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A Security Framework for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks against the Selfishness Problem
Ishaq, Zeba,Park, Seongjin,Yoo, Younghwan WILEY INTERSCIENCE 2018 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.2018 No.-
<P>Over the last few decades, Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks (CBWSNs) have played a crucial role in handling various challenges (load balancing, routing, network lifetime, etc.) of large scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, the security becomes a big problem for CBWSNs, especially when nodes in the cluster selfishly behave, e.g., not forwarding other nodes’ data, to save their limited resources. This may make the cluster obsolete, even destroying the network. Thus, a way to guarantee the secure and consistent clusters is needed for proper working of CBWSNs. We showed that the selfishness attack, i.e., passive attack or insider attack, in CBWSNs can cause severe performance disaster, when particularly a cluster head node becomes selfish. In order to prevent this situation, this paper proposes a security framework that involves a novel clustering technique as well as a reputation system at nodes for controlling selfishness, making them cooperative and honest. The novelty of the clustering comes from the existence of inspector node (IN) to monitor the cluster head (CH) and its special working style. The experimental results showed that the proposed security framework can control the selfishness and improve the security of the clusters.</P>
Cumulative Trade and Economic Growth in the East Asian Countries
M. ISHAQ NADIRI,손완표 한국경제학회 2004 The Korean Economic Review Vol.20 No.1
There have been many empirical researches to find out the role of trade on economic growth. However, no attempt has been made to unravel the role of cumulative trade on economic growth. It could be presumed that the beneficial effects of trade will accumulate to affect the operation of economies to the future. We used cumulative trade augmented time index in our cost function framework to test whether cumulative trade contributed to the economic growth of the East Asian countries. We found that cumulative trade enhanced technical progress and played an important role in the economic growth of the East Asian countries. Cumulative trade also contributed to the East Asian countries' catching up the superior technologies of developed countries.
Saira Ishaq,Habib Ahmad Rathore,Syed Mubashar Sabir,Muhammad Saeed Maroof 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.2
Elaeagnus umbellata is a plant that grows in the hilly areas of Pakistan. Free radical scavenging activities and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of hot water, methanol, n-hexane, and acetone extracts of E. umbellata berries were evaluated. Extracts showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced using the pro-oxidants iron (10 μM FeSO4) and sodium nitroprusside (5 μM) in brain and liver homogenates of mice. Extracts also showed metal chelating activities of IC50 (extract concentration that causes 50% scavenging)=40-43 μg/mL and DPPH radical scavenging activities of IC50=45.4- 49 μg/mL. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic, vanillic, coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and caffeic acids in berries. The fruit of E. umbellata is a potential source of antioxidants with therapeutic importance.
TUNING THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBE THIN FILMS BY N+ ION BEAMS IRRADIATION
AHMAD ISHAQ,LONG YAN,G. HUSNAIN,BO LU,MAHMOOD ARSHAD,ALAMGIR KHALID 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2011 NANO Vol.6 No.4
Measurements of optical transmission in the visible spectral range of N+ irradiated thin films of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at various doses prepared by a vacuum filtration method are reported. An increase in optical transmission was observed corresponding to increase in N+ ion doses. Changes in Raman spectra at different ions doses ranging from 5 × 1015 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2 indicate that the structure of graphene evolves from a highly ordered layer to a disordered domains. These structural changes result in a dramatic increase in the optical transmission. Additionally, the increase of optical transmission of irradiated MWCNTs thin film as a function of electrical conductivity at various doses is also discussed. The optical transmission increases in irradiated MWCNT thin films is found to be a function of defects density in MWCNTs.