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대화교환체(對話交換體)의 제양상(諸樣相)과 기술모형(記述模型)에 관(關)하여
구자은 ( Koo¸ Ja-eun ) 현대영미어문학회 1990 현대영미어문학 Vol.8 No.-
Language is so highly an organized system composed of many structural properties that linguistics puts its basis on the assumption that human language at all levels is rule-governed. This is true also of conversation. Many studies on conversational analysis after the latter half of 1960’s have tried to discover the rules for the production of co herent discourse and to describe the conversational structures they generate. The main purpose of this paper is not just to make a comprehensive study of conversational exchanges(E), but to develop strategies for recognizing them with a view to proving that conversation is highly organized and amenable to systematic analysis using traditional linguistic concepts such as sequentiality, hierarchy, optionality, re cursion, and so on. In addition, further attention is directed toward studying single linear approach and multi-layered one to formalize E-structure systematically. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows : Using the concept of continuous classification, we can effectively classify and interpret each utterance in the light of the structural pre dictions, if any, set up by the preceding utterance. This method en ables us to define elements of E —structure in terms of binary or cross-classifing combinations of predictability feature(± predicting / ± predicted) and place feature(± initial / ± terminal), and to effectively describe the variety of exchange structures in conversation. The following are all the E—structures generated to ac count for naturally occurring conversational data. a. [Inf (F<sup>n</sup>)] [I R (F<sup>n</sup>)] [I R/I R (F<sup>n</sup>)] b. [I R/I<sup>n</sup> R F<sup>n</sup>) ] c. [Inf (Ir R<sup>n</sup>)] [I R (Ir R<sup>n</sup>)] [IR/IR (Ir R<sup>n</sup>)] However, in order to take full accout of patterns of organization in conversation, and to predict the distribution of surace forms success fully, we must describe in detail even the differences between pro-positional informations in the same structure. Therefore, this study has contended that exchange structures be analyzed according to a multi-layered approach, which presupposes that the exchange is the unit concerned with negotiating the transmission of information. After developing 4 strategies to recognize E—structure in conversation concerning predictability, semantics, syntax, and phonology, this study has examined aspects of E—structure in 4 selected Korean dramas. As the result, conversational activities have been realised as the act of Solicit more frequently than that of Give. In short, this study has revealed that conversation commonly reckoned as chaotic and irregular is amenable to systematic description by analyzing the variety of conversational exchanges with the assistance of some notational conventions.
대화구조(對話構造)의 화행연속모형(話行連續模型)에 관(關)한 소고(小考)
具滋銀 ( Koo¸ Ja-eun ) 현대영미어문학회 1989 현대영미어문학 Vol.7 No.-
Speech act sequential model is aimed at describing the coherent sequence of dialogue on the assumptions that (1) the utterances of conversation may be analyzed as speech act categories and (2) the succession of utterances is regulated by rule that specify the range of speech act types that may appropriately follow any given speech act. This model also uses speech acts as the structural units upon which coherent sequential relations are defined, but the functional properties of speech acts do not enter into such definition. As the result, our analysis could not provide an account for the variety of coherent replies to first pair parts that do not fit into the category of second pair parts. This paper not only concerns itself with the comprehensive analysis of sequencing rules approach and its shortcomings, but also argues for an alternative, rational model, to the conventional treatment of coherence as the product of sequencing rules that operate directly on speech act categories. My approach to the rational model is based on the fact that conversation is not an one-way phenomenon (from S to H) but an interaction process(from S to H/from H to S).
The Factor of Longitudinal Change in Adolescents’ Multicultural Acceptance
Jaeun Roh,Jin-Kee Ha 중앙대학교 문화콘텐츠기술연구원 2016 다문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.21
본고의 연구 목적은 다문화 사회에서 살아가며 성장과 발달을 경험하는 세대인 청소년의 다문화 수용성 변화 양상을 확인하고 다문화 수용성 수준 변화에 대한 영향요인을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국아동 · 청소년패널조사(Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey, KCYPS) 중 중1패널의 2-5차년도 데이터를 활용하여 잠재성장모형으로 분석하였다. 청소년의 다문화수용성은 선형변화하는 가운데, 다문화 수용성의 초기치와 변화율 모두 개인에 따라 다양한 값을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남자청소년에 비해 여자청소년이, 교사와의 관계가 긍정적일수록, 공동체 의식이 높을수록 다문화 수용성의 초기치는 높았고, 시간이 흐름에 따라 그 차이가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부(모) 최종학력이 높을수록, 친구와의 관계를 긍정적으로 인지할수록 다문화 수용성의 초기치가 높았으나 변화율에는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 셋째, 지역사회를 긍정적으로 인지할수록 다문화 수용성의 초기치는 오히려 낮은 수준을 보였다. 연구결과를 통해 향후 청소년 다문화 수용성 수준 변화를 위해 개입해야 할 변인을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 청소년 다문화 수용성 연구에서 보완되어야 할 방향을 제시하였다. This study identified the changes in the developmental trajectories of the multicultural acceptance of adolescents due to demographic (sex, parents’ education level), individual (peer relationships, relationships with teachers, community awareness, sense of community), and environmental (ratio of registered foreigners to adolescents) factors. Latent growth modeling was used to analyze the four-year (8<SUP>th</SUP>-11<SUP>th</SUP> grades) longitudinal data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), and it was found that the level of multicultural acceptance of adolescents increased over time. The following are the major results of the study: (1) sex, community awareness, and relationships with teachers had significant positive influences on the intercept of multicultural acceptance and a negative influence on the slope; (2) parents’ education level and peer relationships had positive influences only on the initial status of multicultural acceptance; and (3) sense of community had a negative influence only on the intercept of multicultural acceptance.