『元生夢遊錄 』의 문학적 이해와 역사 담론

정용수 한국한문교육학회 2003 한문교육논집 Vol.21 No.-

「원생몽유록」은 최근까지 작자와 작품에 대한 논란이 계속되고 있는 작품 이다. 이러한 문제는 현전하는 이본이 무려 20편 이상이라는 데 있을 것이다. 간혹 선본을 정하고 작품 이해를 종합적으로 검토하려는 노력도 있었지만, 언제 누구에 의해 창작되었는지 정확한 정보를 갖고 있지 못하는 우리로서는 현재의 정보가 원천적으로 한계를 지닐 수밖에 없고,더 중요한 것은 창작 이후 생성된 여러 이본들의 역사적 의미를 놓치게 될 공산이 크다는 점이다. 이런 점에서 「원생몽유록」의 이해에 있어 중요한 점의 하나가 우선, 이 작품을 문학적으로 이해하려는 안목과 역사적 변모과정에서 산생된 담론의 의미를살피는 작업일 것이다. 필자는 이 작품이 여러 번에 걸쳐 변개가 있었던 점을 염두에 두고, 적어도 이 작품의 이해에 있어 작품 변개의 요인이 된 역사적추이를 걷어내고 이해하기란 어렵다는 입장을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 이런 단계적 변모에도 바뀌지 않은 기본축을 중심으로 작품 속의 주요 쟁론과 각몽 이후의 에필로그에 첨가된 내용을 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 그리하여 최초 창작 이후 역사적 사건이나 개인적 이해에 따라 다양하게 변모된 작품양상을 어떻게 이해할 것인가에 초점을 두었다. 그 결과,이 작품은 작자 원호가 계유년 사건을 몽유 양식을 차용하여 문학적으로 형상한 것으로 보았다. 그래서 작자는 등장인물을 당시 사건 관련자에서 찾아 소설적 기교로써 활용하였고,당대 담론을 폭건자를 통해서 형상했다는 것이다. 이 작품에서 우리는 작품 밑바닥에 깔려있는 두 가지 서사적 탠션(tension)을 읽을 수 있다. 육신처럼 역사현상을 회고할 수밖에 없는 역사 인물군이 하나 있다면,여지껏 역사현상보다 현재 자신들의 감정을 발설하는 실존인물군이 있음을 알 수 있다. 두 인물군 중에서 자신들의 감정을 발설하는 실존 인물군이 세조 왕위찬탈의 문제를 꿈으로 형상했다고 보아야만이 찬탈자들을 향해 <狐媚取禪>,<以臣伐君>의 효시라는 평가와 일치되지 않겠는가.이미 해금을 논하는 과정에서 <호미취선>,<이신벌군> 같은 지나간 용어를 사용했다는 말은 논리에 맞지 않을 뿐더러, 이후 조정공론은 사륙신에 대한공적 평가였지 세조에 대한 불의 평가가 아니었고 또한 용납되지도 않았다는 점을 참고할 필요가 있다. 이런 점에서 이 작품은 사륙신의 절의를 나타냈다기보다 세조의 불의를 폭로한 생육신 원호의 세계관을 형상한 것이 되야 하며,그런 작가에 의해 그려진 극도의 소설적 미학으로 보아야 한다는 것이다. 따라서 세조가 왕위를 찬탈한 직후,부각되기 시작된 사군의 논쟁을 소설 속의 인물 폭건자를 통해서 형상한 작품이 「원생몽유록」이라면,세 가지 형태의 부기된 四君論爭의 역사 담론과 이본 생성은 창작 이후 계유년 사건과 육신에 대한 역사적 평가를 추가한 것에 불과하다고 보는 것이다. There has been constant controversy concerning Wonsaeng-mong-yurok and its author up to recently. It is believed that the controversy results from a great number of its different versions. The number is said to be over 20. Occasionally efforts to understand synthetically after deciding the old version have been made, but they have met some difficulties due to the limit of information on when and by whom it was produced. Furthermore, it is more likely than not that they miss the historical significance of its different versions which had been produced after the creation of its original version. In this respect, one of the most important things for understanding Wonsaeng-mong-yurok is to investigate the meaning of its discourse that were made in the changing process of its history with an appreciative eyes for the understanding of Wonsaeng-mong-yurok in its literary perspective. A firm belief is that it is difficult to understand the work without a close study on its historical change after due consideration of its many changes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the main argumentation and the contents that were added to its epilogue after being awakened from the hero's illusions with special reference to its underlying points that were never altered in the changing process. In addition, it focuses on how to understand the aspects of the work that underwent a variable alteration in accordance with the historical events and the personal interests in it after the first appearance. As a result of this research, some points can be concluded as follows: first, Wonsaeng-mong-yurok was written by Wonho as a literary work in the form of dream, which represents a historical incident in the year of Kyeyu. He chose persons who were related to the incident at that time and used them as characters and created a contemporary discourse skillfully through a despot. It can be seen that two kinds of narrative tension can be read on the bottom. One is the group of historical characters who couldn't help recalled the past to their mind like Yukshin(Six Subjects), and the other is a group of real characters who expresses their own feelings instead of historical phenomena. Among them, it is believed that real characters described the issue of usurping a throne of King Sejo into a dream story. Because this views can agree with the fact that the usurpers were evaluated as the pioneer of homichwiseon and ishinbeolgun. There is necessity of considering that it is incoherent to use the old fashioned terms such as homichwiseon and ishinbeolgun in the process of discussing the removal of a ban and that consensus in the court then was not for the injustice of King Sejo, but for Saryukshin(six loyal subjects who willingly submitted to death. Accordingly, this work shows not so much Saryukshin's fidelity to their own principles as Wonho's world views who tried to disclose the unforgivable injustice of King Sejo, and must be highly regarded as a prosaic aesthetics. In conclusion, Wonsaeng-mong-yurok describes the argumentation of Sagun (four kings) right after usurping a throne of King Sejo through a violent character in the novel and it is believed that three types of historical discourse concerning a controversy of Sagun that were added to its original version and its different versions include a historical evaluation of the incident in the year of Kyeyu and Yukshin after its appearance.

차별화 서비스에서 공정한 대역폭 보장 방안

정충교,유용수 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신논문지 Vol.4 No.-

It has been observed that assured service in the differentiated service network cannot guarantee the contracted profile rate fairly. Achieved throughput depends on the profile rates. TCP's congestion avoidance algrorithm causes this. In this paper we proposed 3-drop precedence scheme which is using token bucket and TSW(Time Sliding Window) marker to solve this problem. we showed proposed scheme improves the performance of assured service and this scheme is effective also when the non-responsive UDP traffic sources exist.

奎章閣所藏 古本 『剪燈新話句解』의 板本 硏究

정용수 한국고소설학회 2002 古小說 硏究 Vol.14 No.-

이 글은 「전등신화구해」의 현존 최고본으로 알려진 일본 내각문고본을 통해서 초간 목판본인 규장각소장 고본 「전등신화구해」가 존재한다는 사실을 밝힌 글이다. 근거로 내각문고본에서 두 가지 형태의 판심제가 존재하고, 같은 판심제 중의 하나가 규장각본에 나타난다는 사실을 확인한 것이다. 결국 내각문고본이 임란 이전 간본이 분명하다면 두 자료 중 하나는 초간본에 해당되고 나머지 하나는 중간본에 해당되는 것이므로, 규장각본이 내각문고본의 선행본으로 확인된다는 것은 규장각본이 초간본임을 말한 것일 뿐 아니라 내각 문고본이 중간본임을 의미하게 되는 것이다. 이 점은 임기의 발문이나 이미 발견된 윤춘년 발문을 통해서도 확인된다. 즉, 우리나라에서 주석한 「전등신화구해」는 최초 주석본으로 목활자로 간행된 송분 간본이 있었고, 이어 목판본으로 간행된 초간본으로서 윤계연이 1559년 간행하고 임기가 주석한 간본이 있었으며, 다음으로 복각본으로서 윤춘년이 간행했거나 주도하여 1564년 간행하고 임기가 주석한 간본이 존재했음을 확인하게 된 것이다. 이번에 조선초기 간행된 이 목판본 들을 확인하게 된 것이다. 양본의 판심제 '新話句解' 및 '新話'는 임란 이전 간본을 바탕으로 한 것이므로, 임란 이후 간본에서는 나타나지 않는 현상이다. 「전등신화」는 현재 알려진 임란 이전 간본이 다소 있는 듯이 보이지만, 「전등신화구해」는 윤계연과 윤춘년 간본 밖에 없었던 것이 분명하다. 또한, 내각문고본을 보판복각본으로 추정함녀서 이것이 윤춘년에 의해 복각된 간본으로 추정하였다. 그래서 두 본 사이의 이동이 거의 같을 수 밖에 없었던 것으로 본 것이다. This is to prove that the first edition of Jeondungshinhwa-goohae printed from wood blocks exists in Kyoojang-gag by investigating the Japanese Naegakmungo edition well known as the oldest edition of Jeondungshinhwa-goohae. This results from the comparison of its two editions and publication before Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea in 1592. This study owes the existence of the Japanese edition which was published before 1952. The two editions of one book mean the existence of its precedent edition, which makes it certain that the old book in Kyoojang-gag is the first edition printed from wood blocks. The bibliographical notes on the old book in Kyoojang-gag, as told earlier, enable both editions to be considered the first edition and the second edition. Besides, Songboon edition printed from wood blocks as the first notes on Jeondungshinhwa-goohae, its publication as printed from wood blocks before 1952, makes sure that there existed the 1559 Yimki commentary edition by Kye-hyun Yoon and the 1564 Yimki commentary edition by Choon-nyeon Yoon. Panshinje in the Kyoojang-gag edition and the Naegakmungo edition are depended upon the edition before 1592, and after that time on it disappeared. It might be guessed that some editions of Jeondungshinhwa before 1592 were, but that no editions of Jeondungshinhwa-goohae existed except the Kye-hyun Yoon's and Choon-nyeon Yoon's. They are the existing Kyoojang-gag edition and Naegakmungo edition, The Naegakmungo edition might be translated by Choon-nyeon Yoon on the basis of Kye-hyun Yoon's first edition with Yimki's commentary. Therefore, it can be said that there has been a similarity between the two editions.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

