Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

麗末三隱에 對한 考察

李在春 우리말글학회 2000 우리말 글 Vol.19 No.-

I have raised an issue on the identity of the three leading scholars and writers at the end of the Koryo Dynasty and examined the requirements and qualifications of the Sam-Eun. The Sam-Eun of the end of the Koryo Dynasty is the honorable eulogy for three scholars and writers-Mok-Eun Saek Lee, Po-Eun Mongju Jeong, and Do-Eun SungIn Lee-Who were excellent in the three fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty at end of the Koryo Dynasty. So far we have not reached an agreement about the identity of the Sam-Eun : One view of this issue has argued that the abovementioned three scholars are the members of the Sam-Eun, but another view has contended that Ya-Eun Jae Gil, instead of Do-Eun SungIn Lee, is one of the Sam-Eun. However, it is well known that Ya-Eun Jae Gil was unable to compete with above three scholars in the fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty, was not as high as the abovementioned three scholars in the government post, and was much younger than the abovementioned three scholars. Accordingly I believe that the latter view was misled by both the fact that the disciples and followers of Ya-Eun Jae Gil established the Sarim-Pa(Confucians school)in the Sam-Eun-Gak(three hermits tower) located in Dong-Hak-Sa Temple Kyung-Sang-Do Region in the Chosun Dynasty, and the epitaph of which is not so much reliable. It is since the end of Koryo Dynasty that Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun have been named as the members of the Sam-Eun. The book named as Po-Eun-Jae-Gi(Po-Eun's house record) writed by Saek Lee in 1379 is discussing only three eminent scholars, I,e., Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun, among many scholars who had Eun as their pennames. Thus, I think these three scholars have been verbally called as the Sam-Eun by the public since around 1379. However, the name of Sam-Eun was shown in writing for the first time in the collection of works of Dun-Chon Jip Lee. In this collection, there is a paragraph that the poetry and prose of Sam-Eun, I,e., Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-eun have been published while those of Dun-Chon have not been published. In the appendix of the collection, furthermore, Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun were specifically named as the members of Sam-Eun who are famous for the poetry and knowledge in those days, and Ya-Eun was named merely as a member of nine preeminence. With these materials, we can understand that Ya-eun cannot be compared with the members of Sam-Eun in any fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty. Therefore, I believe that only Mok-Eun, Po-Eun, and Do-Eun who are exceptional in the fields of literary art, study of morality, and loyalty, and died for Koryo Dynasty can be designated as the members of Sam-Eun. Although Jae Gil became famous by the efforts of his disciples and followers in the later days, he cannot be substituted as a member of the Sam-Eun, and should be recognized only as a member of so-called 'Sam-Eun of Dong-HAK-Sa Temple' who are enshrined in the Sam-Eun-Gak of the Dong-Hak-Sa Temple.

조상과 후손의 만남에 대한 동서양 다원적 패러다임 연구 -주자의 감응이론과 칼융의 동시성이론을 중심으로-

박재갑 ( Jae-gahb Park ),고재석 ( Jae-suk Go ),전철 ( Chul Chun ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2016 儒學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

