SVPWM technique for common-mode voltage elimination of dual-winding fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor drives

Baik, Jae-Hyuk,Yun, Sang-Won,Kim, Dong-Sik,Kwon, Chun-Ki,Yoo, Ji-Yoon The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.3

A new space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) technique to eliminate common-mode voltage (CMV) is proposed for a dual three-phase inverter fed-dual-winding fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor (FTPMM) drive. In general, since both the PWM module-1 of an inverter-1 drive and the PWM module-2 of an inverter-2 drive adopt the conventional SVPWM (CSVPWM) technique, two identical CMVs are generated in the drives. Each of the CMCs generated by the CMVs flows through the stray capacitances between the stator windings and the motor frame. These currents flow into the ground of the drive, where they are combined. Hence, in the proposed technique, each of the PWM modules adopts the remote-state PWM (RSPWM)2A and RSPWM2B. As a result, two CMVs with same absolute values and opposite polarities are generated at every switching period, and the corresponding generalized total CMV of the dual-winding FTPMM drive always becomes zero. Analytical and experimental results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed technique.

EMI Noise Reduction with New Active Zero State PWM for Integrated Dynamic Brake Systems

Baik, Jae-Hyuk,Yun, Sang-Won,Kim, Dong-Sik,Kwon, Chun-Ki,Yoo, Ji-Yoon The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.3

Based on the application of an integrated dynamic brake (IDB) system that uses a PWM inverter fed-AC motor drive to operate the piston, a new active zero state PWM (AZSPWM) is proposed to improve the stability and reliability of the IDB system by suppressing the conducted electro-magnetic interference (EMI) noise under a wide range of load torque. The new AZSPWM reduces common-mode voltage (CMV) by one-third when compared to that of the conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM). Although this method slightly increases the output current ripple by reducing the CMV, like the CSVPWM, it can be used within the full range of the load torque. Further, unlike other reduced common-mode voltage (RCMV) PWMs, it does not increase the switching power loss. A theoretical analysis is presented and experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

EMI Noise Reduction with New Active Zero State PWM for Integrated Dynamic Brake Systems

Jae-Hyuk Baik,Sang-Won Yun,Dong-Sik Kim,Chun-Ki Kwon,Ji-Yoon Yoo 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.3

Based on the application of an integrated dynamic brake (IDB) system that uses a PWM inverter fed-AC motor drive to operate the piston, a new active zero state PWM (AZSPWM) is proposed to improve the stability and reliability of the IDB system by suppressing the conducted electro-magnetic interference (EMI) noise under a wide range of load torque. The new AZSPWM reduces common-mode voltage (CMV) by one-third when compared to that of the conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM). Although this method slightly increases the output current ripple by reducing the CMV, like the CSVPWM, it can be used within the full range of the load torque. Further, unlike other reduced common-mode voltage (RCMV) PWMs, it does not increase the switching power loss. A theoretical analysis is presented and experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

A New Active Zero State PWM for Six-Phase Inverter

Jae-Hyuk Baik,Sang-Won Yun,Ji-Yoon Yoo 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

This paper presents a new active zero state pulse width modulation (AZSPWM) that improves the performance of both switching and common-mode voltage (CMV) of six-phase drives. The new AZSPWM applies two opposite large voltage vectors instead of zero voltage vectors for synthesizing the reference voltage vector. Compared with conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM), the switching patterns of the new AZSPWM present a symmetrical waveform, halving the switching frequency and reducing the total switching dramatically. The simultaneous switchings are also eliminated and the CMV is reduced by 1/3 in full modulation index. Simulation results show that the new AZSPWM slightly increases α-β, and x-y current distortions, but these distortions rapidly decrease as modulation index increases.

