분말충진방법과 가공정도에 따른 Ag/BSCCO 초전도선재의 특성

지봉기,김태우,김정호,김중석,주진호 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 論文集 Vol.49 No.1

We evaluated the effects of processing variables on interface irregularity. microstructure. and resultant Jc of BSCCC superconductor tape. For the tapes made by PIT technique. the degree of interface irregularity was varied with powder packing methods and forming process variables. It was observed that the degree of interface irregularity of the tape by CIP method was more reduced. compared to that of the tape by ram method. In addition. the degree of interface irregularity was promoted with decreasing the dimension of tape during forming process. As the dimension of wire/tape were changed from diameter of 3.25mm to thickness of 200㎛ during forming process. Jc value was observed to be increased by 10 times. It was likely that the improvenment of Jc was mainly result from the enhanced texturing of 2223 grain. Microstructural investigation showed the degree of texturing was degraded by the existence of both second phases and interface irregularity. If the interface was flat, larger grain size and better texturing near interface were developed compared to those inside superconducting core, The improvements of microstructure near interface may be result of reaction between Ag and superconductor phase.

저소득 독거노인의 생활만족도 관련요인

강지연,전만중,유병철,이용환 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

Background : To access the influential factors of life satisfaction in low-income and living alone old people for solving the problem of the estranged elderly. Method : We conducted a questionnaire survey during the period from June 2007 till September 2007. Investigation subjects were 152 elderly people registered in two welfare centers in Busan. We measured life satisfaction of low-income and living alone old people and analyzed with descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and dummy variable regression analysis using SPSS Win(ver 12.0k) program. Result : The mean score of life satisfaction in low-income and living alone old people was 2.52 ± 0.56. Life satisfaction in low-income and living alone old people was relatively high in groups of 65-69 years old, elementary school graduates, subjectively healthy, exercise, hobby or leasure activity, regular repast, 3 times repast per day and income satisfaction. Life satisfaction in low-income and living alone old people was influenced by age, religion, satisfaction of income, subjective health conditions and regular repast. Conclusion : From the result, we can concluded that life satisfaction in low-income and living alone old people was low and influenced by various social and economic factors. Therefore, methods for improving life satisfaction level of low income and living alone old people are required for discerning our society's equality and healthiness.

국내 의료기관의 항생제 사용 실태와 규제 시스템 조사

방지환,송경호,박완범,김성한,조재현,김홍빈,김남중,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 이전 연구들에 따르면 아직까지 국내에서 불필요한 항생제 사용은 무시할 수 없는 수준이며, 특히, 수술환자들에 대한 예방적 항생제 투여가 문제로 지적되고 있다. 많은 병원에서 불필요한 항생제 처방을 제한하려는 노력을 하고 있지만 구체적인 현황에 대한 자료는 적은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구자 등은 국내 의료기관의 항생제 규제 시스템의 현황과 수술시 예방적 항생제 사용의 적정성을 알아보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 전임 감염내과 전문의가 근무하는 의료기관 55곳에 대해 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문의 내용은 적정한 항생제 사용을 유도하기 위한 정책 및 규제 프로그램, 실제 각 의료기관의 예방적 항생제 사용 현황 등으로 이루어져 있다. 결과 : 55개의 의료기관에 보낸 설문 중 44개가 회수되었다. 회신한 의료기관에서 항생제 처방 관리는 제한항생제 시스템을 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고(95.5%), 항생제에 대한 교육(79.5%), 전산시스템에서 관리(59.1%), 감염내과에 의뢰(54.5%), 항생제 사용 실적 검토(52.3%) 등의 순이었다. 대개의 병원에서 glycopeptides (100.0%), carbapenems (93.0%), quinupristin/dalfopristin 또는 linezolid(93.0%), 4세대 cephalosporin (74.4%), caspofungin 또는 voriconazole (62.8%), liposomal amphotericin B (60.5%) 등을 제한항생제로 분류하여 관리하고 있었다. 모든 의료기관에서 위절제술 및 유방절제술시에 불필요하게 예방적 항생제를 사용하고 있었다. 슬관절치환술의 경우 2세대 cephalosporin을 예방적으로 사용하는 경우가 가장 많았으며(30.2%), 관상동맥우회술의 경우 3세대 cephalosporin을 예방적으로 사용하는 경우가 가장 많았다(47.2%). 예방적 항생제의 투여 기간을 살펴보면 위절제술시 70.5%에서 4일을 초과하여 사용하고 있었고, 유방절제술시에는 63.6%에서, 슬관절치환술시에는 81.8%에서, 관동맥우회술시에는 81.1%에서 4일을 초과하여 장기간 예방적 항생제를 투여하고 있었다. 한편, 예방적 항생제 투여시 aminoglycoside계 항생제를 병용하는 경우도 많았다. 결론 : 아직까지 국내 의료기관에서 항생제 오남용을 막기 위한 노력이 더 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 특히 수술시 예방적 항생제의 올바른 투여에 많은 관심이 필요하다. Background : Previous studies in Korea showed that unnecessary antibiotic use could not be neglected, especially in prophylactic use. Currently many hospitals employ diverse antibiotic stewardship programs, but there are few studies on surveillance of such programs. So, we planned this study to evaluate current status of antimicrobial stewardship and adequacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Materials and Methods : We sent questionnaires about policy on antibiotic usage, control program for adequate antibiotic prescription, and actual status of prophylactic antibiotic usage to 55 infectious disease physicians in each hospital. Results : Of 55 contacted infectious diseases clinicians, 44 answered the questionnaire. Majority of hospitals employed restricted antimicrobial system (95.5%), education (79.5%), control by order communicating system (59.1%), consult to infectious disease physicians (59.1%), and review of cumulative antimicrobial usage (52.3%) to prevent inadequate antibiotic use. Glycopeptides were designated as a restricted antimicrobial agent in 100.0% of hospitals; carbapenems, 93.0%; quinupristin/ dalfopristin or linezolid, 93.0%; the 4th generation cephalosporins, 74.4%; caspofungin or voriconazole, 62.8%; liposomal amphotericin B, 60.5%, and so on. Unnecessary perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial agents were prescribed in gastrectomy and mastectomy in all the hospitals. The second generation cephalosporins and the third generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed prophylactic antimicrobial agents in total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) respectively. In 70.5% of institutes they use prophylactic antimicrobial agents more than four days in gastrectomy; 63.6% in mastectomy; 81.8% in TKRA; 81.1% in CABG. Unnecessary combination of aminoglycosides with other antimicrobial agents for prophylactic use was another common problem. Conclusion : This study shows that more effort is required to diminish antimicrobial misuse or overuse, especially in prophylactic use for surgical patients.