우리 주위에서 인과관계를 알지 못하는 현상들을 드물지 않게 접한다. 이러한 현상들은 사실이 아니라고 보기보다는 어떠한 중요한 사실을 아직 알지 못하였기 때문에 이해가 안 되는 것이 아닌지 반문하게 한다. 이 글에서 근거로 삼은 자료는 논문의 공동필자인 박재갑 교수 집안에서 일어난 두 가지 사건이다. 첫째는 박재갑 교수의 15대 조상으로 1545년에 돌아가신 필재 박광우의 시신을 이장하는 날 밤, 사촌 형인 박재학의 꿈에 필재 할아버지가 나타나 자신이 소장하였던 방울을 찾아오라는 말을 듣고, 이후 파주에 가서 방울을 소장하고 있던 사람에게 방울을 찾아온 사건이다. 둘째는 박재갑 교수의 부친이 돌아가신 날 이모의 출가한 딸 꿈에 박재갑 교수의 부친이 금시계를 가지고 나타나신 꿈을 꾸었다. 이모의 딸은 이모부가 돌아가신 줄도 모르고 있었고 더욱이 이모부의 아들 부부가 금시계를 사갖고 온 것을 알 수가 없었는데, 금시계와 관련된 꿈을 꾼 일련의 사건이다. 과학을 주류 패러다임으로 삼고 있는 현대문명에서 보면, 신비롭고 기이한 현상은 그저우리가 확인하지 못하는 일상이나 정신현상의 일부일 수도 있다. 그런데 주자(朱熹,1130~1200)의 감응이론과 칼 구스타프 융(Carl Gustav Jung, 1875~1961)의 동시성이론은 인과관계를 알 수 없는 현상들에 대해 각기 다른 해석을 내놓는다. 인과관계를 알 수 없는 현상은 제한적 합리성의 완고한 세계관 자체가 균열되는 사건이며, 동시에 우리의 삶이 이해의 영역을 넘어선 광대한 현실에서 펼쳐지는 사건임을 말해준다. 실로 미지의 우주, 그리고 삶과 죽음에 대한 다원적 패러다임의 폭넓은 수용과 진지한 대화가 더 요청되는 시대이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 조상과 후손의 만남, 감응, 현현의 사례를 성리학의 감응이론과 칼 구스타프 융의 동시성이론의 관점에서 조명하고자 한다. We frequently witness phenomena which occur around us, not revealing the causal relationship. We can ask ourselves whether such phenomena are hard to understand not because they are not true facts but because they are beyond our understanding. The reference data for such a phenomenon in this article are the two events that had occurred in the family of Professor Jae-Gahb Park, one of the co-authors of this article. Firstly, on the eve of the night when his fifteenth-generation ancestor’s grave was to be moved, his ancestor appeared in his consin’s dream, telling him to go and find the bell that his ancestor had cherished. Accordingly, his father and relatives went to Paju county, where his ancestor’s grave is located, to remove the grave to another place. In the process, his father told the participants what his consin had dreamt of including a grave keeper who had kept the bell after reburial. The grave keeper returned it to his father after hearing from him. Secondly, On the day when Professor Park’s father died, his father appeared in the dream of his maternal aunt’s married daughter, carrying a gold watch with him. She was not aware that Professor Park’s father was dead. Furthermore, Neither did she know that Professor Park‘s old brother and his wife in America had bought the gold watch for his father. These two cases are representative examples of ancestors’ revelation through dream. According to the modern civilization which regards sciences as its mainstream paradigm, such mystical and arcane phenomena are just a part of mental phenomena that we cannot verify with our knowledge. However, there are two scholars presenting different explanations about the phenomena of which the causal relationship is not understood yet: Carl Gustav Jung (1875~1961)’s phenomenon of synchronicity and Zhu Xi (朱熹, 1130~1200)’s theory of correlation. A phenomenon whose causal relationship is not understood yet is an event in which the obstinate outlook of the restrictive rationality breaks off, and at the same time our life spreads into the vast realm transcending our understanding. We are living in an era when more discussions on the unknown universe and pluralistic paradigms on the questions about life and death need to be made. In this regard, Gustav Jung’s concept of Synchronicity and Neo-Confucian theory of correlation is instrumental in overcoming the phenomenon and case in which the causality breaks off.

Estradiol에 의한 흰쥐-자궁의 수축 기능과 Polyamine 대사의 변동에 관한 연구

이명아,고재홍,이영재,신경호,전보권,천연숙 고려대학교 의과대학 1995 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.32 No.3

The polyamines have been postulated to be essential in most processes associated with both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The effects of estrogen on uterine contractility vary with animal species, and most reports have shown that in vitro contractility of rat uterus is decreased after estrogen treatment, but estrogen increases polyamine contents in castrated rat uterus. This study was carried out to investigate whether the regulation of polyamine metabolism may be instrumental in the contractile response of castrated nonpregnant uterus of female SD rats to electrical field stimulation (40 V, 100 μsec : EFS). Estradiol (E2) increased uterine contents of putrescine (PT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM). These E2 effects were inhibited by tamoxifen or DFMO, but E2-incuced increase of uterine SPM content was enhanced by aminoguanidine. E2 decreased the amplitude of force developed in the rhythmic spontaneous contraction of rat uterus, but it exaggerated the increase of uterine contraction force in response to EFS. The E2-dependent exaggeration was inhibited by tamoxifen, DFMO, or indomethacin, but was significantly enhanced by aminoguanidine. The synergism between E2 and aminoguanidine on uterine contractility was little affected by indomethacin. These results suggest that E2-dependent increase of uterine contractility may be ascribed partly to increase of uterus polyamines.

스포츠 유형에 따른 여가만족도에 관한 연구

천영일,이재형,조현철 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2002 體育硏究 Vol.- No.16

The Purpose of this study was to the relationship between type of sports activity and leisure satisfaction among collegiate. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the type in sports activity on leisure satisfaction by comparing the difference of psychological, educational, social, physiological, relaxational, and environmental satisfaction. Subjects of this study were sampled 696 the collegiate(392 male, 301 female) by the random sampling method. The method of statistics used to analysis the collected data are frequence, covariance analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis using multiple regression analysis. Based on the procedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted; 1. Background variables such as sex, income, and self-rated health among sociodemographic characteristics in fluence on leisure satisfaction. 2. The type of sports at activity among the collegiate has an influence on the psychological satisfaction. That is, difference in psychological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and individual event is the highest. 3. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That Is, difference in social satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 4. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That is, difference in educational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 5. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the physiological satisfaction. That is, difference in physiological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 6. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the relaxational satisfaction. That is, difference in relaxational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and leisure event is the highest. 7. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has no an influence on the environmental sati satisfaction.

