Effects of Furnished Cage Type on Behavior and Welfare of Laying Hens

Li, Xiang,Chen, Donghua,Li, Jianhong,Bao, Jun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.6

This study was conducted to compare the effects of layout of furniture (a perch, nest, and sandbox) in cages on behavior and welfare of hens. Two hundred and sixteen Hyline Brown laying hens were divided into five groups (treatments) with four replicates per group: small furnished cages (SFC), medium furnished cages type I (MFC-I), medium furnished cages type II (MFC-II), and medium furnished cages type III (MFC-III) and conventional cages (CC). The experiment started at 18 week of age and finished at 52 week of age. Hens' behaviors were filmed during the following periods: 8:00 to 10:00; 13:00 to 14:00; 16:00 to 17:00 on three separate days and two hens from each cage were measured for welfare parameters at 50 wk of age. The results showed that feeding and laying of all hens showed no effect by cage type (p>0.05), and the hens in the furnished cages had significantly lower standing and higher walking than CC hens (p<0.05). The birds in MFC-III had significant higher preening, scratching and feather-pecking behavior than in the other cages (p<0.05). No difference in nesting behavior was found in the hens between the furnished cages (p>0.05). The hens in MFC-I, -II, and -III showed a significant higher socializing behavior than SFC and CC (p<0.05). The lowest perching was for the hens in SFC and the highest perching found for the hens in MFC-III. Overall, the hens in CC showed poorer welfare conditions than the furnished cages, in which the feather condition score, gait score and tonic immobility duration of the hens in CC was significantly higher than SFC, MFC-I, MFC-II, and MFC-III (p<0.05). In conclusion, the furnished cage design affected both behavior and welfare states of hens. Overall, MFC-III cage design was better than SFC, MFC-I, and MFC-II cage designs.

Genetic Analysis of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella, Collected from China Using Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequence

Li, Jianhong,Choi, Yong Soo,Kim, Iksoo,Sohn, Hung Dae,Jin, Byung Rae Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.1

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is notorious because of its extensive potential and actual dispersal ability. Previously, the Korean populations of P. xylostella was extensively collected and analyzed for their genetic population structure using a portion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One of the postulated characteristics on population genetic structure of the species includes the presence of heterogeneous haplotypes, possibly possessed by some dispersed ones from neighboring countries. In this study, we sequenced ten P. xylostella collected from China (∼2,000 km away from the middle part of Korea) to know the genetic relationships of these to the Korean P. xylostella. Sequence analysis of the identical portion of COI gene resulted in five haplotypes with the sequence divergence ranging from 0.5% (two nucleotides) to 1.1 % (five nucleotides) among them and from 0.7% (three) to 2.5% (11) to the pre-existing 52 Korean haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Chinese P. xylostella were neither clearly separated from the Korean haplotypes nor clustered with one heterogeneous Korean haplotype. This result reinforces the significance of gene flow in this species and suggests to exclude the possibility that the heterogeneous Korean haplotypes may have emigrated from China, where our samples were obtained, although further extensive investigation is required.

Study on Resistance Monitoring, Resistance Selection and Biochemical Characterization of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

Jianhong Li,Feng Zhao,Mo Wang,Fuxing Zhu 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05

Improving the Carbon Macrosegregation in High-Carbon Steel by an Electric Current Pulse

Jianhong Ma,Jie Li,Yulai Gao,Lixing Jia,Zheng Li,Qijie Zhai 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.4

Thus far, the relationship between the macrosegregation and refinement of solidification structures in metals is not clearly understood. In this paper, the effect of an electric current pulse (ECP) on the refinement of the solidification structure as well as carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel was investigated. The experimental results revealed that if central porosity exists in the solidification structure, the carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel cannot be improved by applying an ECP, although increased equiaxed dendrites and a reduced primary dendritic arm in a solidification structure were obtained after an ingot was exposed to an ECP. In contrast, after central porosity was eliminated, carbon macrosegregation was improved through the refinement of the solidification structure in high-carbon steel through the use of an ECP. Thus far, the relationship between the macrosegregation and refinement of solidification structures in metals is not clearly understood. In this paper, the effect of an electric current pulse (ECP) on the refinement of the solidification structure as well as carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel was investigated. The experimental results revealed that if central porosity exists in the solidification structure, the carbon macrosegregation in high-carbon steel cannot be improved by applying an ECP, although increased equiaxed dendrites and a reduced primary dendritic arm in a solidification structure were obtained after an ingot was exposed to an ECP. In contrast, after central porosity was eliminated, carbon macrosegregation was improved through the refinement of the solidification structure in high-carbon steel through the use of an ECP.