유성관광특구의 관광객 유치 촉진방안에 관한 연구

김시중,김희정,최지영 우송대학교 1999 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The Korean Government has designated Yousung area as a tourism special district for promoting tourists' visitation. Unfortunately, since then, number of foreign visitors and domestic visitors has decreased gradually, except the years of 1994 and 1995. The purpose of this study is to find the current problems which the district has and develop strategies for promoting tourists' visitations. The study found three problems related to the district: 1) lack of sign boards and advertisements, 2) lack of events such as cultural events, art events and sport events and 3) lack of regional and central government supports. Three strategies could be recommendable for this district: 1) developing tourism routes for linking it to other tourist destinations, 2) improving overall service quality, and 3) loosening governmental restrictions.

韓國地方大都市에 있어서의 階層構造에 관한 實證的 관한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 階層移動의 分析을 中心으로 An Analysis of Current Trends in Status Mobility

柳時中,金至變 경북대학교 1986 社會科學 Vol.5 No.-

As a following study of "An Empirical Study on the Stratified Structure of a Local Metropolis, Taegu, in Korea(I) which analyzed stratum and class consciousness of Taegu citizens," this study is to analyze the social mobility in the same community. The main content of this study is focused on the various aspects of inter-generational and intra-generational mobility. The measurement index of social mobility in this survey is the occupational rank which is most commonly used by social mobility researchers. Under these purposes and methods, the major results analyzed in this research are as follows: First, the noticeable facts in inter-generational mobility are that ① the total amount of observed mobility is very high(90%); ② the amount in mobility by both inflow and outflow level is also high; ③ both the upward and the downward mobility in any direction are open, but there are obstacles to mobility between manual and nonmanual occupations; ④ the leading cause in this open mobility is that the structural factors based on industrialization and urbanization are more salient than circular ones. Secondly, trends of intra-generational mobility seems to be limited and reduced compared to those of inter-generational mobility. The realities of trends are as follows: ① The continuing rate from first job to present one is high; ② thus, the observed mobility rate is much lower than that of inter-generational mobility; ③ this high continuing rate indicates that the first job of an individual plays a strong influence upon the present job he occupies; ④ and it is expected that the first job is affected by the levels of educational attainment.

