한국어 교실 교사-학습자 간 대화에 나타난 교사 중심적 의사소통 양상

진제희(Jin Jae-Hee) 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.2

Jin, Jae-Hee. 2004. Aspects of Teacher-centered Communication in Conversations between Teachers and Learners in the Korean Language Classroom. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This paper examines how and why asymmetrical relationships are constituted through verbal interactions between teachers and students in the Korean language classroom. According to van Dijk (1989), 'power' in institutions such as hospitals or classrooms is best conceptualized as ‘group power asymmetrical relations’ between groups. As is the case for institutional members, members of dominant groups may derive their individually exercised power from the overall power of the group to which they belong. Speakers often possess an institutional role and their conversations are backed by the power or authority of the institution. From this perspective, this paper examines how power is being exerted and assigned in conversations between teachers and students in the Korean classroom. First, this research examined if the turns at talk for the participants (teacher and students) were equally distributed. The results showed that the teacher took about 50% of the total turns at talk, which is about eight times as many turns taken by each student. This indicates that the flow of classroom conversation starts from the teacher, or in other words, is teacher-centered communication. Second, this research considered inequality that occurs during problem solving meaning negotiation. Research results also showed that in 165 negotiated exchanges, over 85% were initiated by the teacher, which underscores the extremely asymmetrical instigation of conversation in Korean language classrooms. Student deficiencies in fluency and initiation, teacher questioning methodology and dialogue guidance, the teacher's almost exclusive right to choose the topic, the excessive adaptation of students to the classroom environment as well as the nationality of students were all factors contributing to this phenomenon.

