Role of Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Common Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children

Iva Hojsak,Sanja Kolaček 대한소아소화기영양학회 2024 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.27 No.1

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Although recommendations for probiotic use should be strain-specific, many systematic reviews, including recommendations from different societies, recommend probiotic use in general, providing no relevant information for healthcare professionals regarding which probiotic to recommend for which clinical indication, at what dose, and for how long. This narrative review aimed to present the available evidence on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of common gastrointestinal diseases in children, considering the strain and dose used. Furthermore, this study summarizes the evidence on the possible side effects and quality of products containing probiotics.

The Impact of Social Media Adoption on Customer Orientation and SME Performance

Iva Nurdiana NURFARIDA,Endi SARWOKO,Mohammad ARIEF 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

This research aims to examine the effect of customer orientation on SME performance, and the role of adoption of social media on the relationship between customer orientation and SME performance. Using a quantitative research approach, data were obtained using a questionnaire by phone, email and paper survey. This study employs samples of 178 SME owners/managers in Indonesia, with convenience sampling techniques. Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) is used for analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that customer orientation was able to improve SME performance, and social media positively moderates the effect of customer orientation on SME performance. This shows that the influence of customer orientation on SME performance will be stronger with the utilization of social media because it helps businesses understand customer needs and wants, thereby creating value. This strengthens the concept of dynamic capability regarding the importance of the ability to adapt to environmental changes, particularly adaptation to developments in information technology. The findings of this study suggest the importance of SMEs adopting social media because it contributes to increasing the role of customer orientation in improving SME performance. Further research is needed to investigate the benefits obtained from using each social media channel on increasing customer orientation.

ALMOST EINSTEIN MANIFOLDS WITH CIRCULANT STRUCTURES

Iva Dokuzova 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회지 Vol.54 No.5

We consider a $3$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $M$ with a circulant metric $g$ and a circulant structure $q$ satisfying $q^{3}=\id$. The structure $q$ is compatible with $g$ such that an isometry is induced in any tangent space of $M$. We introduce three classes of such manifolds. Two of them are determined by special properties of the curvature tensor. The third class is composed by manifolds whose structure $q$ is parallel with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of $g$. We obtain some curvature properties of these manifolds $(M, g, q)$ and give some explicit examples of such manifolds.

Women and Law : From a Bonus Subject to an Alternative Subject

IVA Kasuma 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2012 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2012 No.1

Transparency of sustainability disclosures among luxury and mass-market fashion brands

Iva Jestratijevic,Nancy A. Rudd,James Uanhoro 한국마케팅과학회 2020 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.11 No.2

The study explores the transparency status of sustainability disclosures among luxury and mass-market fashion brands, examining the possibilities that the type of information disclosed is selectively prioritized, and higher differences in supply chain disclosure exist among differently positioned retail brands. Fashion Transparency Index 2017 represents the first comprehensive index that ranked 100 of the most affluent fashion brands according to the levels of corporate and supply chain transparency. To explore the index rawdata study employs non-parametric methods, the Hodges- Lehmann median differences and the Probability of Superiority. For 100 brands, the average corporate and supply chain transparency joint score was just 19.6% (out of 100%). The type of information disclosed was selectively prioritized, and there was an 80% chance that brands were scored higher in corporate than in supply chain transparency. A comparison of the mass-market (n = 27) and luxury (n = 13) sub-sample revealed higher transparency of supply chain disclosures among mass-market brands. Benchmarking the transparency of sustainability disclosures serves as a point of reference against which current and future disclosures may be assessed. Consumers may use these findings to question current transparency status and facilitate further industry change. Retailers might use identified critical areas to re-negotiate priorities for future disclosure.

Probiotics in Children: What Is the Evidence?

Iva Hojsak 대한소아소화기영양학회 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.3

The number of papers discussing probiotics increases tremendously that limits the possibility for primary care physi-cians and clinicians to stay updated. Therefore, the aim of this paper will be to summarize available evidence of probiotic use in well-defined clinical indications of importance for pediatricians. Based on currently available evidence certain probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG [LGG] and Saccharomyces boulardii) have proven effect in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis and prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea. Furthermore, LGG was proven to be effective in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea and respiratory tract infection in day care centers. In conclusion, not all probiotic strains have same efficacy for all clinical indications, therefore, only strains with proven efficacy and safety should be recommended.

