Mutation in the Transcriptional Regulator PhoP Contributes to Avirulence of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Ra Strain

Lee, Jong Seok,Krause, Roland,Schreiber, Jö,rg,Mollenkopf, Hans-Joachim,Kowall, Jane,Stein, Robert,Jeon, Bo-Young,Kwak, Jeong-Yeon,Song, Min-Kyong,Patron, Juan Pablo,Jorg, Sabine,Roh, Kyoungmin,Ch Elsevier 2008 Cell host & microbe Vol.3 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Attenuated strains of mycobacteria can be exploited to determine genes essential for their pathogenesis and persistence. To this goal, we sequenced the genome of H37Ra, an attenuated variant of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> H37Rv strain. Comparison with H37Rv revealed three unique coding region polymorphisms. One polymorphism was located in the DNA-binding domain of the transcriptional regulator PhoP, causing the protein's diminished DNA-binding capacity. Temporal gene expression profiles showed that several genes with reduced expression in H37Ra were also repressed in an H37Rv phoP knockout strain. At later time points, genes of the dormancy regulon, typically expressed in a state of nonreplicating persistence, were upregulated in H37Ra. Complementation of H37Ra with H37Rv <I>phoP</I> partially restored its persistence in a murine macrophage infection model. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of identifying minute but distinct differences between isogenic strains and illustrates the consequences of single point mutations on the survival stratagem of <I>M. tuberculosis.</I></P>

Dopamine Measurement during Prolonged Deep Brain Stimulation: A Proof-of-Principle Study of Paired Pulse Voltammetry

Kendall H. Lee,Seungleal Brian Paek,Emily Jane Knight,Su-Youne Chang,J. Luis Lujan,장동표,Kevin E. Bennet 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.1

Purpose Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been effective in treating various neurological and psychiatric disorders;however, its underlying mechanism hasn’t been completely understood. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a valuable tool to elucidate underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms of DBS, due to its sub-second temporal resolution and direct identification of analytes. However, since DBS-like high frequency stimulation evokes neurotransmitter release as well as extracellular pH shift, it is hard to isolate the neurotransmitter signal from the complex environment. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of a modified FSCV technique, Paired Pulse Voltammetry (PPV), in detecting dopamine (DA) release in the caudate nucleus during long-term electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in the rat. Methods Unlike traditional FSCV applying a single triangular waveform, PPV employs a binary waveform with a specific time gap (2.2 ms) in between the comprising pulses. DA measurement was performed with a carbon fiber microelectrode placed in the caudate nucleus and a twisted bipolar stimulating electrode in the MFB. PPV data was collected with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurochemical Concentration Sensing System (WINCS). Results Using PPV, the detection of DA was evident throughout the long-term stimulation (5 minutes); however, without PPV,in vivo environmental changes including pH shift eventually obscured the characteristic oxidation current of DA at 0.6V. Conclusions These results indicate that PPV can be a valuable tool to accurately determine DA dynamics in a complex in vivo environment during long-term electrical stimulation.

코로나19(COVID-19) 상황 특수교육 대상 유아의 조기중재 서비스 제공 실태 및 유아특수교육전문가들을 위한 지원 요구

강성리,허계형,Jane J. Lee,Hollie Hix-Small,Elizabeth Steed 한국유아특수교육학회 2020 유아특수교육연구 Vol.20 No.4