Advances of Research on Bacterial Insecticides in China

Li Jianhong 한국생명과학회 2003 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.40 No.-

Exterior egg quality as affected by enrichment resources layout in furnished laying-hen cages

Li, Xiang,Chen, Donghua,Meng, Fanyu,Su, Yingying,Wang, Lisha,Zhang, Runxiang,Li, Jianhong,Bao, Jun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of enrichment resources (a perch, dustbath, and nest) layout in furnished laying-hen cages (FC) on exterior quality of eggs. Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight (168) Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 16 weeks of age were randomly distributed to four treatments: small furnished cages (SFC), medium furnished cages type I (MFC-I), medium furnished cages type II (MFC-II), and medium furnished cages type III (MFC-III). Each treatment had 4 replicates or cages with 6 hens for SFC (24 birds for each SFC) and 12 hen/cage for MFC-I, -II, and -III (48 birds for each MFC-I, -II and -III). Following a 2-week acclimation, data collection started at 18 weeks of age and continued till 52 weeks of age. Dirtiness of egg surface or cracked shell as indicators of the exterior egg quality were recorded each week. Results: The results showed that the proportion of cracked or dirty eggs was significantly affected by the FC type (p<0.01) in that the highest proportion of cracked or dirty eggs was found in MFC-I and the lowest proportion of dirty eggs in SFC. The results of this showed that furnished cage types affected both dirty eggs and cracked eggs (p<0.01). The results also indicated that not nest but dustbath lead to more dirty eggs. Only MFC-I had higher dirty eggs at nest than other FC (p<0.01). The results of dirty eggs in MFC-I and MFC-II compared with SFC and MFC-III seemed suggest that a low position of dustbath led to more dirty eggs. Conclusion: SFC design affected exterior egg quality and the low position of dustbath in FC resulted in higher proportion of dirty eggs.

Efficacy of an adhesive nanopesticide on insect pests of rice in field trials

Gao Yunhao,Li Donglin,Li Dongyang,Xu Pengfei,Mao Kaikai,Zhang Yunhua,Qin Xueying,Tang Tao,Wan Hu,Li Jianhong,Guo Mingcheng,He Shun 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

Nanopesticides with antiwashing capacity on leaves are the most promising new approaches for sustainable pest management and have been fully evaluated in the laboratory. However, few studies have tested these nanopesticides on pests, and their efficacy under field conditions has not been investigated. In this study, an adhesive hollow mesoporous silica hybrid with well-defined spherical shape and good monodispersity was used as a nanocarrier of cyantraniliprole (CNAP) to fabricate an adhesive nanopesticide (CNAP-HMS-PDAAM). The control efficacy of CNAP-HMS-PDAAM was tested under field conditions. The results indicated that the efficacy of four doses of CNAP-HMS-PDAAM (30.0–69.0 g a.i./ha) against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guénee) 3, 7, and 14 days after spraying did not significantly differ from that of Benevia (34.5 g a.i./ha). Twenty-eight days after spraying, the efficacy of all four doses of CNAP-HMS-PDAAM was significantly better than that of Benevia. Additionally, the efficacy of CNAP-HMS-PDAAM at doses of 34.5, 39.0 and 69.0 g a.i./ha against Chilo suppressalis (Walker) were significantly higher than that of Benevia (34.5 g a.i./ha). Thus, CNAP-HMS-PDAAM showed long-term control efficacies against C. medinalis (Guénee) and C. suppressalis (Walker), mainly due to its strong adhesive property on rice leaves and its sustained release properties. In addition, the nanocarriers showed good biocompatibility and had no obvious influence on the growth of rice.