國內 오피스 建物의 維持管理費 決定模型에 관한 연구

전재열 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to develop the running cost decision model for the office buildings which can forecast the running cost with the cost-related factors in the planning stage. The influences of design on running cost is understood and estimated in figures in the early stage of planning and designing of architecture. So it makes an alternative choice of architecture possible. Statistically extracting the cost information and the decision factors for running cost model, the multiple regression analysis followed in order to obtain the regression curves for running cost. As a result of the correlation analysis shape & total floor area etc, factors were identified as the main factors in office building and the difference ratios between factors are from 1.15 to 1.5.

大豆油 高溫處理時 BHA, TBHQ, Silicone 및 시트르산 添加가 品質에 미치는 영향

全濟鉉,李應昊,金世權 釜山水産大學校 1984 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.1

튀김할 때 식용유는 가열매체인 동시에 풍미나 영양원이 된다. 튀김용 식용유의 품질변화방지를 위한 기초자료를 얻을 목적으로 식용대두유로서 고온처리 및 튀김을 할 때 BHA, TBHQ, silicone 및 시트르산 첨가가 식용유의 품질에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 98℃이하의 열처리 결과 시트르산 1ppm, TBHQ는 50∼200ppm첨가한 것이 산화방지에 효과적이었으나 BHA와 silicone은 효과가 거의 없었다. 180℃ 가열처리 및 튀김시험에 있어서는 시트르산은 산화를 촉진하는 경향이 있었고 BHA 및 TBHQ는 별 효과가 없었으며 silicone이 가장 효과가 좋았다. silicone 1∼5ppm가지는 품질변화방지효과에 큰 차이가 없었으나 튀김할 때는 원료에 이행하는 양이 있으므로 첨가량이 증가할수록 효과가 좋았다. 그러므로 식용유 품질변화를 방지하는데 있어 100℃이하에서 처리할 때는 시트르산을 첨가하는 것이 효과적이고, 튀김처럼 고온처리하는 식용유에서는 1∼5ppm의 silicone을 첨가하는 것이 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었다. Edible oils serve both as a heat transfer medium and a source of flavor and nutrition since ,some of the fat is absorbed by the food being fried. In this paper, the effects of butyl hydroxyanisole(BHA), teritary butyl hydroquinone(TBHQ), silicone and citric acid on thermal stability of the soybean oil during heating and frying were evaluated. Judging from the results of swift stability test (active oxygen method) that the minimum effective concentration of citric acid and TBHQ for ,the thermal stability of soybean oil when heated at 98℃ was 1 ppm and 50 to 200 ppm, respectively. But BHA and silicone showed no effect. On the other hand, silicone seemed to improve the thermal stability of soybean oil during heating at 180℃ or frying with potato while BHA and TBHQ showed no significant effect.

洋蘭生長點 培養에 關한 硏究 : (Ⅲ) 生長調節物質이 Cymbidium의 生育에 미치는 影響 (Ⅲ) Effect of plant growth regulators to proliferation of protocorm and growth of mericlone in several varieties of Cymbidium

全在璂,鄭載東 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

This experiment was carried out in order to stimulate propagation of mericlone and protocorm to use recommended varieties of Cymbidium. These results obtained were summarized as follows. It was noted that a sort and a suitable concentration of growth regulators was different between varieties or characters within the same variety. IAA 1.0ppm effected to growth of mericlone and NAA 1.0ppm, to proliferation of protocorm in Cym. elcapitan. IBA 15.0ppm was good at growth of mericlone and Kinetin 1.5ppm highly stimulated propagation of protocorm in Cym. showgirl. In the other hand, a optimum concentration was not observed to promote growth of mericlone, but IBA 1.5ppm seemed to stimulate growth a little, by the way, Kinetin 1.5ppm stimulated proliferation of protocorm in Cym. fairywand. Whereas, IBA 5.0ppm and Kinetin 1.0ppm restrained a general growth, especially, that obstructed rooting in all the varieties treated to this study.

국내 건설산업의 건설관리(CM)제도 활성화 방안

전재열 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

In relation to the latest induction of construction management of the government, there are many problems that need to be decided beforehand. First of all, the powerful regulations of construction-related laws in which various circumstances are involved, because obstacles to the induction of C.M. system is run with self-control. Also, a situation that causes problems for the inefficient operation of supervision system which has the function similar to a C.M. system in korea, produce main obstacles to the induction of C.M. system. In this case, a research questionnaire survey for construction-related company is performed. So ① problems for a current construction company and current supervision company are analyzed. ② The subject which precedes when C.M. is inducted and the improvement plan of construction-related system for the conversion of supervision into construction management are proposed.

확률적 건설공사 비용분석에 의한 위험도 평가방법의 이론적 연구

전재열,조재호 단국대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The paper considers two non-deterministic methods of analysing the risk exposure in a cost estimate. The fist method(referred to as the 'conventional ststistical' method) analyses cost data directly, to describe a probability distribution for total cost. The second method(reffered to as the 'Monte Calo simulation' method) interprets cost data directly, to generate a probability distribution for total costs from the descriptions of elemental cost distribution. The common practice of allowing for risk through an all-embracing contingency sum or percentage addition is challenged. Rather than excluding conventional, nondeterministic methods, they are here presented as possibly the only effective foundation on which to risk management in cost estimating.