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Role of the rice hexokinases OsHXK5 and OsHXK6 as glucose sensors.
Cho, Jung-Il,Ryoo, Nayeon,Eom, Joon-Seob,Lee, Dae-Woo,Kim, Hyun-Bi,Jeong, Seok-Won,Lee, Youn-Hyung,Kwon, Yong-Kook,Cho, Man-Ho,Bhoo, Seong Hee,Hahn, Tae-Ryong,Park, Youn-Il,Hwang, Ildoo,Sheen, Jen,Jeo American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 Plant Physiology Vol.149 No.2
<P>The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hexokinase 1 (AtHXK1) is recognized as an important glucose (Glc) sensor. However, the function of hexokinases as Glc sensors has not been clearly demonstrated in other plant species, including rice (Oryza sativa). To investigate the functions of rice hexokinase isoforms, we characterized OsHXK5 and OsHXK6, which are evolutionarily related to AtHXK1. Transient expression analyses using GFP fusion constructs revealed that OsHXK5 and OsHXK6 are associated with mitochondria. Interestingly, the OsHXK5DeltamTP-GFP and OsHXK6DeltamTP-GFP fusion proteins, which lack N-terminal mitochondrial targeting peptides, were present mainly in the nucleus with a small amount of the proteins seen in the cytosol. In addition, the OsHXK5NLS-GFP and OsHXK6NLS-GFP fusion proteins harboring nuclear localization signals were targeted predominantly in the nucleus, suggesting that these OsHXKs retain a dual-targeting ability to mitochondria and nuclei. In transient expression assays using promoterluciferase fusion constructs, these two OsHXKs and their catalytically inactive alleles dramatically enhanced the Glc-dependent repression of the maize (Zea mays) Rubisco small subunit (RbcS) and rice alpha-amylase genes in mesophyll protoplasts of maize and rice. Notably, the expression of OsHXK5, OsHXK6, or their mutant alleles complemented the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1 mutant, thereby resulting in wild-type characteristics in seedling development, Glc-dependent gene expression, and plant growth. Furthermore, transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsHXK5 or OsHXK6 exhibited hypersensitive plant growth retardation and enhanced repression of the photosynthetic gene RbcS in response to Glc treatment. These results provide evidence that rice OsHXK5 and OsHXK6 can function as Glc sensors.</P>
꼬마배나무이 (Cacopsylla pyricola) 저항성 배 육종재료 탐색
신일섭 ( Il Sheob Shin ),김동순 ( Dong Soon Kim ),홍성식 ( Seong Sik Hong ),김정희 ( Jeong Hee Kim ),조강희 ( Kang Hee Cho ),김세희 ( Se Hee Kim ),김현란 ( Hyun Ran Kim ),김대현 ( Dae Hyun Kim ),홍세진 ( Se Jin Hong ),황정환 ( Jeo 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.5
Breeding for pear resistance to pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola) is one of important objective of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science breeding program. One hundred thirty three accessions from 15 Asian, Chinese and European pear species were investigated for their resistance against pear psylla. The pear psylla resistance was determined based on the following four characteristics: overwintering adult population, the number of eggs and nymphs, and the degree of soot. The different pear species showed varied resistance to pear psylla. Pyrus calleryana and P. betulaefolia indicated the highest antixenosis as ovipositional preference and antibiosis as nymphal feeding and were the most resistant genetic resources. Likewise the European pears (P. communis), ``Conference`` and ``Cascade``, exhibited little occurrence and damage by pear psylla. These were proved to be promising genetic materials for breeding resistant cultivars because they had good fruit quality and showed resistance to pear paylla. The observed population of overwintering adult, the number of eggs and nymphs of psylla had significant correlation each other.
