Painless injections-a possibility with low level laser therapy

Jagtap, Bhagyashree,Bhate, Kalyani,Magoo, Surabhi,Santhoshkumar, S.N,Gajendragadkar, Kunal Suhas,Joshi, Sagar The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2019 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.19 No.3

Background: Dental procedures commonly involve the injection of local anesthetic agents, which causes apprehension in patients. The objective of dental practice is to provide painless treatment to the patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in reducing the pain due to local anesthetic injection. Materials and Methods: A prospective, split-mouth study was conducted on 25 patients. In Condition A, LLLT was administered followed by the administration of a standard local anesthetic agent. Patients' perception of pain with use of LLLT was assessed based on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In Condition B, LLLT was directed to the mucosa but not activated, followed by the administration of local anesthesia. VAS was used to assess the pain level without the use of LLLT. Results: Comparison between Condition A and Condition B was done. A P value < 0.001 was considered significant, indicating a definite statistical difference between the two conditions. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that LLLT reduced pain during injection of local anesthesia. Further multi-centric studies with a larger sample size and various modifications in the study design are required.

Status of Agrometeorological Information and Dissemination Networks

Jagtap, Shrikant,Li, Chunqiang 한국농림기상학회 2004 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.6 No.2

농업기상정보에 대한 수요는 흥미로운 내용보다는 농업현장에서 사용자가 직접 활용할 수 있는 내용이 점증하고 있다. 이러한 수요에 부응하기 위해서는 지역 또는 집단 별로 소속 농민을 위한 지역특성이 반영된 기후/기상 정보를 개발, 제공하여야 한다. 그리고 최종 사용자가 공식 기상기구에 의해 발표된 기상/기후 예보르 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는 도구가 제공되어야 한다. 특히 기본이 되는 근간자료를 포함하여 실시간 기상정보도 농민에게 함께 제공되어야 한다. 따라서 이상적인 농업기상정보시스템은 다음과 같은 요소를 포함하여야 한다. 1) 효율적인 자료 관측과 수집 체계, 2) 최신 통신시스템, 3) 표준 자료관리, 가공 및 분석 시스템, 및 4) 첨단 기술정보 배분시스템 등. 향후 인터넷이 농업기상정보 전달과 배분에 있어서 지속적으로 중요한 역할을 수행하겠지만 정보 풍요국과 빈곤국간의 격차는 날로 심화되어 갈 것이다. 그리고 농촌지역은 정보통로의 가장 끝자락을 의미하는데, 앞으로 많은 나라에서 정보통신 수단으로 TV, 라디오, 전화, 신문 및 팩스 등에 의존할 것으로 보이며, 정보와 배분 수단 확충에 필요한 가용 인적 및 경제적 자원에 따라 국가간에 그 달성 여하에 차이가 있을 것이다. 이러한 차이점들은 농업기상 정보태분시스템 구축설계시에 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 과거 경험에 따르면, 사용자 요구에 적극 부응하는 정보들에 대한 손쉬운 접근을 통해서 기후정보의 활용이 근원적으로 증대한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 지리정보시스템과 원격탐사정보의 농업기상분야 적용도 향후 그 전망이 매우 밝은 분야라고 생각된다. There is a growing demand for agrometeorological information that end-users can use and not just interesting information. To achieve this, each region/community needs to develop and provide localized climate and weather information for growers. Additionally, provide tools to help local users interpret climate forecasts issued by the National Weather Service in the country. Real time information should be provided for farmers, including some basic data. An ideal agrometeorological information system includes several components: an efficient data measuring and collection system; a modern telecommunication system; a standard data management, processing and analysis system; and an advanced technological information dissemination system. While it is conventional wisdom that, Internet is and will play a major role in the delivery and dissemination of agrometeorological information, there are large gaps between the "information rich" and the "information poor" countries. Rural communities represent the "last mile of connectivity". For some time to come, TV broadcast, radio, phone, newspaper and fax will be used in many countries for communication. The differences in achieving this among countries arise from the human and financial resources available to implement this information and the methods of information dissemination. These differences must be considered in designing any information dissemination system. Experience shows that easy access to information more tailored to user needs would substantially increase use of climate information. Opportunities remain unexplored for applications of geographical information systems and remote sensing in agro meteorology.

