木本植物의 再幼齡化

李在善,文興奎 江原大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1991 Journal of Forest Science Vol.7 No.-

Without scientific understanding of the phase change and the rejuvenation in woody perennials, many tree breeders have successfully rejuvenated and multiplied mature trees of some tree species, i.e., Eucalyptus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Sequoia sempervirens, Pinus radiata, Pinus pinaster, Quercus virginiana, Hedera helix, Juglans, apples, grapes, and so on. Practical techniques discussed to rejuvenate the old trees include grafting to younger stock, growth regulator treatment, pruning, repeated cutting, and in vitro culture. However, a combination of skills mentioned is recommended for rejuvenation of the mature propagation material. It is strongly required to develop a morphological and/or biochemical indicator system to judge the juvenility.

特用資源植物의 硏究 : 한국임학회지에 게재된 논문을 중심으로 Based on the Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Forestry

이재선,김철우,배찬호,송재모,강효진,황석인,문흥규 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2003 Journal of Forest Science Vol.19 No.-

한국임학회지 (1962년의 1호~2002년의 91권 6호)에 게재된 특용자원식물 관련 논문에서 식·음용식물, 약용식물, 사료식물, 조경식물, 섬유식물, 산업용식물 및 밀원식물로 분류하고 그 내용에 따라 입지환경, 생태, 생리, 번식, 조림(또는 무육, 재배), 유전·육종, 분류(또는 식별), 병·충해와 방제, 동물피해와 방제, 성분분석, 식생정보, 생물공학, 경영·경제 및 총설로 나누었다. 총 1,434편의 발표 논문 중 유용식물자원을 대상으로 한 논문은 27.6%를 차지하는 396편이었고, 내용은 식생정보 60편(15.2%), 생리 56편(14.1%), 유전·육종 56편(14.1%), 번식 53편(13.4%) 및 생태 37편(9.3%)이었다. 조림(무육·재배)은 11편(2.8%)으로 특용자원식물의 규모경영이 이루어지지 않고 있음을 시사하고 있으며, 이것은 경영·경제 분야가 6편(1.5%)인 것과 맥을 같이 하고 있었다. 연구대상 식물은 잣나무(42편), 아까시나무(23편), 밤나무(14편) 및 은행나무(14편) 순으로 높았고, 이 식물들과 관련한 연구내용은 번식, 생리, 유전·육종, 생태 및 병·충해 순이었다. 연구의 목적, 내용, 결과 및 대상식물 등을 고려하여 보면, 1) 초본식물에 대한 보다 많은 연구, 2) 타산업 또는 학분 분야와의 공동연구, 3) 자원 보전적 연구 및 4) 연구주체자 간의 연구결과의 공유 등이 매우 요망된다. The articles, published in the Journal of Korean Forestry from Number 1(1962) to number 6, Volume 91(2002), were surveyed and investigated for the research trend analysis about resource-plants for special use or purpose, i.e edible plants, medicinal plants, feed resource, landscape plants, fiber plants, industrial usage, and bee plants. If the purpose or subject matter of the research was construction or furniture timber production, mushrooms and/or pulp and Paper, such research was not included in this study. These articles were classified again depending on the content of research into 14 categories : habitat environment, ecology, physiology, propagation, silviculture(tending and culture), genetics and breeding, identification, insect and disease control, animal-related research, cemponent analysis, vegetation survey, biotechnology, management, and review. Among the total 1,434 articles published, 396 ones (27,6%) were related with plants for special use or purpose. Vegetation survey was 60(15.2%) ; physiology 56(04.1%) ; genetics and breeding 56(14.1%) ; propagation 53(13.4%) ; and ecology 37(9.3%). Siviculture research field included 11 articles (2.8%), which indicates that the management of resource-plants is to far from economic income as seen in the low number of management research filed articles, i. e., only 6 reports(1.5%). Korean white Pine was most popular for research and included 42 articles ; Robinia pseudoacacia 23 Castanea crenata 14 : and ginkgo tree 14, Research related with these species had focused mainly or propagation, physiotogy, genetics and breeding, ecology and pest control. Based on this survey and analysis, the followings are suggested : 1. More research is required on forest herbaceous plants. 2. Cooperative research work with other industrial and/or scientific area is recommendable for commercialization including medicine, cosmetics, and food etc. 3. Research resource-plant conservation. which includes biology, social education and policy, should be supported for next generation. 4. Mutual correspondence and information exchange about the research results between researchers and institutes is more necessary than now.