한국형 도형심리유형 검사 척도 개발 연구

김재진 ( Jae Jin Kim ) 아시아문화학술원 2015 인문사회 21 Vol.6 No.4

한국형 도형심리유형 검사 척도란, 도형심리에 대한 이론을 바탕으로 한국의 문화적 특성과 이해하기 쉬운 문항으로 제작되어 검사자 응답의 신뢰도를 높일 수있도록 구성된 검사 척도이다. 본 연구는 기존에 나와 있는 성격유형 검사 도구들이 가지고 있는 일반적 특성인 성격유형 검사를 통해 자신과 타인을 이해하여 인간관계를 잘 하게 하는 것은 물론, 투사적 검사를 통해 과거의 심리적 상처를 치유하고, 현재 자신이 생각하고 있는 자신의 상황과 미래에 자신이 하고 싶은 것들을 제시해줌으로써 마음의 평안을 가져다 준다. 특히 글을 모르고 그림을 잘 그리지 못하는 노인과 아이들에게도 동그라미, 에스, 세모, 네모라는 도형을 그리게 함으로써 그들의 심리적 상태를 알 수 있으며, 남녀노소 어느 계층에도 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 심리검사 도구이다. 본 연구에서의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도형심리유형의 핵심은 투사되어서 그려진 도형의 형태, 크기, 위치를 통해서 사람들의 기질과 성격적 특성을 파악하여 장점들을 지지하고 격려함으로써 건강한 자아를 형성하고, 나아가 도형의 배열되어진 상태를 정확하게 분석하고, 해석, 판단을 함으로써 내담자의 심리적 갈등요인과 심리의 역동성을 파악, 검사자의 심리적 고통과 어려움, 문제들에 대해서 스스로 해결해 갈 수 있도록 방향을 제시해 주는 도구로 사용되어질 것이다. 둘째, 도형심리유형 검사는 문항 검사를 통해 성격적 특성을 알아볼 수 있고, 투사적 검사를 통해 신경증이나, 정신증에 대해서도 진단이 가능한 도구이다. 셋째, 도형심리유형 검사는 4가지의 기본도형(O, S, △, □)을 가지고 검사지에 그려진 도형의 형태, 크기, 위치 등을 통하여 반영되어진 검사자의 정신적, 정서적, 인지적, 행동적, 영적 상태를 통찰할 수 있으며, 기질, 성격, 적성, 흥미 등을 파악함으로써 자신을 발견하게 하고 타인을 이해하게 하며, 아울러 마음의 고통을 치유할 수 있도록 도와준다. 넷째, 본 연구에서 개발한 척도의 타당도, 신뢰도, 예측타당도, 재검사 신뢰도 분석 결과 매우 의의있는 결과가 분석되어 조직의 인사, 경영, 교육 상담, 산업 등에서 많은 도움을 줄 것이다. 다섯째, 한국형 도형심리유형 검사 척도를 개발함으로써, 자신을 이해하고 타인을 이해 함으로써 많은 사람들과의 관계 형성에 도움을 줄 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 한국형 도형심리유형 검사 척도를 개발하였으나, 현재 국내에 발표된 논문이 없고, 참고문헌의 부족 등으로 연구 과정에서의 어려움이 많았다. 본 척도가 개발 됨으로써 성인들의 성격 유형 검사는 가능하게 되었으나, 이 분야에 대한 후속 연구에서는 다음 상황들을 참작하여 연구를 진척시켜야 할 것이다. 첫째, 인간의 성격은 전 생애에 걸쳐 발달하는 것이므로 초기 아동기 시절의 사람들과의 관계 양식, 사회의 경험 등이 고려되어 아동 및 청소년 특성에 맞는 연구를 확대하여 개발할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 본 연구의 연구 대상자들은 서울, 경기, 인천, 대전, 충청, 대구, 마산 지역에 거주하고 있는 성인들로 한정되었으므로, 표본을 전국으로 확대시켜 본 척도를 표준화하여 더욱 더 유용한 도구로 발전시킬 필요가 있다. 셋째, 본 연구에서는 성인들에 대한 일반적인 성격적 특성만을 알 수 있지만, 후속 연구로 리더십, 부모 영유아 양육 태도 척도 등이 개발된다면, 본 척도와 더불어 좋은 도구가 될 것이다. 넷째, 도형심리유형은 성격을 진단하는 심리 도구로만 그치는 것이 아니라, 앞으로는 기질별 인성개발, 학교적응, 진로탐색프로그램 등과 연계되어 학생들의 진로와 자신을 건강하고 통합적으로 이해해나갈 수 있는 도구로 더욱 발전시켜 다면적 성격 특성에 관한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. This study analyzed the content validity and consistency of the questions of a Korean graphic type scale developed in a previous study (Kim Jae-jin & Yoon Cheon-seong, 2014) together with an expert panel consisting of 4 doctors, and based on the results, it conducted a self-reporting questionnaire survey of ordinary people and used the recovered questionnaires as statistical data. The Korean graphic type scale is a test tool developed based on the theories of geometric psychology, and its purpose is that the testees may understand the questions easily using easy words understandable to Korean people. The tool used in this study helps the testees to understand the self and others through testing their personality type and, by doing so, facilitates the establishment of human relationships, heals psychological wounds in the past through a projective test, and brings peace to the mind by presenting the testees’ present situation and what to do in the future. Particularly for elders and children who cannot read or draw well, the tool diagnoses their psychological state through their drawings of circle, triangle, quadrangle, and S shape, and therefore it is a psychological test tool easily accessible by any group of people regardless of age and gender. The implications of this study are as follows. First, the core of graphic type is that, based on the shape, size, and position of figures drawn through projection, it grasps people’s temperament and personality characteristic, supports and encourages their strengths, and consequently, contributes to the formation of healthy ego, and furthermore, by analyzing, interpreting, and judging the arrangement of figures, it examines the clients’ psychological conflicts and dynamics and suggests directions for the clients to solve the problems by themselves. Second, the graphic type scale is both diagnostic and non-diagnostic test. While existing personality type test tools focus on personality characteristic through a self -reporting questionnaire survey, this psychology type scale examines personality characteristics using a questionnaire and, at the same time, diagnoses the clients’ neurotic or psychotic symptoms through a projective test. Third, the graphic type test can diagnose the testees’ mental, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and spiritual states through the shape, size, and position of figures drawn on the test sheet using four basic figures (○, △, □, and S), and help them find their own temperament, character, aptitude, and interest, understand others, and get healed of mental pains. Fourth, when the validity, reliability, predictive validity, and retest reliability of the scale developed in this study were analyzed, very significant results were obtained. Thus, the scale is believed to be useful in the personnel management and administration of organizations, education and counseling, industry, etc. Fifth, the Korean graphic type scale developed in this study is expected to help the clients establish relationships with many people through understanding themselves and others. A Korean graphic type scale was developed through this study, but there were many difficulties in this study because there were not related research papers published in Korea and reference literature was not sufficient. As this scale has been developed, it is not possible to apply a personality type test to adults, but the following situations need to be considered in future research for refining the scale. First, because people’s character develops throughout the entire lifetime, research needs to expand the scope to children’s and adolescents’ characteristics in consideration of the pattern of relationship, social experiences, etc. during childhood. Second, as the subjects of this study were limited to adults living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Incheon, Daejeon, Chungcheong, Daegu, and Masan, future research needs to expand the geographic scope to the whole country in order to make the scale more standardized and useful. Third, the scale of this study was only for adults’ general personality characteristic, but if future research develops scales on leadership, parents’ child rearing attitude, etc., they will be used supplementarily with this scale. Fourth, the graphic type scale should not be limited to a psychological tool for diagnosing character but be developed as a tool for exploring multi-sided personality characteristics so that students may understand themselves and their career in a healthy and integrated way in connection to character development, adjustment to school, career exploration, etc.