Computed Tomography-Derived Myosteatosis and Metabolic Disorders

Iva Miljkovic,Chantal A. Vella,Matthew Allison 대한당뇨병학회 2021 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.45 No.4

The role of ectopic adipose tissue infiltration into skeletal muscle (i.e., myosteatosis) for metabolic disorders has received considerable and increasing attention in the last 10 years. The purpose of this review was to evaluate and summarize existing studies focusing on computed tomography (CT)-derived measures of myosteatosis and metabolic disorders. There is consistent evidence that CT-derived myosteatosis contributes to dysglycemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, and, to some extent, dyslipidemia, independent of general obesity, visceral fat, and other relevant risk factors, suggesting that it may serve as a tool for metabolic risk prediction. Identification of which muscles should be examined, and the standardized CT protocols to be employed, are necessary to enhance the applicability of findings from epidemiologic studies of myosteatosis. Additional and longer longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm a role of myosteatosis in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and examine these associations in a variety of muscles across multiple race/ethnic populations. Given the emerging role of myosteatosis in metabolic health, well-designed intervention studies are needed to investigate relevant lifestyle and pharmaceutical approaches.

Effect of Long-Term Intake of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Metabolic Health and Cognition in Adult Male Rats

Emmanuel Iva´n Morales-Rı´os,Jazmı´n Garcı´a-Machorro,Alfredo Briones-Aranda,Raquel Go´mez-Pliego,Judith Espinosa-Raya 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.11

This study evaluated the effects of long-term intake of nutritive sweeteners (NSs) and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on body weight, food and energy intake, blood pressure, metabolic parameters, and memory retention in rats. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10 per group): control (water),10% sucrose (SUC), aspartame (ASP), sucralose (SCA), stevia (STV), and 5% xylitol (XYL). Pure NSs (SUC and XYL) and NNSs were added to the drinking water for 18 weeks. ASP, SCA, and STV dosage was based on the estimated daily intake limit: 4.1, 2.0, and 3.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. Chronic access to NNSs did not result in any difference in total weight gain of the rats, while it was significantly elevated in the SUC group compared with the control and NNSs groups. Food intake was significantly lower in all NNSs groups compared with SUC and control groups. Sweetened beverage intake volumes were significantly diminished in all NNSs groups compared with intake in SUC and control groups. Total calories consumed were lower for the STV and XYL groups compared with all other groups. Blood pressure and glucose metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups. All sweeteners increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. Short-term memory was significantly impaired in the ASP group in the novel object recognition task, while long-term memory was impaired in SUC and STV groups. These metabolic and behavioral results suggest that the long-term intake of NSs or NNSs can be associated with peripheral and central effects.

Probiotics in Children: What Is the Evidence?

Hojsak, Iva The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.3

The number of papers discussing probiotics increases tremendously that limits the possibility for primary care physicians and clinicians to stay updated. Therefore, the aim of this paper will be to summarize available evidence of probiotic use in well-defined clinical indications of importance for pediatricians. Based on currently available evidence certain probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG [LGG] and Saccharomyces boulardii) have proven effect in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis and prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea. Furthermore, LGG was proven to be effective in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea and respiratory tract infection in day care centers. In conclusion, not all probiotic strains have same efficacy for all clinical indications, therefore, only strains with proven efficacy and safety should be recommended.

ALMOST EINSTEIN MANIFOLDS WITH CIRCULANT STRUCTURES

Dokuzova, Iva Korean Mathematical Society 2017 대한수학회지 Vol.54 No.5

We consider a 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold M with a circulant metric g and a circulant structure q satisfying $q^3=id$. The structure q is compatible with g such that an isometry is induced in any tangent space of M. We introduce three classes of such manifolds. Two of them are determined by special properties of the curvature tensor. The third class is composed by manifolds whose structure q is parallel with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of g. We obtain some curvature properties of these manifolds (M, g, q) and give some explicit examples of such manifolds.