Characteristics of Korean ginseng varieties of Gumpoong, Sunun, Sunpoong, Sunone, Cheongsun, and Sunhyang

Jang-Ho Lee,Joon-Soo Lee,Woo-Saeng Kwon,Je-Yong Kang,Dong-Yun Lee,Jun-Gyo In,Yun-Soo Kim,Jiho Seo,In-Ho Baeg,Il-Moo Chang,Keith Grainger 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an important medicinal herbs in Asia. However, ginsengvarieties are less developed. Method: To developed ginseng varieties, a pure line selection method was applied in this study. Results: Gumpoong was testing of 4-yr-old specimens in 2002, the proportions of the below-groundroots that were rusty colored for Gumpoong was 1.29 in Daejeon and 1.45 in Eumseong, whereas theproportions for its yellow berry variant were 2.60 and 2.45 in the two regions, respectively. Thus theGumpoong was resistant to root rust. Sunpoong has a high yielding property. Its average root weight is70.6 g for 6-yr-old roots. Its yield is 2.9 kg/1.62m2 and the rate of heaven- and earth-grade product is20.9%, which is very high compared to 9.4% for Yunpoong. Sunone is resistance to root rot and thesurvival rate of 4-yr-old roots was 44.4% in 1997, whereas that of the violet-stem variant landrace was21.7%. Sunhyang has content of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), which produces the unique scent of redginseng, is 95.1 mmol/g and greater than the 30.8 mmol/g of Chunpoong in 6-yr-old plants. Sunun andCheongsun are being nurtured to protect genetic resources. Conclusion: Developed ginsneg varieties will be used as the basis for the protection of genetic resourcesand breeding. Jang-Ho Lee

Ballerina의 족형태 변화에 관한 비교분석

장용수 安東大學 1996 安東大學 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of ballet exercise on the growth and development of foot bones. The 12 ballerinas and 12 non-ballerinas were participated in this study, and X-ray measurement of their foot bones was executed. The results were as follows. 1. In the length of metatarsal and proximal phalanges, ballerina group showed not significantly but slightly longer results than non-ballerina group. 2. In the thickness of metatarsal and proximal phalanges, ballerina group showed significantly thicker results in the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal, and in the 2nd, 3rd and 5th proximal phalanges than non-ballerina group. 3. In the size of calcaneus, ballerina group showed not significantly but slightly bigger results than non-ballerina group. The position of calcaneus was not significantly different between two groups. 4. In the angle and width of foot, ballerina group showed significantly higher results than non-ballerina group. From the above results, ballet exercise was thought to increase the angle and width of foot.

뇌손상 후 운동신경기능 회복 기전 : 기능적 뇌 자기공명영상의 유용성 The Usefulness of fMRI Study

장성호,한봉수,장용민,변우목,김성호,조윤우 한국뇌학회 2001 한국뇌학회지 Vol.1 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 뇌손상환자에서 기능적 뇌 자기공명영상(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)을 이용한 대뇌운동피질 뇌지도화를 시행하여, 운동신경기능 회복 기전에 대한 기능적 뇌 자기공명영상의 유용성에 대하여 연구하였다. 방법: 신경학적 증상과 병력이 없는 성인 8명과 뇌손상환자 5인을 대상으로 하였다. 뇌손상환자 중 2명은 뇌종양환자이었으며 1명은 뇌출혈, 1명은 뇌경색, 1명은 뇌낭미충증환자이었다. 기능적 자기공명영상은 1.5T MR scanner로 Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent(BOLD) 기법을 적용하였다. 운동과제는 손가락을 1-2Hz의 주기로 쥐었다 펴기를 반복하도록 하였다. 결과: fMRI를 촬영한 결과 정상인 8인, 즉 총 16개의 손중 15개의 손과 환자 5인의 이환되지 않은 손운동시 반대측 일차 운동피질 꼭지(knob)를 중심으로 일차 감각운동피질(SM1)이 활성화되었다. 정상인 중 1인의 한 손에서 반대측 SM1과 동측 일차 운동피질(primary motor cortex, M1) 및 보조운동영역이 동시에 활성화되었다. 뇌손상환자의 이환측 손운동시 환자 1에서는 일차감각피질(primary sensory cortex, S1), 환자 2와 환자 3에서는 양측 SM1, 환자 4와 환자 5에서는 반대측 SM1이 활성화되었다. 환자 1에서는 손상된 M1의 운동신경기능이 S1으로 이전된 것으로 추정되며, 환자 4와 5에서는 손의 운동신경기능이 피질척수로에 의하여 유지되고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 그러나 환자 2와 환자 3에서 발견된 동측 운동피질 활성화는 본래 정상적으로 존재하던 운동신경 경로인지 뇌손상 후에 발생한 운동신경기능 회복 경로인지 구분할 수는 없었다. 결론: fMRI을 통한 대뇌 운동피질 지도화는 뇌손상 후 병변 주위로의 재조직되는 회복 기전과 피질척수로에 의해 운동신경기능이 유지되고 있음을 입증하는데에 유용할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: This study investigated the usefulness of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the research of motor recovery mechanisms in brain injured patients. Method: Eight control subjects and five brain injured patients were investigated. Out of five patients, two were with brain tumor, one cerebral hemorrhage, one cerebral infarction, and one neurocysticercosis. fMRI was performed using the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) technique at 1.5 TMR scanner with a standard head coil. The motor activation task consisted of finger flexion-extension exercises in 1-2 Hz cycles. Results: fMRI showed activation of the contralateral primary sensori-motor cortex(SM1) by the hand movements of all control subjects and by the unaffected hand movements of all brain-injured patients. Activation of the supplementary motor area(SMA) by one hand movement was also seen in one control subject. Hand movements of the affected hand of the brain injured patients resulted in activation of the contralateral primary sensory cortex(S1) in patient 1, both SM1 in patients 2 and 3, and the contralateral SM1 in patients 4 and 5. Conclusions: It is concluded that fMRI is useful for the research of perilesional reorganization and sparing of the corticospinal tract during the motor recovery mechanisms after brain injury.

FT-IR을 이용한 치면열구전색재의 탄소이중결합량 분석

이용근,장광수 원광대학교 생체재료·매식연구소 1996 원광생체재료·매식 Vol.4 No.3

The degree of polymerization of cross-inked polymer has great importance in determining the mechanical properties and clinical availability of materials. Residual double bonds have been implicated in causing reduced wear resistance, strength and color stability. IR spectroscopy has become very popular for the determination of degree of the double bond conversion. The object of this study was to evaluate the differences of remaining aliphatic carbon double bond(RB) content of pit and fissure sealants after immersion in four kinds of solutions for 15 days. One kind of chemically cured pit and fissure sealant and three kinds of light cured pit and fissure sealants were studied. The concentration of available carbon double bonds in the uncured sealants was determined in the transmission mode and converted to absorption mode, a layer of unpolymerized sealant was sandwiched between two potassium bromide discs. Spectra from 16 scans over the 2,000∼1,000 cm^-1 were obtained. Specimens 20 mm in diameter and 0.15 mm in thickness were made according to the manufacturer's instructions. 10 minutes after the start of polymerization, the specimens were immersed in 4 solutions, 1 M lactic acid solution, 1 M acetic acid solution, 75% ethanol solution, and normal saline. One was not immersed as a control. At the time of storage in a 37℃ incubator for 3 days and 15 days, the specimen was sandwiched between two potassium bromide (KBr) discs and FT-IR scan was taken by the same methods as the uncured sealants. Using standard baseline technique, the intensities of the C=C absorption peak at 1635.78 cm^-1 and the C....C reference peak at 1608.78 cm^-1 were measured by peak-picking procedure The ratio of aliphatic carbon double bond to aromatic double bond in uncured pit and fissure sealants was 1.112∼1.564. The percentage of RB after storage for 3 days was 59.8∼90.4%. After 15 days it was 56.3∼76.3%. In chemically cured pit and fissure sealants, there was no significant difference in RB stored for 3 days storage specimens. In light cured pit and fissure sealants, the percentage of RB after storage in ethanol for 15 days was reduced significantly (p<0.05) compared to that of after 3 days.

건물의 에너지 효율을 위한 건축적 계획 방법 연구 : 자연실온과 환경 디자인 요소의 상관도 분석을 중심으로 Focused on Correlation Analysis of NART and Environmental Design Factors

장용성,이현수,서승직,박효순 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

This study intends to deriving the equation of non-airconditioned room temperature(hereafter referred to as NART) prediction from the correlation analysis of the influence of environmental design factors on the building. The relation between the NART and environmental design factors was analysed by using correlation coefficients. The equation of NART prediction was derived from the regression analysis by experimentation and simulation. In this study, the main results are summarized as follows: The average NART of experiment and simulation were evaluated to 22.0℃ and 22.6℃, respectively. An error of simulation was the 2.7%. The results from correlation analysis was con-elated with the daily average outdoor temperature, soil temperature, solar intensity, relative humidity, and air velocity in order. Con-elation coefficients of the daily average outdoor temperature, NART, and peak air conditioning load were over the 0.75. According to the sensitivity analysis of environmental design factors and air conditioning load in reference model, the influence of air infiltration and window surface ratio were more than outside insultion.

서울시민의 수돗물 불소화에 대한 인식

장재연,조수남,윤제용 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Public perception concerning water fluoridation and influencing factors were assessed. A mailing survey was conducted in 1999 with a representative sample of the general Seoul citizen (response rate=40.1%), who consisted of 1108 adults aged between 20 and 78. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and structural equation modeling. 48.3% favored and 11.4% opposed water fluoridation while 40.5% were not certain. The contact on information about water fluoridation was the most significantly influencing factor on the perception concerning water fluoridation while experience of marriage, income and the perception of tap water were also significant. 52.8% expect governmental health authorities to take the decisions about water fluoridation.

