日本의 人文·社會科學 硏究動向 調査

李注衡,朴仁熙,韓點洙,金文基,朴晋泰 慶北大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

In January 1983, the writer visited a few universites in Japan to survey the recent trend of studies in cultural and social Sciences. At that time what I researched is as follows; In Japan, many a learned society has been organized and the research activities were very lively. Mass publication of scientific periodicals and prompt translation of foreign writings showed the maturity of scientific atmosphere. It true that their study of literature has been performed on the basis of positivism since 1930'. But now Structuralism which consider's literary works as one organic unity of parts became the main basis of literary studies. And, Learned Society of Educational Law has been organized in Japan. In consequence, the level of researches in educational law could be remarkably high. So, it is necessary for us to study the law of education. For, to make it better, we must know not only the universal principles of education but also specific ones derived from the peculiar characteristics of Korean education. At the same time, in Japan, Department of the Law of Industrial Administration was established in 14 universities including Japan University. And with the help of it, companies could improve the efficiency in dealing with judicial affairs related with industrial administration. So, to be a winner in the international trade competition, it is also required for us to study the judicial affairs of industrial administration.

眞正商品의 竝行輸入에 관한 硏究

李点仁 東亞大學校 大學院 2000 大學院論文集 Vol.25 No.-

As globalized economy has led Korea to import more foreign goods with renowned trademarks, Korea faces a legal issue of parallel importation of genuine goods. A lot of studies and cases on the parallel importation of genuine goods which has been frequent in advanced countries since 19th centuries are accumulated until now, but Korea faces this issue recently. Korea government prohibited the parallel importation of of genuine goods in the beginning to evade unnecessary trade friction and to protect the intellectual property rights including trademark right. But Korea government accepted the parallel importation of of genuine goods partly through amendment of the Customs Service regulations in 1995. For the establishment of WTO, distribution market opened totally and international trade is increasing more and more. So many countries including Korea began to permit the parallel importation of of genuine goods if it fulfil the required conditions for minimization of monopolization resulted from abuse of trademark right and activation of domestic economy. Many countries including Korea in the course of permission of the parallel importation of of genuine goods, and focusing on the preparation of theoretical basis for it. This article analyzes cases and theories accumulated in the United States, Japan, Europe and European Commnuity regarding parallel importation and attempts to set proper standards for settlement of such cases as they may occur in Korea.

체납처분압류 이후 경매절차 개시 전에 취득한 유치권의 효력에 대한 검토

이정민(Lee, Jeong-Min),이점인(Lee, Jeom-In) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2014 東亞法學 Vol.- No.64