Characterization of a novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Armillaria gemina and its application in biomass hydrolysis

Jagtap, Sujit Sadashiv,Dhiman, Saurabh Sudha,Kim, Tae-Su,Kim, In-Won,Lee, Jung-Kul Springer-Verlag 2014 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.98 No.2

Comparative Biochemical Characterization of Three Exolytic Oligoalginate Lyases from <i>Vibrio splendidus</i> Reveals Complementary Substrate Scope, Temperature, and pH Adaptations

Jagtap, Sujit Sadashiv,Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik,Polz, Martin F.,Lee, Jung-Kul,Zhao, Huimin American Society for Microbiology 2014 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.80 No.14

<P>Marine microbes use alginate lyases to degrade and catabolize alginate, a major cell wall matrix polysaccharide of brown seaweeds. Microbes frequently contain multiple, apparently redundant alginate lyases, raising the question of whether these enzymes have complementary functions. We report here on the molecular cloning and functional characterization of three exo-type oligoalginate lyases (OalA, OalB, and OalC) from <I>Vibrio splendidus</I> 12B01 (12B01), a marine bacterioplankton species. OalA was most active at 16°C, had a pH optimum of 6.5, and displayed activities toward poly-β-<SMALL>d</SMALL>-mannuronate [poly(M)] and poly-α-<SMALL>l</SMALL>-guluronate [poly(G)], indicating that it is a bifunctional enzyme. OalB and OalC were most active at 30 and 35°C, had pH optima of 7.0 and 7.5, and degraded poly(M·G) and poly(M), respectively. Detailed kinetic analyses of oligoalginate lyases with poly(G), poly(M), and poly(M·G) and sodium alginate as substrates demonstrated that OalA and OalC preferred poly(M), whereas OalB preferred poly(M·G). The catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K<SUB>m</SUB></I>) of OalA against poly(M) increased with decreasing size of the substrate. OalA showed <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K<SUB>m</SUB></I> from 2,130 mg<SUP>−1</SUP> ml s<SUP>−1</SUP> for the trisaccharide to 224 mg<SUP>−1</SUP> ml s<SUP>−1</SUP> for larger oligomers of ∼50 residues, and 50.5 mg<SUP>−1</SUP> ml s<SUP>−1</SUP> for high-molecular-weight alginate. Although OalA was most active on the trisaccharide, OalB and OalC preferred dimers. Taken together, our results indicate that these three Oals have complementary substrate scopes and temperature and pH adaptations.</P>

Phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil and saccharification of the resulting biomass

Jagtap, Sujit Sadashiv,Woo, Seong Min,Kim, Tae-Su,Dhiman, Saurabh Sudha,Kim, Dongwook,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2014 Fuel Vol.116 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we aimed to identify plant species capable of remediating diesel-contaminated soil and to convert their biomass to bioethanol. Three plant species (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>, <I>Populus tomentiglandulosa</I>, and <I>Thuja orientalis</I>) were grown on an area of soil contaminated with 6000mg/kg of diesel to assess the effects of addition of a microbial consortium and fertilizer on remediation efficacy. Diesel-contaminated soil resulted in reduced plant biomass for most of the tested plants. However, in diesel-contaminated <I>P. densiflora</I> pots containing the microbial consortium, shoot biomass was greater than that in pots treated with diesel alone. Additionally, fertilizer application was found to be the most important factor for efficient diesel degradation. Plant biomass in diesel-contaminated soil was pretreated and used as a substrate for hydrolysis using lignocellulases from <I>Armillaria gemina</I>, a newly isolated fungal strain. The strain showed the highest β-glucosidase (15U/mL), cellobiohydrolase (34U/mL), endoglucanase (146U/mL), endoxylanase (1270U/mL), laccase (0.16U/mL), mannanase (57U/mL), lignin peroxidase (0.31U/mL) and filter paper (1.72U/mL) activities. The highest saccharification yield was obtained with <I>P. densiflora</I> (52%). The <I>A. gemina</I> enzymes hydrolyzed the woody biomass used for phytoremediation and resulted in a high level of reducing sugar (375mg/g-substrate).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The three plant species are grown in 6000mg/kg diesel-contaminated soil. </LI> <LI> The addition of a microbial consortium and fertilizer increases remediation efficacy. </LI> <LI> It reports saccharification of woody biomasses using lignocellulases from <I>Armillaria gemina</I>. </LI> <LI> <I>A. gemina</I> can be a good option for reducing sugar production from woody biomasses used for phytoremediation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Cloning and characterization of a galactitol 2-dehydrogenase from Rhizobium legumenosarum and its application in d-tagatose production

Jagtap, Sujit Sadashiv,Singh, Ranjitha,Kang, Yun Chan,Zhao, Huimin,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2014 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.58 No.-

<P>Galactitol 2-dehydrogenase (GDH) belongs to the protein subfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and can be used to produce optically pure building blocks and for the bioconversion of bioactive compounds. An NAD<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent GDH from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 (RlGDH) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The RlGDH protein was purified as an active soluble form using His-tag affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 28 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 114 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is a homotetramer. The enzyme has an optimal pH and temperature of 9.5 and 35°C, respectively. The purified recombinant RlGDH catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of substrates, including polyvalent aliphatic alcohols and polyols, to the corresponding ketones and ketoses. Among various polyols, galactitol was the preferred substrate of RlGDH with a K<SUB>m</SUB> of 8.8 mM, k<SUB>cat</SUB> of 835 min<SUP>-1</SUP> and a k<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB> of 94.9 min<SUP>-1</SUP> mM<SUP>-1</SUP>. Although GDHs have been characterized from a few other sources, RlGDH is distinguished from other GDHs by its higher specific activity for galactitol and broad substrate spectrum, making RlGDH a good choice for practical applications.</P>