Deletion of liver-specific STAT5 gene alters the expression of bile acid metabolism genes and reduces liver damage in lithogenic diet-fed mice

Baik, Myunggi,Kim, Jangseon,Piao, Min Yu,Kang, Hyeok Joong,Park, Seung Ju,Na, Sang Weon,Ahn, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Jae-Hyuk Elsevier 2017 The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol.39 No.-

<P>Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) mediates growth hormone signals, which may control hepatic cholesterol uptake and bile acid metabolism. Deregulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid metabolism may cause liver damage and cholesterol gallstone development. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of local STAT5 signaling in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism using liver-specific STAT5 knock-out (STAT5 LKO) mice on a normal diet and a cholesterol- and bile acid-containing lithogenic diet. STAT5 LKO mice showed significant down-regulation of STAT5 and insulin-like growth factor-1 genes. STATS gene deletion had a minor effect on cholesterol metabolism, as evidenced by a minor change in circulating cholesterol levels and no changes in expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor and cholesterol synthesis genes in STAT5 LKO mice. In contrast, bile acid synthesis and uptake genes were profoundly down-regulated and bile acid detoxification genes were up-regulated in STATS LKO mice. In STAT5 fl/fl mice, a lithogenic diet induced liver damage, as evidenced by moderate increases in liver ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis. However, STATS deletion ameliorated the degree of liver damage induced by the lithogenic diet. In STATS LKO mice, a lithogenic diet did not alter the incidence or severity of cholesterol gallstones. In conclusion, local STATS signaling does not have a significant role in cholesterol metabolism. In contrast, hepatic STAT5 signaling has significant roles in regulating transcription of genes for synthesis, transport and detoxification of bile acids, but it has only a minor role in bile acid metabolism. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Efficacy and Safety of UI05MSP015CT in Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

( Hyuk Yoon ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Yong-Hyun Lee ),( Ju-Cheol Jeong ),( Soo Teik Lee ),( Myung-Gyu Choi ),( Seong Woo Jeon ),( Ki-Nam Shim ),( Gwang Ho Baik ),( Jae Gyu Kim ),( Jeong Seop Moon ),( In-Kyu 대한소화기학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.5

Background/Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a controlled release, once-daily formulation of mosapride (UI05MSP015CT) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: Patients with FD were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either UI05MSP015CT (15 mg once a day, study group) or mosapride (5 mg three times a day, control group) and corresponding placebo for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in the gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS) evaluated at enrollment and after 4 weeks. Secondary endpoints were changes in the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), rate of satisfactory symptom relief, and rate of adverse events. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled (female, 73.9%; mean age, 44.0±15.4 years). After excluding patients who violated the study protocol, 59 and 58 patients from the study and control groups, respectively, were included in the per-protocol analysis. No difference was observed in drug compliance between the control and study groups (97.07%±4.52% vs 96.85%±6.05%, p=0.870). Changes in GIS scores were -9.69±6.44 and -10.01±5.92 in the study and control groups. The mean difference in GIS change between groups was 0.33 (95% confidence interval, -1.75 to 2.41), demonstrating non-inferiority of UI-05MSP015CT (p=0.755). The rate of satisfactory symptom relief was not different between the study and control groups (39.0% vs 56.9%, p=0.053). No differences in change in NDI-K score (14.3 vs 16.9, p=0.263) or rates of adverse events (12.9% vs. 4.4%, p=0.062) were observed between the study and control groups. Conclusions: Once-daily mosapride is not inferior to conventional mosapride in efficacy and is safe in patients with FD. (Gut Liver 2018;12:516-522)

일차 인공 슬관절 전치환술에서 자가 배액혈 재주입법과 무배액법의 비교

한혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Han ),강승백 ( Seung Baik Kang ),윤강섭 ( Kang Sup Yoon ),이지호 ( Ji Ho Lee ),이재협 ( Jae Hyup Lee ),조현철 ( Hyun Chul Jo ),이승환 ( Seung Hwan Rhee ),김태우 ( Tae Woo Kim ) 대한슬관절학회 2008 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.20 No.2