수기작불(授記作佛)의 교육적 이해 : 「법화경」을 중심으로

이지중 韓國宗敎敎育學會 2001 宗敎敎育學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

수기작불은 붓다가 제자들에게 "너는 반드시 붓다가 된다"라는 확신을 주는 것이다. 그리고 제자들의 성불을 위해 몸소 지견(知見)을 보이고, 갖가지 비유를 들어 이를 해명하고, 그리고 삶의 완성이라 할 수 있는 성불을 기다려 줌을 뜻한다. 그러므로 이것은 단순히 스승이 제자들의 삶의 완성을 믿어주는 것에 그치고 있는 것이 아니다. 이것은 사제동행으로 스승이 제자를 믿어주고, 보여주고, 지켜주고 그리고 기다려주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 제자 스스로 자기 삶의 완성을 기할 수 있다는 것을 확신하게 하는 것이다. 궁극적으로 이것은 인간 스스로의 힘으로 삶의 자유를 얻을 수 있음을 믿게 하는 것이며, 믿어주는 것이며, 그리고 이를 기다려 주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 교육은 다양하게 정의될 수 있으나, 일반적으로 인간의 내적 가능성을 인간 스스로 바람직하게 구체화하고 현실화하는 일이라 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 "수기작불로서 붓다를 이루게 한다"라는 것은 교육적으로 어떤 의미를 함의하고 있을까. 필자는 「법화경(法華經)」을 중심으로 이를 교육의 눈으로 이해하고자 한다. Su-ki-jak-bul(授記作佛) means that Buddha gives his disciples firm belief that you absolutely could be Buddha, and for it he reveals his wisdoms, elucidates it as various examples by himself, and waits his disciples's completion of lifeword as attaining Buddhahood. It is, therefor, not just the belief in which a teacher believes his disciple's possibilities to get his completion of lifeword. It has the meanings of sa-je-dong-hang(師弟同行)that teachers are believing, seeing, keeping and waiting for their disciples's attaining Buddhahood. So su-ki-jak-bul(授記作佛)is that Buddha has his disciples to believe themselves they are absolutely to be Buddha. Thus, it forces them to trust the belief that human can make his/her lifeworld, get his/her freedom of their lifeword by themselves. Education could be revealed in the various definitions. But we can say that education is to embody human being's inner possibilities to desirable directions by themselves. Then, what is it means that Su-ki-jak-bul(授記作佛) has human beings to be Buddha in educational situation. In this article, I want to see the educational meanings of Su-ki-jak-bul(授記作佛) based on Saddharmapundarika-sutrasutra(妙法蓮華經).

특징벡터의 상관관계에 의한 한글 단모음 음성인식에 관한 연구

박지호,김중규 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.2

본 논문에서는 통계적 처리에 의한 한글 단모음 인식 판별법을 제시하려고 한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 새로운 음성 판별 방법은 기존의 알고리즘에서 요구되는 긴 학습시간과 많은 수행단계, 그리고 인식시의 대용량 메로리에 비해 짧은 수행 시간과 함께 높은 인식률을 동시에 보장할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 음성 파형과 그 음성의 특징 파라미터를 음성과 화자의 특징을 포함하는 Random Process로 가정하고, 단모음의 경우 각 프레임에서 음성 파형 및 LPC계수, LPC계수 Spectrum과 같은 특징 파라미터들이 거의 일정하다는 것에 착안하여, 각 음성 파형에서 나오는 평균 LPC log spectrum을 모음별로 구분하여 그 평균들로 기준 패턴을 만든다. 또, 각 음성파형의 특징파라미터를 Ramdom Process로 가정하여 그 평균들로 기준 패턴을 만든다. 또, 각 음성파형의 특징파라미터를 Ramdom Process로 가정하고 입력파형의 평균 LPC log spectrum과 기준 패턴 Set의 Vector 들간의 Ramdom Correlation Coefficient를 각각 구한 후 그중 가장 큰 Correlation Coefficient값을 갖는 기준 Vector에 의한 음성을 입력신호의 음성으로 인식한다. 이러한 판별법은 성도모델이 정확히 나타나고 빠른 추출이 가능한 LPC Parameter를 기반으로 하고 또한 Distance measure, 즉 Correlation Coefficient를 계산하는데 걸리는 시간이 매우 짧기 때문에 기존의 방법에 비해 전체적인 Processing Time을 훨씬 더 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 본 실험에서는 새로운 알고리즘을 검증하기 위하여 9명의 화자가 3번식 발음한 단모음 8개의 Data를 사용하였으며 화자독립 음성인식의 경우 96.30%, 화자종속 음성인식의 경우 100%의 인식률을 보였다. In this paper, we propose a statistical recognition algorithm for isolated words and applied it to Korean vowels. The proposed scheme requires relatively short processing time with reasonably high performance, compared to existing conventional algorithms which need rather longer period of training as well as much larger capacity of memory. In this research, we assume that the speech waveform and associated feature parameters are random processes, and we form the reference pattern of each speech with the mean LPC log spectrum averaged over the frames. This is feasible since the speech waveform of Korean vowels can be considered stationary over the duration of signals. Then, we compute the correlation coefficient between the feature parameters (i.e. the LPC log spectrum) of the input speech and those of reference vectors, and choose the speech signal among reference patterns which renders the highest correlation with the input as the recognized vowel. Since this method is based on the LPC parameters which provide an accurate model of vocal tract and can be extracted very quickly from the speech waveform, and since the computation time required for the distance measure (i.e. the correlation coefficient) is fractional, the overall processing time for recognition could be very much shortened. We tested the proposed algorithm with eight Korean vowels spoken by nine male speakers three times each, and showed 96.3% recognition rate for speaker independent case and 100% for speaker dependent case respectively.