Condylar jugular diverticulum: A report of 3 cases

Jagtap, Rohan,Wazzan, Taggreed,Hansen, Matthew,Kashtwari, Deeba Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2019 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.49 No.3

Jugular bulb diverticulum is an irregular extension of the jugular bulb into the temporal bone that may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The jugular bulb has rarely been reported to extend into the occipital condyle; such extension is termed a condylar jugular diverticulum and is characterized as a defect in the occipital condyle contiguous with the jugular bulb. This report details 3 cases of condylar jugular diverticulum. Extension of the jugular bulb into the ipsilateral occipital condyle was noted as an incidental finding on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 3 patients. All 3 patients were asymptomatic, and this finding was unrelated to the initial area of interest. CBCT use is becoming ubiquitous in dentistry, as it allows 3-dimensional evaluation, unlike conventional radiography. Proper interpretation of the entire CBCT is essential, and recognition of the indicators of condylar jugular diverticulum may prevent misdiagnosis of this rare entity.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of aspen biomass into fermentable sugars by using lignocellulases from Armillaria gemina

Jagtap, S.S.,Dhiman, S.S.,Kim, T.S.,Li, J.,Lee, J.K.,Kang, Y.C. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.133 No.-

A white rot fungus, identified as Armillaria gemina SKU2114 on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, was found to secrete efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. The strain showed maximum endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase activities of 146, 34, and 15U/mL, respectively, and also secreted xylanase, laccase, mannanase, and lignin peroxidase with activities of 1270, 0.16, 57, and 0.31U/mL, respectively, when grown with rice straw as a carbon source. Among various plant biomasses tested for saccharification, aspen biomass produced the maximum amount of reducing sugar. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the hydrolysis of aspen biomass to achieve the highest level of sugar production. A maximum saccharification yield of 62% (429mg/g-substrate) was obtained using Populus tomentiglandulosa biomass after 48h of hydrolysis. A. gemina was shown to be a good option for use in the production of reducing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass.

Characterization of a β-1,4-glucosidase from a newly isolated strain of Pholiota adiposa and its application to the hydrolysis of biomass

Jagtap, S.S.,Dhiman, S.S.,Kim, T.S.,Li, J.,Chan Kang, Y.,Lee, J.K. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.54 No.-

The highly efficient β-1,4-glucosidase (BGL)-secreting strain, Pholiota adiposa SKU0714, was isolated and identified based on its morphological features and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. P. adiposa BGL (PaBGL), which contained a carbohydrate moiety, was purified to homogeneity from P. adiposa culture supernatants by 2-step chromatography on DEAE and Sephacryl gel filtration columns. The relative molecular weight of PaBGL was 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE or 59 kDa by size exclusion chromatography, indicating that the enzyme is a monomer. The pH and temperature optima for hydrolysis were 5.0 and 65 <SUP>o</SUP>C, respectively. PaBGL showed the highest activity towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (V<SUB>max</SUB> = 4390 U mg protein<SUP>-1</SUP>, K<SUB>m</SUB> = 2.23 mol m<SUP>-3</SUP>) and cellobiose (V<SUB>max</SUB> = 3460 U mg protein<SUP>-1</SUP>, K<SUB>m</SUB> = 5.60 mol m<SUP>-3</SUP>) ever reported. Its internal amino acid sequences showed homology with hydrolases from the glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3), indicating that PaBGL is a member of the GH3 family. The hydrolysis of rice straw using a commercial cellulase, Celluclast<SUP>®</SUP> 1.5L, resulted in a higher saccharification yield with the addition of PaBGL than with Novozyme 188. PaBGL may be a good candidate for applications that convert biomasses to biofuels and chemicals.

Condylar jugular diverticulum: A report of 3 cases

Rohan Jagtap,Taggreed Wazzan,Matthew Hansen,Deeba Kashtwari 대한영상치의학회 2019 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.49 No.3

Jugular bulb diverticulum is an irregular extension of the jugular bulb into the temporal bone that may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The jugular bulb has rarely been reported to extend into the occipital condyle; such extension is termed a condylar jugular diverticulum and is characterized as a defect in the occipital condyle contiguous with the jugular bulb. This report details 3 cases of condylar jugular diverticulum. Extension of the jugular bulb into the ipsilateral occipital condyle was noted as an incidental finding on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 3 patients. All 3 patients were asymptomatic, and this finding was unrelated to the initial area of interest. CBCT use is becoming ubiquitous in dentistry, as it allows 3-dimensional evaluation, unlike conventional radiography. Proper interpretation of the entire CBCT is essential, and recognition of the indicators of condylar jugular diverticulum may prevent misdiagnosis of this rare entity.