Canine Renal Failure Caused by Ochratoxin A and Citrinin in the Commercial Dog Food
So-Jeo Ahn,Seok-Young Jeoung,Man-su Lim,Son-Il Pak,Jeong-hee Han,Doo Kim 한국임상수의학회 2007 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Five dogs with renal failure were refered to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kangwon Nationalfor over 1 month. The dogs showed anorexia, emaciation, vomiting, and polydipsia/polyuria. And in one severelyaffected dog, bloody diarrhea and hypothermia were seen. The remarkable clinicopathological signs were high valueof BUN and creatinine. In some dogs, GGT, phosphorus and lipase were increased. However, no significant changesof complete blood count were found. In urinalysis, hematuria, low specific gravity urine, proteinuria, and calciumoxalate-like crystals were observed. Two severely affected dogs were died. The remained dogs were recovered graduallyafter change of dog food and supportive therapy. Pathological findings were seen typically in kidneys. Renal atrophy,tion, necrosis, dystrophic calcification and regeneration inthe tubular epithelium were seen. Yellowish brown fluorolucent laminated materials or particles were quite often foundin the lumina of the necrotizing renal tubules of cortex and medulla. Proliferation of fibrous tissue in the interstitiumwas also seen. By the mycotoxin analysis of the Pedigree dry dog fod, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin were detectedas much as the concentration of 372.8 ppb and 8.3 ppb, respectively. The final diagnosis of renal failure caused byOTA and citrinin toxicosis was made on the basis of history takings, clinical signs, clinicopathological and pathologicalfindings, and analysis of mycotoxins.
Serologic Survey for Canine Coronavirus in Adult Dogs
So-Jeo Ahn,Seok-Young Jeoung,Son-Il Pak,Doo Kim 한국임상수의학회 2007 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.24 No.4
The purposes of this study were to survey the seroprevalence of canine coronavirus (CCV) in healthy adultdogs and to determine whether there was any relationship between seroprevalence and the host parameters. Serumsamples for determination of serum neutralization antibody titers against CCV were obtained from 812 healthy adultdogs over 1 year old brought to veterinary clinics for routine health care visit in 4 provinces from January 2003 toApril 2004. Of the 812 dogs, 714 (87.9%) had positive antibody titers (more than 1 : 4) against CCV. The prevalenceof positive CCV antibody titers were not significantly associated with age, sex, rearing province and environment,and vaccination status. However, the positive CCV antibody titers were increasing with the age. These serologicalfindings have shown that prevalence of positive CCV antibody titers in Korean dogs were a relatively high and thatagainst infection with CCV as it is to vaccinate against canine parvovirus.
Epidemiological Observation on Recent Outbreaks of Canine Distemper in Korea
Doo Kim,Son-il Pak,Ji-young Park,So-jeo Ahn,Seok-young Jeoung 한국임상수의학회 2004 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.21 No.3
To characterize the recent outbreaks of canine distemper (CD) in Korea, we carried out epidemiologicalinvestigations by clinical observations, serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titer determination and RT-PCR on the 315 dogswere infected with CDV. Breed or gender did not sem to have effects on the prevalence of CD. The major part ofdogs were in young age from 6 weeks to 18 weeks of age, and were not vaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Clinicalsigns of dogs with CD were multisystemic and extremely variable. Dogs died from CD had significantly more ocularsigns and neurologic signs than those of dogs survived (p<0.05). The SN titers against CDV of 157 (96.9%) dogs wereunder 1:16, which is less than protective level. One possible explanation for recent outbreaks of CD in Korea mightbe low antibody titers against CDV because of vacination failure. Therefore, to reduce the impact of virulent infectionin the dog population, dogs should be vacinated adequately and prophylactic measures should include isolation of youngdogs from the dog population until vaccination can be expected to provide protection. 본 연구에서는 최근 국내에서 발병하는 개 디스템퍼(CD)의 역학적 조사를 위하여 2002년 2월부터 2002년 10월까지 강원도, 경기도와 서울특별시의 10개 동물병원 수의사에 의하여 CD에 감염된 것으로 잠정진단된 315마리의 개를 대상으로 하였다. 개체의 신상자료와 임상증상을 조사하였으며 CD를 확진하기 위하여 혈액의 단핵구나 결막 상피세포에서 CDV의 NP gene을 RT-PCR로 증폭하였다. CD로 의심되는 총 315마리 중 162마리가 CD 양성으로 진단 되었으며 성별과 종에 따른 발병율에는 차이가 없었다. 나이별 분포는 백신을 접종해야 하는 기간인 6-18주에 가장 높은 분포를 보였으며 1세 이상에서도 소수 발병하였다. CD 환축은 호흡기 증상, 위장관 증상, 눈의 증상 등 다양한 증상이 나타나 임상증상에 근거하여 CD를 진단하기에 어려움이 있었다. CD 양성의 개 중 84.6%가 백신을 한번도 맞지 않았거나 예방접종을 제대로 실시되지 않은 상태였으며 CDV에 대한 혈청 중화 항체가는 96.9%의 개가 방어수준 이하인 1:16 이하를 나타내었다. CD 양성 162마리와 CD음성으로 진단 된 153마리의 혈청 중화 항체가 사이에는 통계적인 유의차가 인정되었으며 (P< 0.05), CD 양성 개 중에 생존 한 개들은 폐사한 개들보다 중화 항체가 높은 경향을 보였다. 눈의 증상과 신경증상을 보인 개체들은 다른 개체들에 비해 생존율이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다 (P< 0.05). 본 연구의 결과 현재 국내에서 발병하고 있는 개 디스템퍼는 예방접종의 실패에 따라 개들의 항체 수준이 전반적으로 낮은 것에 기인하는 것으로 판단되므로 예방접종에 대한 전반적인 검토가 필요하며 예방을 위하여 감염에 취약한 시기에는 감염원에 접촉을 최소화하는 것이 중요할 것으로 판단되었다.
Distribution change of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), during 30 years in Korea
Min Kwon,Ju-Il Kim,Jong-Soo Ryu,June-Yeol Choi,Jeom-Rae Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
The potato tuber moth (PTM, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)) is a serious pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants in the field in regions with warm temperate to tropical climates, and of tubers stored under ambient temperatures post-harvest. Although PTM can be a minor to serious pest depending on the area and year, this pest is getting more and more serious to potato fields in Korea according to accidental surveys. Son (1979) represented 12.5℃ of average annual temperature as northern limit of distribution where corresponding to Youngdeog, Dalseong, Boseong and Jindo regions. Soon after, Choi and Park (1980) reported that the northern limit of PTM distribution coincided with -8℃ isotherm for average annual minimum temperature of January. In recent years, concerns on PTM occurrence and damage to potato are increasing due to climate change resulted in global warming. We carried out an extensive survey of PTM distribution using sex pheromone traps at 24 sites across the nation in 2009. As a result, we confirmed that the northern limit of PTM distribution climbed to southern Gyeonggi and middle Gangwon regions from Gyeongbuk and Chungbuk regions indicated by Choi and Park (1980). Hereafter, we are trying to investigate why drastic going northward of PTM happened in Korea. Here is one presumption that a sudden rise in average temperature has occurred during 30 years, from 6.34℃ in 1973 to 7.62℃ in 2007, especially around Daegwallyeong area where is a typical highland with 800 m high.
Epidemiological Observation on Recent Outbreaks of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in Korea
Seok-Young Jeoung,Doo Kim,So-Jeo Ahn,Son-Il Pak 한국임상수의학회 2006 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.23 No.3
ontrolled successfully by the use of low-passage hightiter modified live CPV vaccines. However, outbreaks of CPV enteritis have been continued in Korea. In this study,we carried out epidemiological investigation on the recent outbreaks of CPV enteritis of dogs and determined thepotential prognostic factors affecting the survival of dogs. The total of 140 dogs diagnosed for CPV enteritis werestatistically analysed. The majority of dogs were from 6 to 18 weeks of age and were not vaccinated or incompletelyvacinated. There were significant difference in the survival rate between male and female dogs with CPV enteritisand among the age groups (PHI titer <80 group and HI titer 160 group (P<0.05). The majority of dogs had a history of diarrhea, vomiting, lethargyand dehydration. It was considered that recent outbreak of CPV enteritis in Korea caused by the failure of vaccinationand/or by the inadequate antibody responses to CPV vaccines. Prophylactic measures should include isolation of youngdogs from the dog population until the vaccination can be expected to provide protection.