최근에 선고된 대법원 2014. 3. 20.선고 2009다60336 유치권부존재확인 대법원전원합의체 판결에서는 민사집행법에 의한 압류가 아닌 국세징수법이나 지방세법상의 압류 이후에 성립한 유치권이 무효인지 여부에 대해 처음으로 판단이 이루어졌다. 다수의견은 부동산에 관한 민사집행절차에서는 경매개시결정과 함께 압류를 명하므로 압류가 행하여짐과 동시에 매각절차인 경매절차가 개시되는 반면, 국세징수법에 의한 체납처분절차에서는 그와 달리 체납처분에 의한 압류와 동시에 매각절차인 공매절차가 개시되는 것이 아닐 뿐만 아니라, 체납처분압류가 반드시 공매절차로 이어지는 것도 아니다. 또한 체납처분절차와 민사집행절차는 서로 별개의 절차로서 공매절차와 경매절차가 별도로 진행되는 것이므로, 부동산에 관하여 체납처분압류가 되어 있다고 하여 경매절차에서 이를 그 부동산에 관하여 경매개시결정에 따른 압류가 행하여진 경우와 마찬가지로 볼 수는 없다고 보았다. 따라서 체납처분압류가 되어 있는 부동산이라고 하더라도 그러한 사정만으로 경매절차가 개시되어 경매개시결정등기가 되기 전에 부동산에 관하여 민사유치권을 취득한 유치권자가 경매절차의 매수인에게 유치권을 행사할 수 없다고 볼 것은 아니라는 결론을 제시하였다. 대법원 2014. 3. 20. 선고 2009다60336 전원합의체 판결은 그 동안 정리되지 못했던 민사집행법상의 압류와 국제징수법이나 지방세법상의 체납처분압류 이후에 성립된 유치권 간에 법적인 차이가 있는가에 대한 문제에 있어서 심도 깊은 논의를 통하여 일부분 정리하고 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다고 본다. 실무에서 직접 적용을 함에 있어서는 경매절차개시 이후에 취득한 유치권의 경우에는 주장할 수 없고, 저당권 설정 후에 취득한 유치권의 경우와 가압류 후 취득한 유치권의 경우에는 유치권을 주장할 수 있으며, 체납처분압류 후 취득한 유치권의 경우에는 그 권리를 주장할 수 있다는 것으로 경매절차와 유치권의 효력을 둘러싼 문제에 대한 일정 기준을 제시해 주고 있다. 그러나 국세징수법에 의한 체납처분절차는 압류로써 개시되고, 체납처분에 의한 부동산 압류의 효력은 민사집행절차에서 경매개시결정의 기입등기로 인한 부동산 압류의 효력과 같으므로, 조세체납자 소유의 부동산에 체납처분압류등기가 마쳐져 압류의 효력이 발생한 후에 조세체납자가 제3자에게 그 부동산의 점유를 이전하여 유치권을 취득하게 하는 행위는 체납처분압류권자가 체납처분압류에 의하여 파악한 목적물의 교환가치를 감소시킬 우려가 있는 처분행위에 해당하여 체납처분압류의 처분금지효에 저촉되므로 그 유치권으로써 공매절차의 매수인에게 대항할 수 없다고 보는 것이 타당하다. The goal of this study is to examine whether a lien holder who acquired a lien right through civic proceeding can exercise lien rights on the buyer in an auction to dispose real estate assets that are under seizure due to delinquency disposition before the auction starts. The most recent Supreme Court judgment on validity of lien rights delivered based on unanimous decision gave the first judgment on whether lien acquired after seizure was made on real estate asset based on national tax laws or local tax laws, not civic proceedings, were valid. The majority opinion was that seizure of asset is declared when auction begins in civic proceeding whereas seizure is declared when delinquency is declared in case of asset disposition based on national tax laws. Also, in the latter case, disposition does not necessarily lead to auction proceeding. Also, asset disposition proceeding and civic proceeding are two separate legal proceedings and therefore public auction and private auction process proceed independently. Therefore, just because seizure was imposed due to delinquency disposition, it cannot be construed as the same case where seizure was imposed on real estate asset at the time of start of auction. Accordingly, the court concluded that, even if the real estate asset is under delinquency disposition, that alone cannot necessarily constitute a valid reason for viewing that the lien holder who acquired lien rights from civic proceedings on real estate asset before public auction officially began cannot exercise lien rights on the buyer in auction proceeding. The significance of this ruling is that is provided in-depth discussions on whether there exist legal differences between seizure based on civic proceeding and lien rights acquired after seizure was imposed based on national tax laws and local tax laws, and the basis for such judgment. However, despite unanimous decision, there are still uncertainties surrounding the conclusion. This case pertains only to seizure declaration. However, it still remains uncertain whether the lien holder can contest the buyer if the asset was sold through public auction even though lien rights have been established after seizure declaration.

製造物 責任訴訟과 懲罰的 損害賠償 : 미국 判例를 중심으로

이점인 東亞大學校 法學硏究所 2004 東亞法學 Vol.- No.34

懲罰的 損害賠償과 仲裁 : 美 聯邦大法院 Mastrobuono事件 判決을 중심으로

李点仁 동아대학교 법학연구소 1998 東亞法學 Vol.- No.24

일개 병원에 내원한 암환자의 암보험가입에 따른 의료비용 대체효과에 관한 연구

김점자,이종인,최수용 한국보건통계학회 2003 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The object of this study is to investigate the difference of knowledge and attitude between patients visited a hospital and residents in rural areas, and to develop effective care for cancer patients. The survey was performed with 192 residents of Kijang-Gun in Kyungnam Province (November 8 - 11, 2000)and 274 patients of W Cancer Special Hospital (November 25, 2000- Feb. 28, 2001). It The results of study are as follows: 1) On sex, male and female were 43.1% and 56.1% in patients visited hospital, and 39.1% and 60.9% in residents of rural areas, respectively. The most common age group was 50-59 in patients visited hospital and more than 60 in residents of rural areas. 2) The average mark about the knowledge of cancer was 2.77 in patients visited hospital and 2.70 in residents of rural areas, showing no significant difference. 3) Comparing with the attitude toward cancer examination, the average mark was 2.94 in patients visited hospital and 2.99 in residents of rural areas, showing similar difference. 4) The proportion received cancer examination was 51.5%(average 3.19 times) in patients visited hospital and 42.7%(average 5.30 times)in residents of rural areas, respectively. On site, the proportion of lung cancer was 1.69 times in patients visited hospital and 4.29 times in residents of rural areas, showing significant difference. However, there was no difference in other types of cancer.

통합도산법상 관리인제도에 대한 비판적 고찰

이점인(Lee, Jeom-In) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2011 東亞法學 Vol.- No.53

도산한 기업의 경영권을 새로 선임된 관리인에게 전부 이양하느냐 아니면 일정한 경우 예외적으로 기존의 경영진에게 계속 경영을 하게 하느냐 하는 것은 도산기업의 갱생 효율성, 투명한 경영 질서의 확립, 부실경영에 대한 책임 등 여러 가지 측면에서 중요한 의의를 가진다. 회사정리법 하에서는 관리인이 필수기관이므로, 법원은 반드시 관리인을 선임하여야 한다. 관리인은 모든 경영권을 전속적으로 행사할 수 있지만, 예외적으로 기존 경영진을 관리인으로 임명하는 것도 가능하게 되어 있었다. 그런데 현행의 통합도산법은 미국의 도산법과 같이 원칙적으로 기존의 경영진이 계속 경영권을 행사하고(debtor in possession, 이하 DIP제도라 한다), 예외적으로 관리인을 선임할 수 있도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 구 경영진이 결코 기업회생의 적임자가 아니라는 점 및 채권자들의 경영참가와 관리가 어려워질 것이라는 점, 채무자의 도덕적 해이 등으로 인한 채권자의 보호가 어려워 질 수 있다는 점 등에서 볼 때 원칙과 예외가 전환되어야 할 것이다. 즉, 원칙적으로 전문적 경영능력을 갖춘 제3자 중에서 관리인을 선임하도록 하되 기업이 도산에 이르게 된 원인이 외부의 급격한 환경변화 등 기존 경영진이 예측할 수 없는 사유에 기인하여 구 경영진의 부실책임이 없고 기존 경영진의 경험 및 노하우를 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있으며, 채권자협의회가 동의하는 경우 등에 한하여 예외적으로 기존경영자를 관리인으로 선임할 수 있도록 규정하는 것이 바람직하다. In Korea since the last financial crisis of IMF we’ve seen highly increasing number of insolvent enterprises. But old Insolvency Law system, in particular, consisting of the three different types of related acts, i.e., the Corporate Reorganization act, the Composition Act and the Bankruptcy Act didn’t handle these bankruptcies well. This situation had very negative impact on our nation and corporate credibility toward outside countries. The Insolvency Law system had been substantially amended post 1997 economic crisis as momentum in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001. Finally, Ministry of Justice enacted the Consolidated Insolvency Law in 2005 for the efficient corporate restructuring and for the improvement of the old Insolvency Law system problems. Consolidated Insolvency Law is ruling three type of procedure of reorganization procedure, bankruptcy proceedings, and individual debtor rehabilitation procedure within single law but they are operated through different application procedures that are not operated through one procedure that is going along reorganization procedure, bankruptcy proceedings, and individual debtor rehabilitation procedure. So it may be said that it did not accomplish the unification of a genuine meaning by stopping listing laws about insolvency that is not the objective consolidating substantively of establishing Consolidated Insolvency Law. Consolidated Insolvency Law is ruling like that ; in principle, assigning debtor or the delegate as administrator, and exceptionally, assigning a third party when reaches in financial failure by insolvent operation with own or delegate, property usefulnessㆍconcealment or poor management with a serious responsibility, request of creditor conference with considerable reason, and when need in debtor rehabilitation. But principle and exception will have to be converted as seeing in points like those ; existing management is never right person for the corporate rehabilitation, difficulties of participation in management and administration by creditors, and trouble by debtor’s moral laxity. As well as, it may be raised a necessary to put a strong administrator like as a government agency by the reason like those ; position of court, it can subtract business burden which watch and supervises an obligor and make economization of time and expense through derivation of mutual agreements, regarding confines of administrator’s responsibility about damage at occurrence of damage by administrator’s intentionalityㆍfault, it can hold them responsible infinitely by strong administrator like as a government agency, insolvency of enterprises connects with insolvency of banks, and government inject public funds by that situation, so it can reduce public funds by stopping insolvency of banks in advance, i.e. Also, to protect creditor, it needs power strengthening and certain operation of creditor conference which represents creditor’s profit. When seeing for long-term for correct watch and supervisor of rehabilitation procedure, it needs establishment of special bankruptcy courts and specialization of revitalization member.

