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Health care and the ‘Common Pool’ Federalism in Canada
Ivan Jankovic(Ivan Jankovic ) 한국캐나다학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.19 No.2
Canadian federal system is often praised as a ‘laboratory of change’ capable of producing gradually a high quality policy innovation. In the same time, the system is described as extremely decentralized. This paper challenges both claims by concentrating on the case study of health care policy which is usually taken as an ultimate success story of Canadian federalism. By using the model of ‘common pool’ federalism, the paper argues that Canadian system is characterized by a systematic mismatch between who makes the taxing and who makes the spending decisions, which leads to a paradoxical situation in which the new programs are relatively easy to ‘federalize’, whereas it is very difficult to scale them back or reform, once they are entrenched. Combination of spending decentralization and taxing centralization blurs the lines of accountability allowing both orders of government to profit from increased spending and protect-ing them from blame if the program fails to deliver. The case study of health care system provides the evidence for this theory.
Ivan D. Trofimov(Ivan D. Trofimov ),Ahmed Sharaan(Ahmed Sharaan ) 서울대학교 경제연구소 2022 Seoul journal of economics Vol.35 No.4
This study examines GDP per capita convergence by adjusting the official data by the size of the shadow economy and the transaction sector. The findings demonstrate the reduction of income per capita absolute distance from the relevant benchmarks and smaller income per capita dispersion in a global panel and sub-groups. The intra-distributional mobility of economies and the gamma convergence were absent. The stochastic convergence was observed in all specifications, both vis-à-vis the world average or the high-income economies. With regard to club convergence, the stability of the relative transition paths and the club composition were indicated (hence, little convergence across the clubs and more substantial convergence within the clubs).
Ivan Ivanšić ...et al KYUNGPOOK UNIVERSITY 2000 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.40 No.1
We develop a theory of P-shape for the class of compact Hausdorff spaces and for certain CW-complexes P. The complexes P which are allowed are those which, for each given weight α, admit a P-invertible map of a compact Hausdorff space of weight ≤ α and of extension dimension ≤ P onto the Tychonoff cube I^(α) . In particular it will be seen that classical shape theory comes from the case P = {pt}. Our concept is based on extension theory, and hence for any extension equivalent CW-complex P' , P-shape and P' -shape will be identical. Indeed, if the extension theories of P and P' are related so that P ≤ P' , then we shall obtain a relation between their shape functors, one factoring through the other.
Ivan V. Ivanov,Daria V. Lazurenko,Andreas Stark,Florian Pyczak,Alexander Thömmes,Ivan A. Bataev 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.1
This paper presents a comparison between the “classical” and the modified Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averabach methodsapplied to an analysis of the microstructure of -titanium. The microstructural parameters of cold-rolled titanium specimenswere retrieved from analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks. The high-quality XRD patterns were received at the P07beamline (The High Energy Materials Science) at the German electron synchrotron. The dependence of the crystallite size,the inhomogeneous microstrains, the average dislocation density, the dislocation cut-off radius and some other parameterson the plastic strain were estimated. The results clearly indicate that, due to the consideration of the dislocation contrasteffect, the modified models are a much better fit to the experimental data in comparison with the “classical” models. Theresults of hardness and corrosion resistance measurements of Ti samples can be explained based on the results obtainedfrom the XRD analysis.
Ivan Gahima,Eric Twizeyimana,Edson LuckGonzales,Chilly Gay Remonde,Se Jin Jeon,Chan Young Shin 대한약학회 2021 약학회지 Vol.65 No.1
Sepsis is an excessive and irregular host response against existing infection, wherein pathogen invasion is primarily responsible for the resulting damage. However, sepsis-related damage is substantially caused by excessive uncontrolled host response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in immune response based on the strain, age, and sex of mice by examining the survival rate and latency following immune challenge. The results showed that there was no significant difference between strains (ICR and C57BL6) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Adolescent male mice (8 weeks old) had a higher survival rate and longer latency to death compared to those of adult mice (13 weeks old) following LPS treatment. Moreover, the onset of death in adolescent mice occurred substantially later compared to that in adult mice. Females displayed longer latency to death and higher survival rates compared to their male counterparts following immune challenge. Thus, the differences in survival rate and latency between young and adult mice and between male and female might contribute to age- and sex-specific adaptive host immunity, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the age, sex and strain of animals in experimental models of sepsis and provide a rationale to evaluate susceptibility in specific designs of sepsis immunotherapy. The clinical relevance of this study awaits further studies.
Ivan Hadrián Tuf,Andrej Mock,Libor Dvořák 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Geophilomorph centipedes, due to their soil life style, are frequently transported with plants. This report tries to underline some adaptations that facilitate them being introduced and becoming alien species. Tygarrup javanicus (Attems, 1907), tropical species reported recently from different greenhouses in Central Europe, is used as an example of such a spreading species.
Quality of Life and Functional Independence in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee
( Ivan Luis Andrade Araujo ),( Martha Cavalcante Castro ),( Carla Daltro ),( Marcos Almeida Matos ) 대한슬관절학회 2016 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Purpose: To verify the association between functional independence (FI) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study composed of 93 patients with knee osteoarthritis was performed. Osteoarthritis was stratified according the classification of Ahlbach. For evaluation of the patient’s overall FI, the Barthel index was used. The patient’s QOL was measured by means of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60 years (range, 54.0 to 69.5 years) and only 32 patients (34.3%) were found to be independent. Dependent or independent individuals presented difference in all domains of the QOL including physical function (p=0.001), role-physical (p=0.005), bodily pain (p=0.001), general health (p=0.004), vitality (p=0.009), social function (p=0.010), role emotional (p=0.002) and mental health (p=0.001). Correlation between FI and QOL was different for all domains of the SF-36. Correlation with FI was strongest for physical function (r=0.609, p<0.001), followed by the domains of bodily pain (r=0.410, p<0.001) and mental health (r=0.402, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated a strong association of FI with QOL and positive correlations with all QOL domains, indicating the greater the FI is, the higher the QOL is.
Seismic performance of steel plate shear walls with variable column flexural stiffness
Ivan Curkovic,Davor Skejic,Ivica Dzeba 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.33 No.1
In the present study, the behavior of steel plate shear walls (SPSW) with variable column flexural stiffness is experimentally and numerically investigated. Altogether six one-bay one-story specimens, three moment resisting frames (MRFs) and three SPSWs, were designed, fabricated and tested. Column flexural stiffness of the first specimen pair (one MRF and one SPSW) corresponded to the value required by the design codes, while for the second and third pair it was reduced by 18% and 36%, respectively. The quasi-static cyclic test result indicate that SPSW with reduced column flexural stiffness have satisfactory performance up to 4% story drift ratio, allow development of the tension field over the entire infill panel, and cause negligible column "pull-in" deformation which indicates that prescribed minimal column flexural stiffness value, according to AISC 341-10, might be conservative. In addition, finite element (FE) pushover simulations using shell elements were developed. Such FE models can predict SPSW cyclic behavior reasonably well and can be used to conduct numerical parametric analyses. It should be mentioned that these FE models were not able to reproduce column "pull-in" deformation indicating the need for further development of FE simulations with cyclic load introduction which will be part of another paper.