Bifidobacterium angulatum KCTC3236의 α-galactosidase에 의한 Oligo당 생성의 최적조건

왕지원,김경민,강대중,강국희,정재록 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1995 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.2 No.1

Bifidobacterium angulatum KCTC3236 showed the highest α-galactosidase activity among the tested strains of Bifidobacteria( data not shown). Optimum culture conditions for the maximum production of α-galactosidase were as follows. The culture media was MRS broth containing 1% galactose as a carbon source and its initial pH was 7.0. The incubation temperature and time were 37℃, 21 hours respectively. Melibiose have been used as substrate. The formation of oligosaccharides was maximum at 40℃ when the substrate concentration was 30%. And the unit of α-galactosidase was 40 unit. Finally, we could observe the maximum production of oligosaccharides after 14 hours' enzyme reaction.

평균대 경기 시 앞 공중돌기 동작에 대한 운동학적 분석

윤희중,류지선,김동민,김영란 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 평균대에서 수행되는 앞 공중돌기 동작의 효율적인 동작을 연기하는데 필요한 정보를 제공하기 위한 운동학적 요인을 살펴보는 데 있다. 연구대상은 부산동아시아 체조경기대회(1997년)평균대 종목별 결승에 참가한 한국선수 1명, 카자흐스탄 2명, 일본선수 1명을 대상으로 3차원 영상 분석을 통하여 운동학적 요인을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각국면별 소요시간 도움닫기 시간은 스텝시간이 대상자별로 다르게 실시함으로서 수행시간간에 차이를 보였다. 도약 시간은 선행연구 결과에 비해 본 연구의 대상자들이 보다 짧은 시간을 나타냈으며, 체공시간은 길게 소요하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 체공 및 착자시 인체중심 높이는 선행연구된 마루 운동의 수행 결과들 보다는 다소 낮게 나타났다. 3. 도약시 인체중심 속도는 수직속도보다 수평속도가 높게 나타났다. 4. 도약 및 착지시 선정된 각 관절의 각도는 선행연구 결과들 보다 무릎각을 제외한 발목, 고관절 각도에서 적은 각도를 나타내 불안정한 착지를 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variable of a forward somersault motion in balance beam. Two video cameras were used for 3-dimentional analysis. The subjects were four female gymnasts who is participated in the '97 east asian game. The conclusions are follows. 1. Time of each phase The time of run-up was shown a difference between performance time as type of step patterns of each subjects. The time of support was display a more short time in the gymnasts of present study compared to gymnasts of previous study, and it was shown a long time in the flight phase. 3. The velocity of center of gravity in supports phase was shown more high levels in horizontal velocity than vertical velocity. 4. The angle of each joint in support and landing was display a low angles in ankle and hip joint angles except to knee joint angles. Therefore, it was performing a unbalanced landing.

스키어 준거집단에 따른 참여정도가 여가태도에 미치는 영향

원형중,김지수 이화여자대학교 체육대학 보건체육연구소 2002 이화체육논집 Vol.6 No.-

Skiing as recreational pursuits are gaining popularity and the numbers of recreational skiers are rapidly increasing. Korean literatures exploring the relationships among the potent variables that influence skiing experiences are founded in the field of leisure studies. This study attempted to build a causal model for Korean recreational skiers leisure attitudes by their significant reference groups. The subjects of this study is Leisure Attitude Scale developed by (Ragheb & Beard, 1982). In order to analyze date, this study employed Frequency analysis, Crosstabs and analysis of regression.. Based upon the results of analysis, the following conclusions appear warrented: 1. It has been different of skier reference as socio-domograpgic(sex, age, income) 2. Degree of participation(frequncy, period, intensity) has influenced on leisure attitude positively. Based upon the findings from this study and within limitations the researcher discussed the future directions for the enhancement of ski sports in general.