목적: 인공 슬관절 전치환술 후에 동종 혈액 수혈에 따른 비용 및 감염의 위험 때문에 환자 자신의 배액된 혈액을 재주입하는 자가 수혈 배액기가 사용되어 왔다. 일반 배액기와는 많은 비교 연구가 이루어졌으나, 배액기를 사용하지 않는 경우와는 비교연구가 적었다. 이에 인공 슬관절 전치환술에서 자가 배액혈 재주입법과 무배액법의 술 후 초기 결과를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 1월부터 2006년 3월까지 인공 슬관절 전치환술을 시행받은 환자 중 양측을 동시에 시행 받지 않은 자가 배액혈 재주입군과 무배액군 각각 30예를 성별과 연령으로 짝짓기 선정하여 후향적 분석을 하였다. 2003년 1월 이후로 치환물 삽입 완료 후, 지혈대의 압력을 제거하고, 세밀한 지혈 후 봉합하였다. 2005년 10월까지는 동의가 있는 경우 자가 수혈 배액기를 사용하였고, 술 후 8시간 이내에 배액된 혈액을 재주입하고도 혈 중 혈색소(hemoglobin)가 10 g/dL 이하인 경우 동종 혈액 수혈을 시행하였다. 2005년 11월 이후에는 위와 동일한 방법으로 수술을 시행하고, 배액기를 사용하지 않았으며, 같은 기준으로 수혈을 시행하였다. 술 전 변수로는 나이, 성별, 비만도, 진단명, 수술 및 감염의 기왕력, 항응고제 사용여부, 동반된 내과적 질환을, 술 후 변수로는 혈색소, 혈소판, 헤마토크릿의 변화, 동종 혈액 수혈의 빈도 및 양, 술 후 진통제의 사용량, 술 후 합병증(창상 분비 지연 또는 창상 주위 혈종, 표재성 감염, 급성기 심부 감염, 심부 정맥 혈전증, 관절 강직)의 발생 유무, 술 후 재활의 진행 정도, 외래 추시 중측정한 임상 점수를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 술 후 동종 혈액 수혈의 양은 무배액군에서 더 많았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 술 후 평균 혈색소 수치와 술 후 평균 헤마토크릿 수치는 자가 배액혈 재주입군에서 술 후 2주까지 높은 결과를 보였으며, 술 후 2일과 7일의 결과는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 창상 치유 지연, 술 후 감염의 빈도는 무배액군에서 높았다. 결론: 자가 배액혈 재주입법을 사용한 경우, 무배액법에 비하여 동종 혈액 수혈량, 술 후 혈색소 및 헤마토크릿의 회복, 진통제 사용, 재활의 진행, 단기 임상 결과에 있어 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 창상치유와 술 후 감염의 합병증 발생 빈도에 있어 우수하였다. Purpose: Primary total knee arthroplasty is associated with considerable blood loss, and allergenic blood transfusions are frequently necessary. Because of the cost and risks of allogenic blood transfusions, the autologous drainage blood reinfusion technique has been developed as an alternative transfusion technique. A number of studies have compared the reinfusion techniques with standard suction drainage, but few reports have compared the reinfusion technique with the technique that uses no drain. We analyzed the early results after primary total knee arthroplasty with using autologous drainage blood reinfusion and no drain. Materials and Methods: We selected 30 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty with using no drain between November 2005 and March 2006 and they were matched for age and gender with 30 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty with using the autologous drainage blood reinfusion technique between January 2003 and October 2005. All the operations were done under a pneumatic tourniquet and meticulous hemostasis was performed after deflation of the tourniquet. We have retrospectively reviewed the preoperative data (age, gender, the body mass index, the diagnosis, a history of knee surgery, infection and/or anticoagulant therapy, and the medical cormorbidities) and the postoperative data (the hemoglobin level, the hematocrit and the platelet count during hospitalization, the amount of allogenic blood transfusion and narcotics, the complications, the rehabilitation process and the clinical scores). Results: The amount of allogenic blood transfusion in the autologous drainage blood reinfusion group was greater than that of the no drain group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The hemoglobin level and hematocrit during hospitalization were higher in the autologous drainage blood reinfusion group, which was significant at the postoperative second and seventh days. There was a case of deep infection in the no drain group. Conclusion: The autologous drainage blood reinfusion method when performing primary total knee arthroplasty did not show any significant clinical benefit over the no-drain method with regards to allogenic blood transfusions, the amount of narcotic used, the rehabilitation processes and the clinical scores. However, the incidences of wound complication and infection were higher in the no drain group.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes에 의한 hairy root형상에 대한 생리학적 연구

