Bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy, analysis of constant risk

Jair Diaz-Martinez,Oscar Chapa-Azuela,Jorge Alberto Roldan-Garcia,Gustavo Alain Flores-Rangel 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims: The bile duct injuries are the most severe complications that occur after the surgical manipulation of the bile duct. The hepaticojejunostomy remained as the best treatment. Several factors identified that affect the result. This study aimed to analyze and identify risk factors that affected the evolution of these patients. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted from February 1998 to June 2017. We included all patients with bile duct injuries who required surgical treatment. Results: We found 79 patients. The majority had a Bismuth type III in 35.4% (n=28). The morbidity of the Hepaticojejunostomy was 19% (n=15). In short-term follow-up, the main complications were cholangitis 11.4% (n=9) and bile leak 10% (n=8). In the long-term follow-up, in 2.5% (n=2) stricture was presented. On the comparison between postoperative and preoperative parameters, biliary peritonitis after a cholecystectomy (p=0.02) was an independent predictor of postoperative morbidity (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of bile duct injuries, different factors affect their outcomes. Our results show that infectious complications continue to affect the results of the treatment of bile duct lesions.

Minimizing environmental impact from optimized sizing of reinforced concrete elements

Jair F. Santoro,Moacir Kripka 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.25 No.2

The construction field must always explore sustainable ways of using its raw materials. Studying the environmental impact generated by reinforced concrete raw materials during their production and transportation can contribute to reducing this impact. This paper initially presents the carbon dioxide emissions from reinforced concrete raw materials, quantified per kilo of raw material and per cubic meter of concrete with different characteristic strengths, for southern Brazil. Subsequently, reinforced concrete elements were optimized to minimize their environmental impact and cost. It was observed that lower values of carbon dioxide emissions and cost savings are generated for less resistant concrete when the structural element is a beam, and that reductions in the cross section dimensions of the beams, sized based on the use of higher strength concrete, may not compensate for the increased environmental impact and costs. For the columns, the behavior differed, presenting lower values of carbon dioxide emissions and costs for higher concrete strengths. The proposed methodology, as well as the results obtained, can be used to support structural projects that have less impact on the environment.

An Image-Based High-Content Screening Assay for Compounds Targeting Intracellular <i>Leishmania donovani</i> Amastigotes in Human Macrophages

Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.,Moon, Seunghyun,Jang, Jiyeon,Yang, Gyongseon,Lee, Changbok,Moon, Hong Kee,Chatelain, Eric,Genovesio, Auguste,Cechetto, Jonathan,Freitas-Junior, Lucio H. Public Library of Science 2012 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.6 No.6

<▼1><P>Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease threatening 350 million people from endemic regions. The available drugs for treatment are inadequate, with limitations such as serious side effects, parasite resistance or high cost. Driven by this need for new drugs, we developed a high-content, high-throughput image-based screening assay targeting the intracellular amastigote stage of different species of <I>Leishmania</I> in infected human macrophages. The <I>in vitro</I> infection protocol was adapted to a 384-well-plate format, enabling acquisition of a large amount of readouts by automated confocal microscopy. The reading method was based on DNA staining and required the development of a customized algorithm to analyze the images, which enabled the use of non-modified parasites. The automated analysis generated parameters used to quantify compound activity, including infection ratio as well as the number of intracellular amastigote parasites and yielded cytotoxicity information based on the number of host cells. Comparison of this assay with one that used the promastigote form to screen 26,500 compounds showed that 50% of the hits selected against the intracellular amastigote were not selected in the promastigote screening. These data corroborate the idea that the intracellular amastigote form of the parasite is the most appropriate to be used in primary screening assay for <I>Leishmania</I>.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Leishmaniasis, one of the most neglected tropical diseases, affects over 2 million people each year. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-azar, is caused by the protozoan parasites <I>Leishmania donovani</I> and <I>Leishmania infantum</I> and is fatal if left untreated. Because existing treatments are often ineffective due to parasite resistance and/or toxicity new drugs are urgently needed. Leishmaniasis is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly. In the insect vector, parasites exist as flagellated forms—promastigotes, which infect macrophage cells of the human host, where they differentiate to round forms known as amastigotes. Amastigotes and promastigotes are substantially different from a molecular perspective. Drug discovery for leishmaniasis has traditionally been complicated by the unavailability of validated drug targets and of relevant drug assays. Whole cell-based assays have been widely used, as they bypass the need for a validated target. However, they use the insect form of the parasite; indeed, the human form, the intracellular amastigote, is difficult to obtain in the laboratory in quantities compatible with drug screening. We describe here the technical advances that made it possible to adapt the intracellular amastigote form of <I>L. donovani</I> to a drug assay compatible with high-throughput screening.</P></▼2>

