Relay selection Algorithm for wireless cooperative networks: a learning-based approach

Jadoon, Muhammad Awais,Kim, Sunghwan IET 2017 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.11 No.7

<P>Relay selection in cooperative communication is a crucial task for achieving the spatial diversity since the improper relay selection can decrease the overall capacity of the network. In this study, the authors use a reinforcement learning technique, called as Q-learning (QL), to solve the relay selection problem. They propose a 'QL-based relay selection algorithm' (QL-RSA) for wireless cooperative networks that maximises the total capacity of the network. QL-RSA receives the reward (feedback) in terms of the capacity by learning a multi-node amplify-and-forward cooperative environment with time-varying Rayleigh fading channels. The advantages of QL-RSA are that it is less complex, requires less channel feedback information and it is distributed in a multiple-sources environment as it provides each source a self-learning capability to find the optimal relay without exchanging information with other source nodes.</P>

Probing the role of hydrolytically stable, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane crosslinked chitosan/graphene oxide membrane towards Congo red dye adsorption

Jadoon Aniqa,Ali Zarshad,Farooq W.A.,Ali Farman,Price Gareth J.,Taimur Shaista,Atif M.,AlMutairi Mona A.,Yaqub Nafeesah,Bibi Saira 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.40 No.-

In this investigation, the practicability of utilizing 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3-APTES) crosslinked chitosan (Ch)/graphene oxide (GO) membranes were explored for adsorptive removal of anionic dyes from aqueous medium. Membranes were successfully fabricated through solution casting technique. Strong interactions amongst matrix (chitosan), 3-APTES, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and GO were confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the chitosan was improved by adding graphene oxide and results were verified via thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Swelling and hydrolytic results confirmed that 2 %-Ch/PVP was a stable membrane while increasing the amount of 3-APTES in the chitosan nanocomposites membrane decreased its stability in aqueous medium. The adsorption characteristics of the membranes were evaluated by the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous medium. The adsorbent can remove 80% of CR from aqueous medium and follows second order kinetics. This study outlines the possibility of exploring green membranes which can be easily fit in various flow systems.

FEEDLOT FATTENING OF SHEEP IN PAKISTAN

Jadoon, J.K.,Syed, A.H.,Mirza, I.H.,Naqvi, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3

Ninety six Rambouillet ${\times}$ Kaghani intact male lambs of 18 months of age were divided into 6 groups of 16 lambs each, groups being G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4, G-5 and G-6. Average liveweight of animals on different treatments at day 0 of the experiment was G-1 (24.68 S.D 3.35), G-2 (24.56 S.D 2.55), G-3 (24.53 S.D 2.90), G-4 (24.51 S.D 3.38), G-5 (24.58 S.D 3.58) and G-6 (24.81 S.D 3.43). Animals on treatment G-1 were fed only maize silage ad libitum, G-2 had been offered maize silage ad libitum plus 4.8 kg of commercial concentrate (Sona Vanda) per group, G-3 maize silage ad libitum plus 4.8 kg of crushed maize grain per group. G-4 lambs were fed oat silage ad libitum plus 4.8 kg of crushed maize per group, G-5 oat silage plus 4.8 kg of commercial concentrate per group and G-6 only oat silage ad libitum. The results showed highly significant differences (p<0.01) among treatment groups in silage intake throughout the feeding trial. G-2 group showed the highest silage intake while treatment G-4 showed the lowest silage intake for the first two months and treatment G-6 for the last two months. The results of growth rates (g/d/animal) showed that treatments G-1 and G-6, where no supplementation was given, had a weight loss throughout the feeding trial. However, weight loss in treatment G-6 was more severe than treatment G-1. Treatments G-2, G-3, G-4 and G-5 all showed weight gain however, treatment G-2 had the most gain. G-2 group also showed the highest wool production while G-6 the lowest. These results indicated that silage when made from full bloom crops of oats and silage fed alone without any supplementation causes weight loss in sheep. Supplementation with concentrates having 19% CP is far better than the crushed maize grain and maize silage is better than oats silage. Maize silage is superior than oat silage however, better performance could be expected if silages were made at the early bloom (dough) stage of plant maturity. The results indicate that treatment G-2 shows highest response while treatment G-6 the lowest. So the response of different treatments on both the parameters of weight gain and wool production is almost similar.

PE-107: Hyponatremia in Decompens ated Cirrhosis: Is It Associated with More Severe Disease?

( Nauman Arif Jadoon ),( Zeeshan Butt ),( Ahmed Shahzad ),( Kamran Mushtaq ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether there is any association between hyponatremia and severity of decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: Consecutive patients of decompensated cirrhosis presenting at three tertiary care hospitals were included in the study. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium levels of <135 mEq/L. Patients with Child-Pugh Class A and B were considered having mild disease and Class C patients were categorized as having severe disease. Results: A total of 202 patients were included in the study with male preponderance (53%). Patients presenting with Child-Pugh Class A, B and C were 16 (6.9%), 74 (36.6%) and 114 (56.4%) respectively. Hyponatremia was present in 37.3% of the patients. On bivariate analysis, factors associated with severe decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class C) were total protein <6 g/dL (p, 0.002), hemoglobin level <12 g/dL (p, 0.006), APTT >35 seconds (p <0.001), AST >35 IU (p, 0.03) and serum sodium level <135 mEq/L. Thrombocytopenia, raised blood urea, raised serum creatinine, and hyperkalemia were not associated with severity of decompensated cirrhosis as was the etiology of cirrhosis (Hepatitis C versus non-hepatisis C). Variables significant in the bivariate analysis were then included in the multivariate logistic regression model. All the variables remained significant except anemia which did not show any association with severity of disease in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: One third of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis in the present study had hyponatremia which was associated with less severe disease (lower Child-Pugh Class) at presentation.

Prevalence and Predictors of Thrombocytopenia in Advanced Liver Disease

( Nauman Arif Jadoon ),( Zeeshan Butt ),( Sa? U Khan ),( Kamran Mushtaq ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: To study clinical, laboratory and demographic predictors of thrombocytopenia in advanced liver disease. Methods: 248 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) (age range: 30-75 years; majority with chronic C hepatitis (78 %)) were prospectively analyzed. The platelet count with cut-off value of \150,000/lL was taken as thrombocytopenia. Patients with and without thrombocytopenia were correlated with patients’ characteristics, such as demographics, prevalent extra hepatic diseases, therapeutic interventions (endoscopy, band ligation and interferon therapy), clinical signs and laboratory variables. Results: 248 patients showed following distribution according to CP classi.cation: A; 7 %; B; 30 % and C; 63 %. Hepatitis C (83 %, P = 0.009) demonstrated strong correlation but hepatitis B infection and alcohol failed to show any signi.cant association with thrombocytopenia (P[0.05). People with splenomegaly (73 %, p = 0.000) and elevated ALT levels ([35 IU) were more prevalent in thrombocytopenia group (96 %, P = 0.019). Deranged clotting parameters PT ([15 sec, 96 %, p = 0.001) and aPTT ([35 s, 86 %, p = 0.023) were strongly associated with thrombocytopenia. However no statistically signi.cant association was observed between demographic variables, MELD score, CP classi.cation, extra-hepatic diseases, therapeutic interventions and other clinical signs and laboratory tests (p[0.05 for all). Conclusions: Hepatitis C infection is an independent predictor of thrombocytopenia in DC. Combination of splenomegaly, elevated ALT, deranged clotting parameters can predict thrombocytopenia in advanced liver disease.

PE-106: Presence of Anemia Predicts Advanced Grade at Presentation in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

( Nauman Arif Jadoon ),( Zeeshan Butt ),( Ahmed Shahzad ),( Kamran Mushtaq ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The objective of our study was to assess the impact of anemia on HE grade at presentation. Methods: Consecutive patients of HE admitted in the medical wards of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during March 2010 and May 2010 were enrolled in the study. HE grade at presentation was assessed by using West-Haven Criteria. Complete blood count, bleeding profile, liver function tests and ultrasound was done in emergency at presentation. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the impact of anemia on hepatic encephalopathy grade at presentation. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 61 patients were included in the study. 20% patients were in grade 1 HE; 20% in grade 2; 39% in grade 3; and 21% in grade 4 HE. Advanced grade HE was defined as HE grade >2. On univariate analysis prothrombin time >15 seconds, diabetes, esophageal varices on endoscopy, and anemia were significant predictors of advanced grade HE (p values: 0.048, 0.048, 0.039, 0.037). Hypoalbuminemia was less common in advanced grade HE patients (p, 0.004). Child Pugh Score and MELD Score had no relation with HE grade at presentation. All the significant factors in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. Only anemia was significant predictor of advanced grade HE in multivariate analysis (p, 0.018). Conclusions: Sixty percent of HE patients present with advanced grade. Anemia is associated with advanced HE grade at presentation.

Performance of Physical-layer Network Coding in Wireless Cooperative Communication

Muhammad Awais Jadoon(자둔 무하마드 어웨이스),He Wang(왕학),Sunghwan Kim(김성환) 한국통신학회 2016 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Unknown Disturbances Estimation of High Switching Frequency Single-phase PWM Rectifier

Habib Ullah Khan Jadoon,Deqing Huang,Na Qin,Zifeng Gong 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.8

The fault and disturbances estimation has an important role in the modern traction railway system. This paper proposes a unique method for the real-time robust sensor fault detection and unknown bounded disturbances estimation of high switching frequency single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier. The new state observer is designed for open-circuit sensors fault for single-phase PWM rectifier. The digital realization method is used to minimize the observer fluctuation in presence of fault with and without external disturbance. The fault diagnosis approach constitutes on threshold establishment with respect to residual generation based on observer and estimator. The impact of uncertainties is reduced and the convergence speed of fault estimation and accuracy is improved by H∞ performance level. The extensive simulations are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. From the presented results, the performance of the proposed method is illustrated along with the fault isolation and disturbance estimator.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SUPPLEMENTING LAMBS WITH UREA MOLASSES BLOCKS ON RANGES OF PAKISTAN

Rafiq, M.,Jadoon, J.K.,Mahmood, K.,Naqvi, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.2

Effects on feed intake, liveweight gain and economic benefits of supplementing lambs with urea molasses blocks, were studied. Forty eight crossbred lambs were divided into 6 groups and assigned randomly to grazing on native pasture (CONT) or along with supplements of Commercial ration (COM) and urea molasses blocks (UMBs) containing two levels of cement and calcium oxide as a binding agent. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.01) differences in dry matter (DMI, g/day), crude protein (CPI, g/day) and metabolizable energy (MEI, MJ/day) intakes. Differences in liveweight gain (LWG, g/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and net economic benefit of supplementation were also highly variable. The intake of DM, CP and ME varied from 974 to 1002, 66-70 and 7.6-8.4 in lambs supplemented with UMBs, significantly (p<0.01) greater than 848, 52.5 and 5.6 in lambs supplemented with COM or FCR and net economic benefits (54.3; 57.8; 17.1 and 1.96; 2.4) in lambs supplemented with COM and UMB-2, were CONT or supplemented with UMB-1, UMB-3 and UMB-4 respectively. Factors responsible for differences in feed intake, liveweight gain and economic benefits, are discussed.

PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS FED UREA MOLASSES BLOCKS vs CONCENTRATE

Mirza, I.H.,Jadoon, J.K.,Naqvi, M.A.,Ali, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.1

Thirty five crossbred male lambs of about 8 months age, with an average body weight of 24 kg were divided into 7 groups of 5 lambs each and were fed urea molasses blocks (UMB) for 150 days (groups 1 to 5); having, 4, 6, 8 and 10% urea respectively; while group 6 was fed concentrate @318 g per head daily and 7th group was kept as control i.e. grazing only. Daily consumption of UMB/concentrate was found to be 318, 246, 211, 93 and 318 g/d for groups 1 to 6, respectively. The statistical differences in consumption between group 1 and group 6, and group 2, 3 and 4 were found to be non-significant. Only group 5 differed statistically from all other groups. The average daily gain was 48, 29, 39, 38, 25 and 66 grams for groups 1 to 6 respectively, while group no. 7 lost 11 g/head/day. The differences in weight gain among groups 1, 3, 4 and 6 were non significant. The expenditure per kg body weight gain was found to be ($Rs^C$) 9.53, 12.45, 8.05, 7.99, 3.69 and 10.85 for groups 1 to 6, respectively.