핵간안근마비를 보인 중추신경계 크립토콕쿠스병 1례

이지영,김재일,김기선,강문철,이창민,양대웅,이근호,김상준 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

日本의 海岸砂防에 관한 연구(II) : 沖繩縣의 海岸保安林을 중심으로;On Seaside Protection Forest in Okinawa Prefecture

全槿雨,李在善,朴完根,幸喜善福,中島勇喜,江崎次夫 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2004 Journal of Forest Science Vol.20 No.-

우리나라에 있어서 海岸林의 多面的 機能과 時代的 價値觀의 변화를 파악하고, 海岸砂防의 참고자료를 얻기 위해 일본의 海岸林과 海岸砂防에 대한 각종 자료를 수집·분석하고 있다. 전보(全槿雨 등, 2002)에 이어 日本 沖繩縣의 海岸防災林을 중심으로 海岸林의 槪要, 海岸保安林의 實態와 각 島嶼別 주요 海岸砂防用 樹種 및 대표적인 海岸保安林에 대하여 분석·정리하였다. Management system of coastal erosion-control forest in Japan together with coast sand dune fixation and stabilization were investigated and analyzed to introduce to Korean researchers the many-sided importance and function of coastal forest and its chage from the standpoint of social value. In this study some suggestions and ideas were proposed for establishment of coastal forest including some suggestions and idea were proposed for establishment of coastal forest including seaside protection forest characteristics and tree species for coastal dune fixation, based on the analysis of date which were collected from the seaside protection forest in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan.

산초나무의 지역별 종자특성 및 유·무성번식

김철우,이재선 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2004 Journal of Forest Science Vol.20 No.-

식·약용주종으로 이용가치가 높은 산초나무 종자의 발아율을 높이기 위한 발아촉진방법을 찾기 위하여 산초종자를 1년간(춘천 및 상주) 또는 2년간(춘천 및 서울) 노천매장 하였으며(2001년 10월 23일·2002년 10월 25일). 2003년 3월 16일에 종자를 파내어 무처리와 생장조절물질(GA₃) 300, 500 및 1,000 mg/L을 처리하여 온실에서 포트를 파종하였다. 또한, 2003년 10월 29일에 세척제(알뜰 뉴크린, 주식회사 피죤)로 처리하여 온실내의 포트에 파종하였으며, 생장조절물질을 농도별로 처리하여 산초나무의 녹지와 숙지를 온실의 모래상에 삽목하였다. 1,000립중(千粒重), 충실율 및 종자크기는 2002년 10월 23일과 2003년 10월 25일에 조사하였고, 발아성적조사는 발아하는 개체가 나타나기 시작하는 때부터 조사하였다. 1. 2002년 채취한 산초종자의 1,000립중은 춘천이 평균 7.13g, 상주 8.65g 이었고, 2003년 채취한 종자의 1,000립중은 춘천이 평균 8.22g, 상주 9.03g 및 서울 8.45g으로 지역간에 차이를 나타내었다. 2. 충실율은 2002년에 춘천이 평균 51.8%, 상주 23.0%이었고, 2003년은 춘천이 45.5%, 상주 45% 및 서울 10%로 지역간에 차이를 나타내었다. 3. 종자크기는 2002년에 춘천이 평균 3.24 ㎜, 상주 3.31㎜이었고, 2003년은 춘천이 평균 3.37㎜, 상주 3.51㎜ 및 서울 3.36㎜로 지역간에 차이를 나타내었다. 4. 2003년 3월에 파종한 실험에서 생장조절물질처리에 관계없이 발아율에 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 2년 노천매장한 서울산 종자의 발아율이 높게 나타났다. 2003년 10월 당년 파종한 실험에서 세척제 처리구가 무처리구보다 높게 나타났으며, 1년 또는 2년 노천매장보다 높은 발아율을 나타내었다. 5. 2003년 3월에 파종하여 발아한 산초나무 묘목의 신장생장은 지역 또는 생장조절물질 처리에 따라 차이를 나타내었고, 8월초까지 지속적으로 증가하나 이후로는 생장을 하지 않았다. 6. 생장조절물질을 농도별로 처리하여 녹지삽, 숙지삽을 하였으나 대부분의 삽수가 고사하였다. 그러나 몇 개의 삽수가 왕성한 발근을 보였으므로 재료, 환경 및 기타 인공적인 요인을 달리하여 지속적인 실험을 한다면 삽수의 발근율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Seeds were stored for 1 year (Chunchon and Sangju) or 2 years (Chunchon and Seoul) under open-ground as germination acceleration method to heighten the germination rate of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. At March 16, 2003 seeds were planted on port in greenhouse with or without growth regulator treatment. Seeds picked up on October 5, 2003 were planted without chilling pretreatment on port in greenhouse with or without washer treatment (Cleaning solution diluted 50 times) at October 29. 2003. Cuttings of greenwood and hardwood were planted in soil with or without growth regulators. 1. Weight of 1,000 seeds was 7.13g for Chunchon and 8.65g for Sangju in 2002; and 8.22g for Chunchon, 9.03g for Sangju and 8.45g for Seoul in 2003, respectively. 2. Zooecial rate of seeds was 51.8% for Chunchon and 23.0% for Sangju in 2002: and 45.5% for Chunchon, 45% for Sangju and 10% for Seoul in 2003, respectively. 3. Seeds width was 3.24㎜ for chunchon and 3.31㎜ for Sangju in 2002: and 3.37㎜ for Chunchon, 3.51 ㎜ for Sangju and 3.36㎜ for Seoul in 2003, respectively. 4. Germination rate showed no difference regardless growth regulator teatment in 2003. The germination rate of seeds stored for 2 years under open-ground appeared higher than that for 1 year. Washer treatment was effective in increasing germination rate. 5. Height growth of seedlings appeared differently according to provenance and growth regulator treatment, Also, vegetative growth continued until early August. 6. Greenwood and hardwood cuttings showed very low rooting rate close to 2%.