γ-Alumina에 담지된 산화구리에 의한 SO_2의 제거에 관한 연구

鄭一鉉,尹龍水,全法柱 단국대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

In the case of SO_2 removal from the flue gases by fixed beds of coper oxide in two types or γ-Aluminas with different pore size distribution, the reactive sorption capability were correlated with not only porosity and pore size distribution in the reacting solid but impregnated concentration of the reacting solid but impregnated concentration of the copper oxide. The effect of change of pore structures on the kineticc of gas-solid reaction was investigated through the random pore model. Mathematical model og gas-solid noncatalytic reaction for the concentration vs. time relationship in corporating chemical reaction, product layer diffusion, and the effect of structural change due to chemical reaction has been derived. Numerical solution were obtained to the model equations for various values of the parameters characterizing the pore structure, effective internal diffusion, and the chemical reaction constant. From the results, the conversion was decreased cause of pore closure at the surface of reactiong particles, reduction of porosity and surface area of reaction, and increase of effective diffusion coefficient in the solid with the progress of reaction, Conversion was increased with rised concentration of flue gas since that CuO-SO_2 reaction mechanism assumed to be first order. Total conversion was strongly dependent on the local conversion at surface. According to decreas of impregnated concentration of the copper oxide and increase of the flue gases concentration, total conversion was increased. The conversion was affected by gas flow rate and pore size distribution in the reacting solid.

혼합치열기의 miniscrew를 이용한 교정치료

임수민,양연미,김재곤,백병주,이용훈,신정근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment, Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient s cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems, In comparison to adult's bones, children s bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results. 교정치료 시 고정원은 항상 염두에 두면서 치료를 진행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 고정원을 이용한 치료는 환자의 적극적인 협조를 필요로 하고 원하는 치아이동에 대한 반작용이 나타날 수 있는 등의 부작용을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 보다 견고한 구강 내 고정원이 요구되어져 왔으며 이를 위해 miniscrew가 임상에서 흔히 이용되고 있다. Miniscrew를 통한 고정원의 확보는 구외력 의존도 감소,치료기간의 단축,식립 후 즉시 교정력 적용,환자의 협조도 불필요,식립의 간편성,저렴한 비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 성장기 환자는 성인에 비해 골질이 좋지 않아 miniscrew의 성공률이 성인에 비해 낮다. 그러나 일단 고정에 성공하면 많은 교정치료 시 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 흔합치열기 환자를 miniscrew를 이용하여 정중이개 및 정중선 불일치,매복치에 대한 양호한 교정치료를 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

RAPD 분석에 의한 굴참나무 집단의 유전변이 연구

송정호,김남수,이용섭,김영중,송재모,이재선 한국유전학회 2002 Genes & Genomics Vol.24 No.2

Quercus variabilis is one of the most important tree species in both utilization of forest resources and management of forest ecosystem in Korea. To obtain the basic information for the establishment of breeding strategy and efficient management of genetic resources, five populations of Q. variabilis from 89 selected plus trees were studied using POPGENE and AMOVA analysis based on DNA markers focussing on the genetic diversity and variation among populations. The overall polymorphic amplicons were 78.6% and levels of genetic diversity within 5 populations were similar each other (Shannon's Index : 0.289∼0.423 [mean 0.366]). The values of total genetic diversity (H_t) and average gene diversity within population (H_S) were 0.265 and 0.239, respectively. The degree of genetic differentiation (G_st : 0.098) was relatively high compared with those of other tree species. Based on the cluster analysis of UPGMA, genetic relationships among 5 populations were not coincided with the pattern of geographic distribution.

국내에서 분리된 Vancomycin 내성 장구균에 대한 분자역학적 연구

김수정,이남용,배직현,이경원,이위교,김의종,최명식,백경란,김성민,송재훈 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.1

목 적 : 장구균은 병원 감염의 원인균으로서 최근 그 빈도와 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 특히 vancomycin에 내성을 보이는 장구균(VRE)은 효과적인 치료약제가 드물고, 그 내성 유전자가 vancomycin에 감수성을 보이는 다른 장구균이나 그람양성 구균에 전달될 수 있어 임상적인 중요도가 더욱 크다. 본 연구에서는 국내 5개 병원에서 분리된 VRE 균주의 표현형과 유전형을 결정하고, 분자역학적 방법을 이용하여 유전적 연관성 여부를 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 각 병원에서 수집된 균주는 환자의 임상 검체에서 또는 VRE 집락화에 대한 선별검사에서 분리된 균주였다. 이들을 대상으로 vancomycin과 teicoplanin의 MIC를 측정하여 표현형을 결정하였으며, PCR로 vancomycin 내성 유전자를 증폭하여 유전형을 결정하였다. 또한 이들중 vanA와 vanB 유전자를 갖는 균주들을 대상으로 플라스미드 분석과 PFGE를 시행하였다. 결 과 : VRE로 최종 동정된 균주들은 42균주(E. faecium 21주, E. faecalis 6주, E. avium 2주, E. casseliflavus 13주)였으며, 항균제 감수성 양상으로 결정한 표현형은 VanA, VanB, VanC형이 각각 14주(33%), 7주(17%), 21주(50%)였다. PCR로 결정한 유전형은 vanA 12주(E. faecium), vanC 16주 였으며, 이중 VanA의 표현형을 보인 E. faecium 2주가 VanB의 유전형으로 판명된 것을 제외하면 표현형과 유전형은 모두 일치하였다. 플라스미드 분석과 PFGE 결과, 병원내 동일 균주의 전파 가능성이 5개 병원중 3병원에서 증명되었다. 결 론 : 국내 병원에서도 vancomycin 내성 유전자를 갖는 VRE가 다수 분리되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 연구 결과 일부 병원에서 내성균주의 병원내 전파 가능성을 시사하였다. 아직까지 국내에서 VRE로 인한 감여보고는 적지만 곧 임상적으로 문제가 될 것으로 판단되며, 따러서 내성균의 발생이나 확산을 억제하기 위한 노력과 감시가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Enterococci have emerged in recent years as a frequent cause of life-threatening nosocomial infections. The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) presents as an increasingly important problem particularly in the treatment and the potential dissemination of vancomycin-resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the phenotypes and genotypes of VRE isolated from five hospitals and to study the genetic relatedness among them. Methods : Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and amplification of vancomycin resistance genes were used for phenotyping and genotyping of 42 VRE isolates respectively. For 21 isolates with vanA or vanB gene, plasmid profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) patterns were analyzed for molecular epidemiologic study. Results : Out of 42 isolates, 21 were identified as E. faecium, 6 as E. faecalis, 2 as E. avium, and 13 as E. casseliflavus. Phenotyping showed 14 isolates as VanA(33%), 7 as VanB(17%) and 21 as VanC(50%). Genotyping resulted in 12 isolates as VanV(5 of E. faecalis and 7 of e. faecium) and 9 as VanB(all E. faecium). Genotyping results were concordant with phenotyping results except for the two E. faecium isolates of VanA which had VanB genotype. Intrahospital spread of the same strains was proven in three hospitals by plasmid profiles and PFGE analysis. Conclusion : The study demonstrated a considerable number of VRE isolates in Korea and intrahospital spread proven by molecular epidemiologic methods. Although VRE infection has been considered very are in Korea, practical guidelines including restriction of vancomycin usage and surveillance, are warranted to prevent infection and dissemination of VRE.

협력업체의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 평가체계 개선에 관한 사례연구

김용수,정명근 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 1997 環境科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to suggest an improved system for the evaluation of subcontractors through the comparison between a domestic construction firm and an advanced Japanese firm. The suggested system involves criteria to enhance the objectivity and fairness of assessment by differently composing evaluation items according to characteristics of construction firms. The suggested evaluation system of subcontractors will be useful for finding and fostering competent subcontractors with good execution capability and technology.

중금속 제거 및 pH 상승을 위한 폐달걀껍질의 재활용

조영수,최영락,손희정,김은호 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1997 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.6 No.1

In the present, batch test was conducted to evaluate the neutralization and adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater using waste egg shells. Neutralization and removal rate of heavy metals were excellent in the increase of waste concrete amounts and a small size. It seemed that adsorption efficiencies of heavy metals were influenced by solubility. As a result on the experiments of Freundlich isotherm, the adsorption capacities(k) were Cr 3.11, Cu 2.61, Mn 3.02 and Pb 0.95, respectively and the adsorption intensities(1/n) were Cr 0.35, Cu 0.44, Mn 0.4 and Pb 0.41, respectively. In view of these results, it showed that wastes containing the similar compositions as waste egg shells could utilize the neutralization and adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater.