<0.01) and more preening behavior than the hens in the LEAC.Conclusion: The SRO of laying hens has a significant effect on the perching behaviors, but SRO and EA have little effect on dust-bathing and general behaviors.

Effects of Dietary Coconut Oil as a Medium-chain Fatty Acid Source on Performance, Carcass Composition and Serum Lipids in Male Broilers

Wang, Jianhong,Wang, Xiaoxiao,Li, Juntao,Chen, Yiqiang,Yang, Wenjun,Zhang, Liying Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

Beyond Canonical PROTAC: Biological targeted protein degradation (bioTPD)

Huifang Wang,Runhua Zhou,Fushan Xu,Kongjun Yang,Liuhai Zheng,Pan Zhao,Guangwei Shi,Lingyun Dai,Chengchao Xu,Le Yu,Zhijie Li,Jianhong Wang,Jigang Wang 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging therapeutic strategy with the potential to modulate disease associated proteins that have previously been considered undruggable, by employing the host destructionmachinery. The exploration and discovery of cellular degradation pathways, including but not limited toproteasomes and lysosome pathways as well as their degraders, is an area of active research. Since the conceptof proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) was introduced in 2001, the paradigm of TPD has been greatlyexpanded and moved from academia to industry for clinical translation, with small-molecule TPD being particularlyrepresented. As an indispensable part of TPD, biological TPD (bioTPD) technologies including peptide-, fusionprotein-, antibody-, nucleic acid-based bioTPD and others have also emerged and undergone significantadvancement in recent years, demonstrating unique and promising activities beyond those of conventional small molecule TPD. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in bioTPD technologies, summarize theircompositional features and potential applications, and briefly discuss their drawbacks. Moreover, we present somestrategies to improve the delivery efficacy of bioTPD, addressing their challenges in further clinical development.

Identification of loci affecting teat number by genome-wide association studies on three pig populations

Tang, Jianhong,Zhang, Zhiyan,Yang, Bin,Guo, Yuanmei,Ai, Huashui,Long, Yi,Su, Ying,Cui, Leilei,Zhou, Liyu,Wang, Xiaopeng,Zhang, Hui,Wang, Chengbin,Ren, Jun,Huang, Lusheng,Ding, Nengshui Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.1

Objective: Three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a meta-analysis of GWAS were conducted to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying variation in pig teat number. Methods: We performed three GWAS and a meta-analysis for teat number on three pig populations, including a White Duroc${\times}$Erhualian $F_2$ resource population (n = 1,743), a Chinese Erhualian pig population (n = 320) and a Chinese Sutai pig population (n = 383). Results: We detected 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that surpassed the genome-wide significant level on Sus Scrofa chromosomes (SSC) 1, 7, and 12 in the $F_2$ resource population, corresponding to four loci for pig teat number. We highlighted vertnin (VRTN) and lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) as two interesting candidate genes at the loci on SSC7 and SSC12. No significant associated SNPs were identified in the meta-analysis of GWAS. Conclusion: The results verified the complex genetic architecture of pig teat number. The causative variants for teat number may be different in the three populations

The Rise of Sikh Empire and Its Influence on the Indian Subcontinent

Huazhong Tu(Huazhong Tu),Yili Zhang(Yili Zhang),Jianhong Wang(Jianhong Wang) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.9 No.1

The Sikh Empire was a major power in the Indian subcontinent during the 19th century. It was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1799 and lasted until its annexation by the British Empire in 1849. The empire was based in the Punjab region, and its capital was the city of Lahore. Maharaja Ranjit Singh unified the various Sikh factions in the region and expanded the empire to include much of the Punjab, as well as parts of present-day Afghanistan, Kashmir. The Sikh Empire was known for its religious tolerance and military prowess, and it was a major regional power in South Asia. The culture of the empire was a mix of Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh traditions. The empire was eventually defeated by the British Raj in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, but its legacy remains to this day. This essay explores the Sikh Empire's ascent from the late 18th century to its fall in the middle of the 19th century. and its lasting impact on the Indian subcontinent. It looks at the rise of the Sikh Empire under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the consolidation of the Sikh Empire, and how its political and military power was used to shape the region. It considers the political influence of the Sikh Empire, its impact on culture, art, and literature, and how it left a legacy of religious and political tolerance and an appreciation of diversity in the region. The demise of the Sikh Empire and its legacy in contemporary India are covered last. The paper concludes that the Sikh Empire had a significant part in shaping the Indian subcontinent's history and culture.

Study on Resistance Monitoring, Resistance Selection and Biochemical Characterization of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

Jianhong Li,Feng Zhao,Mo Wang,Fuxing Zhu 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05