소나무류 육종에 있어 임의 증폭 다형 디엔에이(RAPD)지표를 이용한 우량 임목의 조기 선발

로버트 티즈데일,이재선,정은주,문홍규,글렌 데일 江源大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1995 Journal of Forest Science Vol.11 No.-

지표-형질의 상관은 우량 개체 선발과 유전획득량의 증대를 위해 임목 육종에서 해결되어야 할 중요한 과제 중의 하나로 최근 분자유전학적 수준에서의 임의 증폭 다형 디엔에이 (RAPD) 기술의 발달로 이의 해결이 눈 앞에 다가왔다. 호주 퀸즈랜드산림청과 퀸즈랜드대 임목생물공학연구소가 공동 연구하고 있는 슬래쉬소나무, 카리비아소나무 및 그 교잡종에 있어 이 기술을 이용한 수피 두께에 대한 연구 및 육종 계획 전략을 소개한다. 1대 잡종에서 186개의 지표를 포함한 총 길이 1641cM의 16개 연관군의 유전적 지도가 작성되었고, 이 연관군 지도에 수피 두께를 지배하는 6개의 유전자좌가 추정되었다. 또한, 유전적 지표를 이용한 조기 선발을 위해 먼저 중요 형질을 지배하는 유전자들에 대한 종 특성 유전적 지표를 결정하고, 다음 여러가지 대립유전자형에 대한 지표-대립유전자 상관을 구명하는 2단계 전략이 제시되었다. 소나무류는 발아시 양료로 쓰이는 자성배우체는 모수에서 유래하나, 접합자인 배는 양친수로부터 유래하므로 이러한 이질적 유전 조성을 갖인 종자의 발달을 이용한 RAPD 지표와 형질의 상관 연구는 배 단계에서도 우량 개체의 선발을 가능하게 하여 소나무류 육종의 장래를 밝게 하고 있다. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology, a recent approach in molecular genetics, is much usable to select the elite trees and to maximize the genetic gain in forest tree breeding program, providing a clue to determine the genetic marker-trait correlation. This review intorduces research on bark thickness and breeding strategy in Pinus elliottii, Pinus caribaea and their hybrid by Queensland Forest Service and ForBio Research Pty Ltd, University of Queensland, which employ RAPD technology. Genetic linkage map of F₁hybrids includes 186 RAPD markers and 16 linkgae groups (1641 cM long in total) and 6 quantitative trait loci are located putatively for bark thickness. Following recent research results and experiences in pine breeding programs, the forseeable stages in the application and development are proposed for marker assisted selectin; stage 1 - determination of species specific markers for genes controlling traits of commercial interest, and stage 2 - determination of marker-allele association for specific allelic variants within pure species. As pines inherit their megagametophytes from the seed parent and zygotic embryos from both male and female parents, the determination of marker-trait correlation is possible even in embryo stage, eventually making ways for the early selection of elite individuals.

RAPD 분석에 의한 굴참나무 집단의 유전변이 연구

송정호,김남수,이용섭,김영중,송재모,이재선 한국유전학회 2002 Genes & Genomics Vol.24 No.2

Quercus variabilis is one of the most important tree species in both utilization of forest resources and management of forest ecosystem in Korea. To obtain the basic information for the establishment of breeding strategy and efficient management of genetic resources, five populations of Q. variabilis from 89 selected plus trees were studied using POPGENE and AMOVA analysis based on DNA markers focussing on the genetic diversity and variation among populations. The overall polymorphic amplicons were 78.6% and levels of genetic diversity within 5 populations were similar each other (Shannon's Index : 0.289∼0.423 [mean 0.366]). The values of total genetic diversity (H_t) and average gene diversity within population (H_S) were 0.265 and 0.239, respectively. The degree of genetic differentiation (G_st : 0.098) was relatively high compared with those of other tree species. Based on the cluster analysis of UPGMA, genetic relationships among 5 populations were not coincided with the pattern of geographic distribution.

Species Identification of Korean Nepoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) through DNA Barcodes

Seon-Yi Kim,Won-Young Choi,Tae-Joong Yoon,Yeon-Jae Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Standardized short DNA sequences of the genome provide a DNA barcode for identifying species. Assembling DNA barcode data of regional fauna could provide a new identifying system and it will aid regional and global taxonomic studies and other applied biology. Recently, partial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences, around 670-bp region of the mitochondrial gene, has been qualified as a good DNA barcode for the identification of insect species. The superfamily Nepoidea includes two families-Belostomatidae and Nepidae. And it contains about 377 species in 23 genera worldwide. In Korea, each family is recognized 4 species 3 genera, respectively. As a part of the Korean insect DNA barcode project, we conducted preliminary DNA barcode study on Korean Nepoidea to provide useful molecular data for aiding accurate identification. This study also tested the effectiveness of a COI barcode in discriminating Korean Nepoidea species. So far, 43 individuals of 8 species belonging to two families were analyzed. We used a 658-bp fragment of COI gene was sequenced. Pairwise sequence divergences were calculated using a Kimura 2-parameter model and constructed neighbor-joining tree to calculate generic differences among species and within species.

In Vitro Needle Culture of Pinus taeda L . , P . rigida Mill . , and P . taeda × rigida

Jae Seon Yi 한국산림과학회 1989 한국산림과학회지 Vol.78 No.1

Several types of explants, i.e., embryonic tissues, cotyledonary or primary needles, axillary bwds, and brachyblasts, were cultured to develop micropropagation methods for Pines taeda L., P. rigida Mill., and P. taeda×rigida, to determine a source that is suitable for the mass production of in vitro shoots, which remain viable for acclimatization, and exhibit genetic stability. Shoot production was tested using four basal media, which contained NAA (0.1 or 0.01 ppm) and BAP (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 ppm). The viability of shoots was estimated by the examination of chloroplast ultrastructure of the primary needles of adventitious shoots. Peroxidase banding patterns were compared for an initial estimate of genetic stability. Different types of explant responded in a different manner to the same composition of induction medium. Typical, mature chloroplasts were observed in the primary needles of 10-month-old adventitious shoots. Some differences in the number of peroxidase bands were found in propagules of different explant source, but the cause remains obscure. From the results the following suggestions are proposed 1. For embryonic tissues, different composition of media should be tested for the induction of shoot buds and their elongation into shoots. 2. In single-leaved explants, the optimal status for organogenesis may be obtained by pretreatment of explants of donor plants with growth regulators, or by using high concentration of cytokinin. Explanting time is critical. 3. For successful brachyblast shoot production, growing stock plants in a greenhouse may be more desirable than concentrating on imporving the surface-sterilization process. 4. Studies for the recycling of shoot regeneration in vitro are required for successful mass propagation. 5. It may be desirable to investigate the chloro-plast ultrastructure of the in vitro shoots at the age of 3-5 months when they undergo rooting and/or acclimatization. 6. Attention should be paid to the selection of the explants. A search for isozyme markers) for specific trait is necessary to mass-propagate true-to-type plants via tissue culture.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Propagation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai

Jae-Seon Yi,Hyunseok Lee,Chanhoon An 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.4

To establish in vitro nodal culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of rare and endangered species famous for beautiful flowers in the Korean Peninsula, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shooting and rooting from in vitro shoots was investigated. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6- benzylaminopurine (BA) to the half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki's media in the range of 2.22 to 8.88 μM induced 2.5 to 2.7 shoots per axillary bud; and addition of 2.27 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3.2 shoots, during 4 weeks of culture, while zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) were not effective on shoot multiplication as observed from several combination treatments of BA with other PGRs. Shoots established were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. while in BA 8.88 μM treatment more than 30% of shoots were longer than 2 cm and shorter than 4 cm. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) from 5.37 to 21.48 μM showed the rooting rate from 40.0 to 62.5%. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (<10%), although some roots in IBA-containing media were longer than those in NAA. Micropropagation from axillary buds of nodular explants was applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai.