Diffuse optical tomography: Imaging multiple structural and functional features

Jiang, Ruixin University of Florida 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Diffuse Optical Tomography has drawn more and more interests in the biomedical field over the recent couple of decades due to its ability to noninvasively recover not only tissue structural information but also functional and molecular properties. The contrasts that optical parameters could demonstrate in DOT are usually higher than those of the conventional methods. Based on these contrasts, different approaches had been developed applying DOT for imaging, and so far lots of efforts were spent on detecting breast cancer by imaging tissue absorption and scattering coefficients as well as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation level. In this work, we tried to expand the ability of DOT in breast cancer detection by introducing Phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT). PCDOT uses near-infrared diffusing light to non-invasively reconstruct tissue refractive index (RI) distribution. RI depends on the tissue’s physical and chemical properties and previous study revealed that it might serve as a promising imaging parameter in breast cancer detection. We’ve first developed a 2-step method to improve the PCDOT image both qualitatively and quantitatively at single-wavelength; then we’ve introduced a multispectral PCDOT algorithm to more efficiently reconstruct RI simultaneously with other tissue functional parameters and attempted to improve this algorithm by different structural regularization methods. Measuring hemodynamic changes, oxygen delivery and cerebral blood flow is important for locating and interpreting pathological variations associated with epileptic disorders. We then further expanded the application of DOT by presenting a method of dynamic, noninvasive and functional diffuse optical brain imaging that is conducted simultaneously with hippocampus CA1 local field potential recordings for anesthetized rats under resting conditions and during acute chemoconvulant provoked seizures. By illuminating the scalp with near-infrared light and recovering, the backward scattered light were collected and three-dimensional (3D) absolute tissue optical absorption images with high temporal resolution were obtained using a finite-element based reconstruction algorithm. The measured tissue absorption changes were validated with optic-intrinsic-signals measurement. In the focal seizure model, the seizure focus could be identified using the technique denoted by local variations of tissue absorption level as well as hemoglobin and cerebral blood flow changes. The findings are consistent with general observations in seizures of significant local cerebral metabolism increase. Successive absorption images along with EEG signals demonstrated linearity relationships from the neurovascular coupling study, suggesting cerebral metabolism closely matches demand from neuronal changes. This preclinical study suggests that this technique is feasible to be applied to human study and can provide insights into brain function and mechanisms of seizure disorders.

Voltage and timing adaptation for variation and aging tolerance in nanometer VLSI circuits

심규남 ProQuest LLC UMI Dissertation Publishing 2013 국내박사

Visual statistical learning and its impact on spatial attention

원보영 ProQuest LLC UMI Dissertation Publishing 2014 국내박사

Anticancer effects of vitamin E forms and their long-chain metabolites via modulation of sphingolipid metabolism

Jang, Yumi ProQuest LLC 2016 국내박사

Flexoelectricity of barium strontium titanate and its applications

권설령 ProQuest LLC UMI Dissertation Publishing 2015 국내박사

Computational and Physical Quality Assurance Tools for Radiotherapy

Graves, Yan Jiang University of California, San Diego 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

Radiation therapy aims at delivering a prescribed amount of radiation dose to cancerous targets while sparing dose to normal organs. Treatment planning and delivery in modern radiotherapy are highly complex. To ensure the accuracy of the delivered dose to a patient, a quality assurance (QA) procedure is needed before the actual treatment delivery. This dissertation aims at developing computational and physical tools to facilitate the QA process. In Chapter 2, we have developed a fast and accurate computational QA tool using a graphics processing unit based Monte Carlo (MC) dose engine. This QA tool aims at identifying any errors in the treatment planning stage and machine delivery process by comparing three dose distributions: planned dose computed by a treatment planning system, planned dose and delivered dose reconstructed using the MC method. Within this tool, several modules have been built. (1) A denoising algorithm to smooth the MC calculated dose. We have also investigated the effects of statistical uncertainty in MC simulations on a commonly used dose comparison metric. (2) A linear accelerator source model with a semi-automatic commissioning process. (3) A fluence generation module. With all these modules, a web application for this QA tool with a user friendly interface has been developed to provide users with easy access to our tool, facilitating its clinical utilizations. Even after an initial treatment plan fulfills the QA requirements, a patient may experience inter-fractional anatomy variations, which compromise the initial plan optimality. To resolve this issue, adaptive radiotherapy (ART) has been proposed, where treatment plan is redesigned based on most recent patient anatomy. In Chapter 3, we have constructed a physical deformable head and neck (HN) phantom with in-vivo dosimetry capability. This phantom resembles HN patient geometry and simulates tumor shrinkage with a high level of realism. The ground truth deformation field can be measured from built-in surface markers, which is then used to verify the accuracy of an important ART step of deformable image registration. Our experiments also demonstrate the feasibility of using this phantom as an end-to-end ART QA phantom with an emphasis on testing the dose deliver accuracy.

Two Parameter Inference Methods in Likelihood-Free Models: Approximate Bayesian Computation and Contrastive Divergence

Jiang, Bai ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Stanford Universit 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is a summary of my three major projects in my PhD program.A version of Chapter 2 has been accepted by Statistica Sinica [Bai Jiang, Tung-Yu Wu, Charles Zheng, and Wing Hung Wong. Learning summary statistic for Approximate Bayesian Computation via deep neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1510.02175. 2015]. I was the first author, responsible for all major areas of concept formation, methodology, mathematical proof, experiments, data analysis, as well as the majority of manuscript composition. Wu T-Y contributed to conducting simulation experiments, and Zheng C contributed to manuscript composition and proofreading the mathematical texts in the proof. Wong WH was the supervisory author on this project and was involved throughout the project.A version of Chapter 3 has been submitted to one of the top journals in Statistics and is now available in arXiv, a repository of electronic preprints, [Tung-Yu Wu, Bai Jiang, Yifan Jin, Wing Hung Wong. Convergence of Contrastive Divergence algorithm in exponential family. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.05729. 2016]. Wu T-Y and I were co-first authors contributing equally to this project. Wu T-Y was involved in the early stages of concept formation and conducted preliminary experiments. I was responsible for mathematical proof, experiments, data analysis and manuscript composition. Jin Y was involved in the early stages of concept formation and contributed to mathematical proof. Wong WH was the supervisory author on this project and was involved throughout the project.A version of Chapter 4 has been submitted to one of the top journals in Statistics and is now available in arXiv [Bai Jiang, Tung-Yu Wu, Wing Hung Wong. Convergence of Contrastive Divergence with annealed learning rate in exponential family.arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.06220. 2016]. I was the first author, responsible for all major areas of concept formation, mathematical proof, experiments, data analysis and manuscript composition. Wu T-Y was involved in the early stage of concept formation. Wong WH was the supervisory author on this project and was involved throughout the project.

한국어와 광둥어의 유사성을 활용한 한자어 교육 방안 연구 : 광둥어권 한국어 학습자를 대상으로

Jiang Huishan 韓國外國語大學校 KFL大學院 2022 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of similarity between Korean and Cantonese on learning Sino-Korean words of Cantonese-Speaking Korean Learners, and to explore ways to educate Sino-Korean words using similarities between Korean and Cantonese. Therefore, in this study similarities between Cantonese and Korean Sino-Korean words were derived through control analysis, and through surveys and experiments, the status of Sino-Korean words learning, patterns of Sino-Korean words use, and understanding of Sino-Korean words were investigated. According to the results of the study, it can be seen that Cantonese-Speaking Korean Learners have never experienced a class where only Sino-Korean words are taught, and that learners have a necessary awareness of Sino-Korean words classes due to the positive and negative influences due to the similarity between Korean and Cantonese. In addition, Cantonese-Speaking Korean Learners can infer Sino-Korean words from Cantonese and improve their understanding of Sino-Korean words. Therefore, according to the similarity between Korean and Cantonese, Sino-Korean words teaching·learning contents were prepared using pronunciation similarity, monosyllabic inclusion and correspondence similarity, correspondence similarity in reverse order, and similarity in meaning, meaning range, and form. In addition, the result of this study is that the influence of Cantonese-Speaking Korean Learners' mother tongue transfer will enable them to learn Sino-Korean words efficiently, and this study is meaningful in reducing the learning burden on learners.

AI 역량과 동적역량이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향 : 한국 코스피 비금융 기업을 대상으로

JIANG MINYU 경희대학교 대학원 2026 국내석사

푸치니 작품에 나타난 가곡과 오페라의 주요 아리아 선율 연구 : 가곡《그리고 작은 새는》과 오페라《토스카》, 가곡《육지와 바다》와 오페라《나비부인》을 중심으로

JIANG HANZHI 삼육대학교 일반대학원 2024 국내박사

푸치니 작품에 나타난 가곡과 오페라의 주요 아리아 선율 연구 -가곡《그리고 작은 새는》과 오페라《토스카》, 가곡《육지와 바다》와 오페라《나비부인》을 중심으로- Jiang Hanzhi 삼육대학교 대학원 음악학과 글로벌인재 음악학 성악전공 푸치니는 다양한 종류의 오페라를 작곡하였으며 오페라를 통하여 다른 유럽 국가들의 진보적 화성 양식과 새로운 창작 기법을 시도하였고, 가곡 등 다양한 장 르의 작품들도 작곡하였다. 이탈리아 낭만주의 오페라와 예술가곡의 대명사인 푸 치니의 진정한 음악적 가치를 재조명하기 위하여, 본 논문은 푸치니의 가곡 2편 《그리고 작은 새는》과《육지와 바다》와 같은 시기에 작곡된 오페라 2편인《토 스카》, 《나비부인》을 매칭하여 가곡과 바리톤 아리아의 선율 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 푸치니 작품에 나타난 가곡과 오페라의 주요 아리아 선율 연구 결과 다음 과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 구조에서 가곡은 간결하고도 반복적으로 음악을 구성하는 특징을 보였 다. 오페라는 관현악 기법에 뛰어난 푸치니의 성악과 관현악의 블렌딩이 돋보이었 으며 바그너의 라이트모티브의 영향을 받아서 인물마다 주제 동기가 설정되어 있 었음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 선율에서 가곡은 성악 선율의 음정이 순차 진행과 장 3도와 완전 4도 도약진행을 하였고, 아리아의 레치타치브와 같은 기법인 반복적인 동음을 사용하 였다. 가곡과 오페라 아리아에서 레치타치브라는 공통점을 발견할 수 있었다. 셋째, 리듬에서는 가곡과 아리아의 공통점은 주선율의 정해진 리듬 안에서 벗 어나지 않았으며, 리듬의 역할은 선율을 보조적으로 뒷받침하며, 선율을 돋보이게 해주었다. 넷째,《그리고 작은 새는》D Major로 시작하여 딸림음조와 버금 딸림음조의 관계조를 갖고 있었으며, 오페라《토스카》의 제1막 피날레는 Eb Major로 시작된 다. 가곡《육지와 바다》는 f minor로 시작하여 Eb Major, E Major, F Major, 원 조인 f minor로 회귀하며, 가곡보다는 원조에서 멀리 전조 되었음을 알 수 있었 다. 주요어 : 푸치니, 가곡, 오페라, 아리아, 그리고 작은 새는, 토스카, 육지와 바다, 나비부인