Pathological Evaluation of Natural Cases of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, Subtype H5N8, in Broiler Breeders and Commercial Layers in South Korea.

Bae, Yeon-Ji,Lee, Seung-Baek,Min, Keong-Cheol,Mo, Jong-Suk,Jeon, Eun-Ok,Koo, Bon-Sang,Kwon, Hyeok-Il,Choi, Young Ki,Kim, Jeom-Joo,Kim, Jong-Nyeo,Mo, In-Pil American Association of Avian Pathologists [etc.] 2015 Avian diseases Vol.59 No.1

<P>Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N8, were observed in two different flocks of local broiler breeder farms and a commercial layer farm in South Korea. Clinically, the cases were characterized by a gradual increase in mortality, slow transmission, and unrecognizable clinical signs of HPAI. Gross observations in both cases included hemorrhagic or necrotic lesions in internal organs, such as serosal and mucosal membranes, spleen, and pancreas. Both cases exhibited similar histopathologic lesions, including multifocal malacia in the brain and multifocal or diffuse necrosis in the spleen and pancreas. Immunohistochemical results indicated that neurons and glial cells in the brain, myocytes in the heart, acinar cells in the pancreas, and mononuclear phagocytic cells in several visceral organs were immunopositive for avian influenza viral antigen. To experimentally reproduce the low pathogenicity and the mortality observed in these two cases, 18 specific-pathogen-free chickens and 18 commercial layers were divided into an H5N8 virus-inoculated group and a contact-exposed group. The mortality of the chickens in the inoculation group was 50%-100%, whereas the mean time to death was delayed or death did not occur in the contact-exposed group. The distributions of the viral antigens and histopathologic lesions in the experimental study were similar to those observed in the field cases. These findings suggest that the H5N8 virus induces a different pattern of pathobiology, including slow transmission and low mortality, compared with that of other HPAI viruses. This is the first pathologic description of natural cases of H5N8 in South Korea, and it may be helpful in understanding the pathobiology of novel H5N8 HPAI viruses.</P>

<i>In situ</i> lipase-catalyzed transesterification in rice bran for synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester

Choi, Nakyung,No, Da Som,Kim, Heejin,Kim, Byung Hee,Kwak, Jieun,Lee, Jeom-Sig,Kim, In-Hwan Elsevier 2018 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Vol.120 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were synthesized via <I>in situ</I> lipase-catalyzed transesterification in rice bran without additional catalyst. With this method, FAME were synthesized directly from oil in rice bran by simply adding methanol, with the aid of rice bran lipase already existing in rice bran. The effects of temperature, molar ratio (oil in rice bran to methanol), and water content of the rice bran were investigated. The yield of FAME and the free fatty acid content were monitored as a function of reaction time. The optimum conditions were a temperature of 40 °C, a molar ratio of 1:6, and a water content of 12%. Under the optimum conditions, the FAME yield of 83.4 wt% was obtained after 12 days. To further increase the FAME yield, the transesterification was repeated using the rice bran obtained from the first transesterification. The oils in rice bran that could be converted to FAME were completely transformed throughout the repeated transesterification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fatty acid methyl ester were synthesized via <I>in situ</I> reaction in rice bran. </LI> <LI> <I>In situ</I> reaction was performed by a lipase in rice bran. </LI> <LI> With the addition of methanol to rice bran, esterification occurred. </LI> <LI> Water and methanol were crucial factors for the reaction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

온도와 이산화탄소의 상승처리가 포도 ‘캠벨얼리’의 수체생육과 과실품질에 미치는 영향

손인창(In Chang Son),한점화(Jeom-Haw Han),조정건(Jung Gun Cho),김승희(Seung Heui Kim),장은하(Eun-Ha Chang),오성일(Sung Il Oh),문경환(Kyung-Hwan Moon),최인명(In-Myung Choi) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.6

본 실험은 온도와 이산화탄소 농도 상승이 3년생 ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 수체 생육 및 과실특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 처리구는 대조구(대기온도, 390㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), 온도 상승구(대기온도 + 4.0℃, 390㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), 이산화탄소 상승구(대기온도, 700㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구(대기온도 + 4.0℃, 700㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂)로 구성되었다. 평균 신초 길이는 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구가 312.6㎝로 처리구 중 가장 높았고, 대조구는 206.2㎝, 온도 상승구와 이산화탄소 상승구는 각각 255.6, 224.8㎝이었다. 하지만 신초 직경은 온도 상승구와 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 과립 횡경은 이산화탄소 농도가 높을수록 증가하였고, 당함량은 이산화탄소 상승구가 14.6°Brix로 처리구 중 가장 높았으며 온도 상승구에서 13.9°Brix로 가장 낮았다. 수확기를 조사한 결과, 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구에서는 약 11일 정도 단축되었고, 이산화탄소 상승구와 온도 상승구는 4일과 2일이 단축되었다. 생육기 광합성과 증산량을 조사한 결과, 광합성률은 이산화탄소 상승구와 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구의 생육초기에 높았으나, 하계에 접어들면서 급격히 감소하여 증산량과 상반되었다. The effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ concentration on vine growth and characteristics of fruits of three-year-old ‘Campbell Early’ grapevine were investigated. The treatment groups consisted of a control group (ambient temperature and 390 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP> CO₂), an elevated temperature group (ambient temperature + 4.0℃ and 390 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), an elevated CO₂ group (ambient temperature and 700 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), and an elevated CO₂/temperature group (ambient temperature + 4.0℃ and 700 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂). The average shoot length was 312.6 ㎝ in the elevated CO₂/temperature group, which was higher than the other groups; with 206.2 ㎝ in the control group and 255.6 ㎝ and 224.8 ㎝ in the elevated temperature group and elevated CO₂ group respectively. However, the shoot diameter showed a tendency of decreasing in the elevated temperature and elevated CO₂/temperature groups. The equatorial diameter of berries was increased in the higher carbon dioxide concentration, and the soluble solid content was the highest in the elevated CO₂ group, with 14.6 °Brix among all treatment groups and the lowest in the elevated temperature group (13.9 °Brix). The harvest date was approximately 11 d earlier in the elevated CO₂/temperature group and 4 to 2 days earlier in the elevated CO₂ group and elevated temperature group, respectively. Regarding the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration during the growth period, higher photosynthetic rates were observed in the elevated CO₂ group and the elevated CO₂/temperature group during the early stage of growth; however the photosynthetic rate was reduced dramatically in summer, which was contrary to transpiration.