This study aims to investigate the state of early intervention services provided and needs of early childhood special education professionals during COVID-19. An online questionnaire developed by foreign and Korean researchers in the field of early childhood special education was distributed to early childhood special professionals who provide education, childcare, and therapeutic services to young children with disabilities nationwide. A total of 105 questionnaires were collected, and used for data analysis. Frequency analysis and multiple answering method were used for multiple choices, and categorizing analysis has been implemented on the open-ended answers. Results of the study present the current status, difficulties, and needs of early intervention and special education services for young children with disabilities provided by early childhood special professionals during COVID-19. Based on the results, early intervention services for young children with disabilities and supportive strategies for early childhood special professionals during a pandemic situation are discussed. Additionally, limitations and suggestions for further research has been followed. 본 연구는 코로나19(COVID-19) 상황에서 국내 유아특수교육전문가의 장애 영․유아대상 조기중재 서비스 제공 실태와 요구를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 전국의 장애 영․유아 대상 교육 및 보육, 치료서비스를 제공하는 유아특수교육전문인들을 대상으로 하여 국내외 유아특수교육분야 연구진들이 개발한 온라인 설문을 배포하였다. 총 105개의 자료가 수집되었고, 자료 분석에 사용되었다. 자료 분석은 조기중재 서비스 제공 실태에 대한 빈도분석, 다중응답 방법 분석, 개방형 문항에 대한 분류 분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과는 코로나19 상황에서 유아특수교육전문가가 제공하는 조기중재 및 유아특수교육 서비스 실태와 어려움, 재난 상황에서 요구되는 구체적인 지원 요구를 파악하여 제시하였다. 연구 결과를 토대로 재난 상황에서 특수교육 대상 유아들을 위해 요구되는 조기중재 서비스와 유아특수교육 전문가들을 위한 지원 요구 방안을 논하였다. 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제안에 대하여 추가로 제시하였다.

AHP를 이용한 온라인게임의 품질평가 모델 개발

임창주(C J Lim),이재인(Jane Lee) 한국컴퓨터게임학회 2006 한국컴퓨터게임학회논문지 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구에서는 온라인게임의 품질특성을 도출하고 AHP를 이용하여 가중치 설정함으로써 품질 평가 모델을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 일반적인 소프트웨어 품질특성으로부터 게임의 품질특성을 구체화하고, 온라인 게임으로 더 범위를 좁혀 그 품질특성들에 대해서 논의를 하였다. 또한 각 품질특성에 대한 가중치 설정을 위해 AHP 방법을 이용하여 온라인 게임 전문가들을 대상으로 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 AHP를 이용한 온라인 게임의 품질평가 모델은 지속적으로 개발되고 있는 온라인게임 제품의 품질향상을 위한 기초정보를 제공할 수 있다. In this paper we developed a quality evaluation model for online games by using AHP to formulate quality characteristics and their weights. To this end, we first collected and analyzed quality characteristics of general software and then narrowed down its scope to the quality characteristics of online games. Last, we determined the weights of the quality characteristics using AHP based on the data collected from an online game expertise group. The quality evaluation model for online games proposed in this paper will provide basic information for quality improvement of online games under development.

Dopamine Measurement during Prolonged Deep Brain Stimulation: A Proof-of-Principle Study of Paired Pulse Voltammetry

Seungleal Brian Paek,Emily Jane Knight,Su-Youne Chang,J. Luis Lujan,장동표,Kevin E. Bennet,Kendall H. Lee 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.2

Purpose Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been effective in treating various neurological and psychiatric disorders; however, its underlying mechanism hasn’t been completely understood. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a valuable tool to elucidate underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms of DBS, due to its sub-second temporal resolution and direct identification of analytes. However, since DBS-like high frequency stimulation evokes neurotransmitter release as well as extracellular pH shift, it is hard to isolate the neurotransmitter signal from the complex environment. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of a modified FSCV technique, Paired Pulse Voltammetry (PPV), in detecting dopamine (DA) release in the caudate nucleus during long-term electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in the rat. Methods Unlike traditional FSCV applying a single triangular waveform, PPV employs a binary waveform with a specific time gap (2.2 ms) in between the comprising pulses. DA measurement was performed with a carbon fiber microelectrode placed in the caudate nucleus and a twisted bipolar stimulating electrode in the MFB. PPV data was collected with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurochemical Concentration Sensing System (WINCS). Results Using PPV, the detection of DA was evident throughout the long-term stimulation (5 minutes); however, without PPV, in vivo environmental changes including pH shift eventually obscured the characteristic oxidation current of DA at 0.6V. Conclusions These results indicate that PPV can be a valuable tool to accurately determine DA dynamics in a complex in vivo environment during long-term electrical stimulation.

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases : The Role of NF-AT/AP-1 Element in the Repression of IL-5 Transcription by the Glucocorticoid Receptor in IL-5 Promoter

( Young Koo Jee ),( Yun Seop Kim ),( Jae Suk Park ),( Kye Young Lee ),( Jane Gilmour ),( Philip J. Smith ),( Tak H. Lee ),( Paul Lavender ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2002 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.95 No.-