황백(Baik Hwang),안준철(Jun Cheul An),이재혁(Jae Hyuk Lee) 한국생물공학회 1989 KSBB Journal Vol.4 No.3

Association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α gene promoter polymorphisms

Cheong, Jae Youn,Cho, Sung Won,Hwang, Il Lan,Yoon, Seung Kew,Lee, June Hyuk,Park, Choon Sik,Lee, Jong Eun,Hahm, Ki Baik,Kim, Jin Hong Blackwell Publishing Asia 2006 Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.21 No.7

<P>Abstract</P><P>Background: </P><P>The reasons for the viral persistence of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) are unknown, but are probably related to host immune factors. Cytokines play a significant role in immune defense. The present study was undertaken to investigate the association between HBV infection and polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-10 gene promoter.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>A total of 412 Korean patients with HBV infection (72 inactive carriers, 261 witih chronic hepatitis, 79 with liver cirrhosis) and 204 healthy individuals who recovered from HBV infection, were studied. The polymorphisms in IL-10 gene promoter (−1082, −819, −592), and TNF-α gene promoter (−308, −238) were assessed by single base primer extension assay.</P><P>Results: </P><P>The frequency of C/C genotype at position −592 of IL-10 gene promoter was higher in the HBV clearance group than that in the persistence group in univariate analysis (12.7% vs 7.5%, <I>P</I> = 0.036). The IL-10 gene promoter −592 C/C genotype was related to clearance of HBV infection in logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age and sex (<I>P</I> = 0.003). Genotype frequencies of TNF-α gene promoter at position −308 and −238 were not different between the clearance and the persistence group in univariate analysis, but in multivariate analysis after adjusting for age and sex, −308G/−238G homozygotes were associated with HBV persistence (<I>P</I> = 0.005). Genotype distributions of both gene promoters in inactive carriers were similar to those in patients with chronic progressive liver disease.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>The carriers of the −592A allele in the IL-10 promoter and −308G/−238G haplotype homozygotes in the TNF-α promoter region have higher risk of persistent HBV infection.</P>

실험적 뇌허혈이 대뇌피질의 Protein Kinase C Isozyme발현에 미치는 영향

심재진,김재휴,이제혁,이기영,백영홍,이은주,안규윤,배춘상 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.5

Ischemia leads to a complex sequence of events culminating in the loss of functional integrity of the nervous system and, ultimately, in neuronal cell death. Intracellular accumulation of calcium ions following ischemia may alter protein kinase C(PKC) activity. But nature of change of the PKC activity depending on duration and degree of ischemia is not well understood. To understand the effect of the experimental focal ischemia on expression of PKC isozyme, we investigated the expression of PKC y, fl, a immunocytochemically and activities of cytoch-rome oxidase(C0) histochemically in focal ischemic brain of the rat. Two groups of focal ischemic infarction were produced in two groups of Sprague Dawley rats(200-3oOgm) : Group Ⅰ, Clip compression of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) for lomin and release and sacrificed 48hr later : Group Ⅱ, Electric coagulation of left MCA and killed 2-24hr later. In the group Ⅰ, CO activity and immunoreactivity(1R) for PKC y and B were decreased generally in the left MCA territory, especially in layers Ⅱ through Ⅳ of ischemic cortex In the group Ⅱ, decrease of CO activities and marked increase of three PKC isozyme 1% were noted in the layers I through Ⅵ. The isozymes displayed different localization in the control cortex, but the IRs of three isozymes markedly increased in the ischemic region, so that the difference among IR patterns disappeared Although vacuolation and decrease of number of IR neuron were noted, there were remaining IR pyramidal neurons around vacuole in layers IV/V showing dense immuostaining in the cell body and apical dendrite. These results indicate that lomin acute ischemia inhibits activity of PKC y and i3 and that prolonged ischemia longer than 2hr induces the expression of three PKC isozymes. Inhibition and possible induction of PKC are proposed to represent a critical step during ischemic neuronal injury.