Antileishmanial High-Throughput Drug Screening Reveals Drug Candidates with New Scaffolds

Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.,Song, Ok-Ryul,Oh, Hyunrim,Sohn, Jeong-Hun,Yang, Gyongseon,Nam, Jiyoun,Jang, Jiyeon,Cechetto, Jonathan,Lee, Chang Bok,Moon, Seunghyun,Genovesio, Auguste,Chatelain, Eric,Christoph Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.4 No.5

<▼1><P>Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment often show parasite resistance, highly toxic side effects and prohibitive costs commonly incompatible with patients from the tropical endemic countries. In this sense, there is an urgent need for new drugs as a treatment solution for this neglected disease. Here we show the development and implementation of an automated high-throughput viability screening assay for the discovery of new drugs against <I>Leishmania</I>. Assay validation was done with <I>Leishmania</I> promastigote forms, including the screening of 4,000 compounds with known pharmacological properties. In an attempt to find new compounds with leishmanicidal properties, 26,500 structurally diverse chemical compounds were screened. A cut-off of 70% growth inhibition in the primary screening led to the identification of 567 active compounds. Cellular toxicity and selectivity were responsible for the exclusion of 78% of the pre-selected compounds. The activity of the remaining 124 compounds was confirmed against the intramacrophagic amastigote form of the parasite. <I>In vitro</I> microsomal stability and cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition of the two most active compounds from this screening effort were assessed to obtain preliminary information on their metabolism in the host. The HTS approach employed here resulted in the discovery of two new antileishmanial compounds, bringing promising candidates to the leishmaniasis drug discovery pipeline.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Every year, more than 2 million people worldwide suffer from leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease present in 88 countries. The disease is caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite species of the genus <I>Leishmania</I>, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of the sandfly. The disease manifests itself in a broad range of symptoms, and its most virulent form, named visceral leishmaniasis, is lethal if not treated. Most of the few available treatments for leishmaniasis were developed decades ago and are often toxic, sometimes even leading to the patient's death. Furthermore, the parasite is developing resistance to available drugs, making the discovery and development of new antileishmanials an urgent need. To tackle this problem, the authors of this study employed the use of high-throughput technologies to screen a large library of small, synthetic molecules for their ability to interfere with the viability of <I>Leishmania</I> parasites. This study resulted in the discovery of two novel compounds with leishmanicidal properties and promising drug-like properties, bringing new candidates to the leishmaniasis drug discovery pipeline.</P></▼2>

High Content Screening Pipe Line for Leishmaniasis

Seunghyun Moon,Jair L. Siqueira-Neto,Lucio H. Freitas-Junoir,Auguste Genovesio,Myungjoo Kang 한국산업응용수학회 2009 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

Bermuda Grass Hay or Sorghum Silage with or without Yeast Addition on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Crossbred Young Bulls Finished in Feedlot

Maggioni, Daniele,De Araujo, Jair Marques,Perotto, Daniel,Rotta, Polyana Pizzi,Ducatti, Taciana,Matsushita, Makoto,Silva, Roberio Rodrigues,Prado, Ivanor Nunes do Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.2

This experiment was carried out to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of 40 crossbred young bulls ($Zebu{\times}European$) finished in a feedlot under two roughage sources (Bermuda grass hay or sorghum silage) with or without the addition of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). The bulls were 20 months old, their initial average weight was 356 kg and they were allocated into four groups of ten animals. The experimental diets were Bermuda grass, Bermuda grass+yeast, sorghum silage and sorghum silage +yeast. Animal performance and carcass characteristics were not influenced by roughage source or yeast addition. The average daily weight gain was 1.50 kg, dry matter intake (DMI) was 11.1 kg/d, DMI as percentage of liveweight was 2.60% and feed dry matter conversion was 7.70. The mean dressing percentage was 52.0% and hot carcass weight was 268 kg. Carcass conformation was classified between good-minus to good. Carcass length (137 cm), leg length (72.9 cm) and cushion thickness (26.6 cm) were not influenced by treatments. The average fat thickness was 3.80 mm and the Longissimus muscle area was 66.9 $cm^{2}$. The classification of color, texture and marbling were slightly dark red to red, fine and slight-minus to light-typical, respectively. The mean percentage of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass was 15.5%, 62.3% and 22.5%, respectively. Yeast addition increased ${\gamma}$-linolenic fatty acid (0.15 vs. 0.11%) deposition. Bermuda grass hay increased deposition of ${\alpha}$-linolenic (0.49 vs. 0.41%), arachidonic (2.30 vs. 1.57%), eicosapentaenoic (0.41 vs. 0.29%), docosapentaenoic (0.80 vs. 0.62%), docosahexaenoic (0.11 vs. 0.06%) and n-3 fatty acids, and reduced n-6: n-3 ratio in meat, when compared to sorghum silage treatments. The treatments had no effect on saturated fatty acids (49.5%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (11.8%), n-6 fatty acids (9.87%), n-3 (1.61%) and PUFA:SFA ratio (0.24). Monounsaturated fatty acid levels were higher on sorghum silage (40.7 vs. 37.7%). The addition of yeast caused higher n-6: n-3 ratio (7.28 vs. 5.70) than treatments without yeast.