유전성 비용종증 대장암의 임상적 고찰

서정민,박재갑,최국진,김진복,서정민,박재갑,최국진,김진복 대한대장항문학회 1992 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.8 No.2

Blind Interference Suppression for DS-CDMA Systems Based on Widely Linear Kalman Filtering

JaeㅡJin Jeon,Jun-Seok Lim,Sang-Wook Lee,Koeng-Mo Sung 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.4

Low doses of ionizing radiation suppress doxorubicin-induced senescence-like phenotypes by activation of ERK1/2 and suppression of p38 kinase in MCF7 human breast cancer cells

신재식,우상혁,이형찬,홍승우,유두현,홍석일,이왕재,이명석,진영우,안성관,진동훈,박인철 Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2010 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.1

코골이 및 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증에서 Laser-assisted Uvulopalatoplasty와 LaserUvulopalatopharyngoplasty의 치료 성적 : 장기추적관찰후 환자 만족도 조사

김재호,이윤식,박형욱,송용진,남순열,김용재,이봉재 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.2

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

Consideration of Diluents Selection and Input Amounts of the Hunter Process for Tantalum Production

Jae‑Jin Sim,Sang‑Hoon Choi,Yong‑Kwan Lee,Sung Gue Heo,Taek‑Soo Kim,Seok‑Jun Seo,Kyoung‑Tae Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Tantalum (Ta) is a heavy refractory metal with an atomic weight of 180.95 g/mol, a density of 16.6 g/cm3, and a high meltingpoint of 3017 °C. With its refractory characteristics, it shows excellent chemical and physical stability as well as corrosionand heat resistance at elevated temperatures. The demand for Ta metal and related compounds is increasing with the expansionof the electronics and chemical industries. The Hunter process was proven to be effective in producing Ta powder in1953. Hunter proposed a method in which potassium heptafluorotantalate (K2TaF7) was reduced by sodium (Na). Thus far,this process has been the primary commercial method to produce Ta powder. In this study, quantitative differences wereanalyzed for diluent selection. Additionally, consideration was given to changes in the caloric value depending on the inputamount of diluents. Finally, the optimum material input and the properties of the prepared Ta were analyzed. Stoichiometricratios of K2TaF7(1 mol), NaCl (6.2–6.7 mol), Na (5–7 mol) were weighed, to perform a metallothermic reduction reaction. After the reaction, the tantalum powder was recovered and the flush process was carried out. After that, it was dried in avacuum atmosphere. Physical properties such as oxygen concentration, PSA, ICP-OES, and XRD of powder were conductedto evaluate the characteristics of Ta powder that was finally manufactured.

복회음절제술후의 장폐색증에 관한 고찰

노재형,박재갑,최국진,김진복 대한대장항문학회 1992 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.8 No.2

Low doses of ionizing radiation suppress doxorubicin-induced senescence-like phenotypes by activation of ERK1/2 and suppression of p38 kinase in MCF7 human breast cancer cells

신재식,우상혁,이형찬,홍승우,유두현,홍석일,이왕재,이명석,진영우,안성관,진동훈,박인철 Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2010 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.1