수중불분리 콘크리트의 부착특성에 관한 실험적 연구

장일영,고용득,윤영수 金烏工科大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

An experimented study was carried out for the estimate of the bond strength property of underwater non-segregation concrete. The action of bond force and slip are affected by various factors. Bond is made up of three components of chemical adhesion and friction, mechanical interaction between concrete and steel. But properties of underwater non-segregation concrete is different from other type of concrete. This study addresses the comparison of physical properties of concrete according to the use of different cement types. It is also recommended to select a proper cement type depending on structural characteristics. Rational analytic formula for the modulus of rupture and bond stress are to be predicted from compressive strength of concrete.

장중년층 여성의 %Fat 및 Vo2max 조사분석 : 안동 지역을 중심으로 Focused on the Ahndong Region

장용수 安東大學 1995 安東大學 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

우리나라 중소도시 장중년 여성들의 심폐기능 평가에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 안동지역에 거주하는 35-49세의 주부 60명을 대상으로 주기적 운동집단, 비주기적 운동집단 및 비운동집단으로 분류하여 피지후 및 심박수를 측정하여 %Fat와 MAP를 산출한 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상완배부(triceps skinfold) 및 견갑하부(subscapular skinfold)의 피지후 측정 결과 및 이로부터 산출한 체지방율(%Fat)은 집단간 유의차는 없었으나 주기적 운동집단에서 낮고 비운동 집단에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 안정시 심박수는 세집단간에 별 차이가 없었으나, 스텝테스트 운동부하후에 측정한 심박수에서 운동강도가 강할수록 주기적 운동집단에 비해 비운동집단의 증가폭이 큰것으로 나타났다. 3. 운동시 최대산소 섭취량은 세집단간 유의차는 없었으나 주기적 운동집단에서 높고 비운동집단으로 갈수록 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the %Fat and Vo2max of mature and middle aged female residing in Andong region. The subjects oarticipated in this study was 60 females aged from 35 to 49 years old, and were divided into REG(Regular Exercise Group), IEG(Irregular Exercise Group) and NEG(Non-Exercise Group). The results were as follows : 1. The results of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, and of calculated %Fat from skinfold thickness were not significantly different among three groups, but showed the tensency of low results in REG and high results in NEG. 2. Heart rate results of resting state were not different among three groups, but those increasing rate after step test exercise were low in REG and high in NEG incresinply in accordance with exercise loads(step frequencies) incresement. 3. Vo_(2)max calculated from heart rate after step test exercise was not significantly different among three groups, but showed the tendency of high results in REG and low results in NEG.

수용성 키틴이 백서 창상치유에 미치는 영향

강장석,조용남,정상훈,유 결,임진수,권 호,조용우,고석원 大韓成形外科學會 2001 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.28 No.1

partial pulpotomy를 이용한 미성숙 영구치의 치수 치료: 증례 보고

장기택,노승철,한세현,김정욱,김용수 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

치수치료의 주요한 목적은 구강조직의 본래의 건강을 유지하는 것이며, 치수치료 시 가장 중요하고 어려운 점은 치수조직의 건강상태 또는 염증의 정도를 결정함으로써 최선의 치료방법을 결정하는 것이다. 미성숙 영구치는 풍부한 혈류 공급으로 다양한 손상에 성공적으로 반응하게끔 치수의 능력을 향상시킴으로써 많은 치수치료 술식을 위한 좋은 조건을 가지고 있다. 기저재(base) 또는 이장재(liner), 간접 치수복조술, 직접 치수복조술, 그리고 치경부 치수절단술을 포함한 여러 종류의 보존적인 치수치료가 미성숙 영구치를 위해 추천되어 왔다. 근래에는 외상으로 인하여 치수노출된 영구절치를 치료하는데 있어 주로 제시된 부분 치수절단술(partial pulpotomy)이 우식으로 인해 치수노출된 영구대구치를 치료하는 또다른 술식으로 제안되고 있다. 부분 치수절단술 후 치아가 다음의 criteria를 만족시킬 때 치유가 되었다고 결론지었다. 1. 임상적 무증상 2. dentin bridge 형성의 방사선학적 증거 3. 방사선상에 치수내 또는 치근단 병소가 없다는 증거 4. 지속적인 치근 발육과 미성숙 치아의 치근첨 형성 5. 성숙된 치아에서 정상적인 상아질의 축적 6. 전기치수검사에서 양성 반응 이에 저자는 미성숙 영구치에서 우식 또는 외상으로 인한 치수노출시 부분 치수절단술을 행하여 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. The primary objective of pulp treatment is to maintain the integrity and health of the oral tissues. The most important and difficult aspect of pulp therapy is determining the health of the pulp, or its stage of inflammation, so that a decision can be made regarding the best form of treatment. Immature permanent teeth are good candidates for many pulp healing procedures, due to their rich blood supply, which is believed to enhance the pulp's ability to react successfully to various insults. Healing was considered to have taken place when the tooth fulfilled the following criteria: 1. Abscence of clinical symtoms 2. Radiographic evidence of dentin bridge formation 3. No intrapulpal or periapical pathosis was evident radiographically 4. Continued root development and closure of the apex in immature teeth 5. Normal dentin apposition in mature teeth 6. Positive response to electrical pulp test This presents a report of cases in which immature permanent teeth, pulp-exposed by caries or trauma, was treated successfully by partial pulpotomy