DNA sequence variation of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) evidenced by mitochondrial A+T-rich region

Xinlong Wan,Jianhong Li,Hyung Uk Jeong,Hyung Keun Oh,Min Jee Kim,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

In order to understand the nature of population genetic structure of the notorious pest insect, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a total of 159 individuals of the tobacco cutworm collected from six Korean and five Chinese localities were cloned and sequenced their mitochondrial A+T-rich region. A total of 90 haplotypes ranged 324 bp ~ 372 bp in length and 0.30% ~ 4.85% in sequence divergence. Compared to the preliminary mitochondrial COI gene sequence data that provided nearly identical sequences in all samples, the A+T-rich region provided substantially high sequence variation, validating the applicability of this molecule to the study of intraspecific variation. Overall, a very high per generation migration ratio (Nm = 5.91 ~ infinite), a very low level of genetic fixation (FST = 0 ~ 0.077796), and no discernable isolated population were noted to exist among populations of S. litura, although some significant genetic differentiations were found between several pairs of populations. These results collectively suggest that the S. litura populations in both Korea and China are very well interrelated to each other. The structural analysis revealed that the S. litura A+T-rich region harbored two stretches of the [TA(A)]n sequence, the poly-A stretch, and a stem-and-loop structure that are well found in other lepidopteran A+T-rich region. Furthermore, the region harbors the 13 ~ 19-bp long T stretch and 5-bp long motif that have been suggested to function as a possible recognition site for the initiation of replication of the minor strand of mtDNA also were found.

DNA Sequence Variation of the Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Determined by Mitochondrial A+T-rich Region and Nuclear ITS2 Sequences

Xinlong Wan,Jianhong Li,Hyung Uk Jeong,Min Jee Kim,Hae Chul Park,Sung Soo Kim,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

In an effort to gain a better understanding of the nature of the population genetic structure of the pest insect, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), tobacco cutworms were collected from six Korean and five Chinese localities and their mitochondrial A+T-rich region and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions were cloned and sequenced. A total of 106 A+T-rich region haplotypes and 92 ITS2 sequence types were obtained from 158 individuals. Compared to the preliminary mitochondrial COI gene sequence data that provided all identical sequence types in all samples, the A+T-rich region and nuclear ITS2 are highly variable. Overall, a low level of genetic fixation in the A+T-rich region (FST = 0 ~ 0.02965) and nuclear ITS2 (FST = 0 ~ 0.34491), and no discernable isolated population was noted to exist among most S. litura populations. The presence of a majority of within-population variations, rather than variations among populations or between China and Korea, indicates that the S. litura populations are composed of heterogeneous individuals. The fixation index at hierarchical level of among regions shows no significance, suggesting that the S. litura populations in both Korea and China are profoundly interrelated with one another. This finding is in accord with the current knowledge that S. litura has sufficient flight capacity for dispersal.

Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation of the Rice Leaf Roller, Cnapahalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Structural Analysis of the A+T-rich Region

Xinlong Wan,Hyung Keun Oh,Jianhong Li,Taw Hwa Kang,Byung Rae Jin,Iksoo Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

The rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocroci smedinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a leaf-feeding pest of rice world-widely distributed. For better understanding of the pest insect, geographic sequence variation of the species were performed using the mitochondrial A+T-rich region, with the samples collected from seven Korean and six Chinese localities. A total of 94 haplotypes obtained from 187 individuals showed the length variation, ranging from 339 bp to 348 bp. The maximum divergence of 4.57% appears to evidence a substantial sequence variation, indicating the applicability of this molecular marker to the study of geographic variation. Overall, a high per generation migration ratio (Nm = 3.67742 ~ infinite), a low level of genetic fixation (FST = 0 ~ 0.11969), and no discernable isolated population were noted in the most C. medinalis populations. AMOVA analysis to find out allocation of genetic variability of C. medinalis populations has shown allocation of majority of variation to the within-population, rather than among-populations and between-region, suggesting that the C. medinalis populations in both China and Korea are largely well connected. This result is consistent with current knowledge of the dispersal ability of the species. The structure analysis of the A+T-rich region has shown that the typical structural elements found in other lepidopteran insects also is well preserved in the C. medinalis A+T-rich region (i.e., a poly-T stretch and a microsatellite-like A/T repeat).