Association between decreased ovarian reserve and poor oocyte quality

( Viviane Margareth Scantamburlo ),( Renate Von Linsingen ),( Lidio Jair Ribas Centa ),( Kahisa Fontana Dal Toso ),( Debora Scaraboto ),( Edward Araujo Júnior ),( Jaime Kulak Junior ) 대한산부인과학회 2021 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.64 No.6

Objective To analyze the association between oocyte quality and decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) markers in young women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Methods This retrospective study included 49 patients classified as having DOR based on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, or antral follicle counts (AFCs; <10). Images of all obtained oocytes were analyzed, and oocyte quality was classified according to maturity and morphology. The COS protocol utilized gonadotropin (FSH and/or human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG]) doses ranging from 150 to 300 IU/day. The Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Spearman’s coefficients were estimated to verify the correlation between the administered dose of FSH/hMG and the number of mature oocytes. To evaluate the association between patient- and oocyte-related variables, logistic regression models were adjusted. Results Women with DOR classified according to FSH level had more immature oocytes (P<0.001). Women with DOR according to AMH had fewer mature oocytes and increased basal FSH levels (P<0.001). Women with DOR according to AFC had an increased risk of abnormally shaped oocytes (P=0.035). Conclusion This study showed that DOR based on AMH levels, FSH levels, and AFC was associated with poorer quality oocytes in young women who underwent COS.

Floristic Composition of Stinker Point, Elephant Island, Antarctica

Antonio Batista Pereira(안토니오 바티스타 뻬레이라),Jair Putzke(자이르 푸츠케) 한국해양과학기술원 1994 KOREAN JOURNAL of Polar Research Vol.5 No.2

Comparative study of acute in vitro and short-term in vivo triiodothyronine treatments on the contractile activity of isolated rat thoracic aortas

Ruth Mery Ló,pez,Jorge Skiold Ló,pez,Jair Lozano,Hé,ctor Flores,Rosa Angelica Carranza,Antonio Franco,Enrique Fernando Castillo 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.24 No.4

We aimed to characterize the participation of rapid non-genomic and delayed non-genomic/genomic or genomic mechanisms in vasoactive effects to triiodothyronine (T3), emphasizing functional analysis of the involvement of these mechanisms in the genesis of nitric oxide (NO) of endothelial or muscular origin. Influences of in vitro and in vivo T3 treatments on contractile and relaxant responsiveness of isolated rat aortas were studied. In vivo T3-treatment was 500 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, subcutaneous injection, for 1 (T31d) and 3 (T33d) days. In experiments with endothelium- intact aortic rings contracted with phenylephrine, increasing concentrations of T3 did not alter contractility. Likewise, in vitro T3 did not modify relaxant responses induced by acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nor contractile responses elicited by phenylephrine or angiotensin II in endothelium-intact aortas. Concentration- response curves (CRCs) to acetylcholine and SNP in endothelium-intact aortic rings from T31d and T33d rats were unmodified. T33d, but not T31d, treatment diminished CRCs to phenylephrine in endothelium-intact aortic rings. CRCs to phenylephrine remained significantly depressed in both endothelium-denuded and endothelium- intact, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor-treated, aortas of T33d rats. In endotheliumdenuded aortas of T33d rats, CRCs to angiotensin II, and high K⁺ contractures, were decreased. Thus, in vitro T3 neither modified phenylephrine-induced active tonus nor CRCs to relaxant and contractile agonists in endothelium-intact aortas, discarding rapid non-genomic actions of this hormone in smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Otherwise, T33d-treatment inhibited aortic smooth muscle capacity to contract, but not to relax, in an endothelium- and NO-independent manner. This effect may be mediated by delayed non-genomic/genomic or genomic mechanisms.

Simultaneous feeding of calcium butyrate and tannin extract decreased the incidence of diarrhea and proinflammatory markers in weaned piglets

Maito Camila Demarco,Melo Antonio Diego Brandão,Oliveira Angela Cristina da Fonseca de,Genova Jansller Luiz,Filho Jair Rodini Engracia,Macedo Renata Ernlund Freitas de,Monteiro Kelly Mazutti,Webe 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets. Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrateand tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum. Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets.Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples.Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrate-and tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum.Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets.