세균독소로 자극시킨 사람 섬유아 세포에서의 Interleukin-6와 Interleukin-8의 생성

정인교,양동규,홍시영,이성근,김욱규,김광혁,김종렬 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1999 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.21 No.4

Cytokines are hormone-like proteins which mediate and regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the final differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing cells. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a neutrophil chemotactic factor that plays an important role in the recruitment of neutrophil to inflammatory loci. Inflammatory mediators by cells in the gingiva have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontitis and oral infection. The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) on production ofIL-6 and IL-8 by human gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts. Primary cultured human gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts were incubated with LPS(0.01, 0.1, 1.0㎍/ml), SEB (0.01, 0.1, 1.0㎍/ml) or LPS (0.1㎍/ml) plus SEB (0.1㎍/ml). Culture supernatants were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hrs and assessed for IL-6 and IL-8 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 production in gingival fibroblasts stimulated with LPS was higher than that with SEB. IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-6 production in facial demal fibroblasts was increased only by stimulation with a high concertration of LPS (1.0㎍/ml). Its production in facial dermal fibroblasts by exposure with SEB was decreased in comparison with control, nontreated cells. Therefore, gingival fibroblasts showed higher sensitivity than facial dermal fibroblasts in response to low concentration of LPS. Also, IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB.IL-6 production in facial dermal fibroblasts was increased only by stimulation with a high concentration of LPS(1.0㎍/ml). Its production in facial dermal fibroblasts by exposure with SEB was decreased in comparison with control, nontreated cells. Therefore, gingival fibroblasts showed higher sensitvity than facial dermal fibroblasts in response to low concentration of LPS. Also, IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-8 production in gingival fibroblasts was enhanced greatly only by stimulation of high concentration of LPS (1.0㎍/ml). That by exposure with SEB was increased only in 24 hrs cultivation. IL-8 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-8 production in facial dermal fibroblasts was decreased by LPS and increased only in 48 hrs cultivation by SEB. IL-8 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was enhanced only in 48 hrs cultivation in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. therefore, IL-6 and IL-8 production were released at various quantities according to bacterial toxin applied and site of fibroblast harvested. These results suggest that gingival fibroblasts may be concerned with IL-6 and IL-8 related inflammatory response more than facial dermal fibroblasts.

Shaphylococcus enterotoxin B와 lipopolysaccharide를 작용시킨 사람 섬유아 세포에서 생성된 Transforming Growth Factor-β₁의 정량적 분석

이성근,김광혁,김욱규,김종렬,정인교,양동규 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

TGF-β1 is a potent chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. It also stimulates the celluar source and components of extracellular matrix and the production of proteinase inhibitors. Collectively, these biologic activities lead to the accumulation and stabilization of the nascent matrix, which is vital to infection control. The objective of this study is to investigate production of TGF-β in vitro fibroblast culture in the presence of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B(SEB) and/or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and to elucidate the role of TGF-β1 which may be responsible for infection control. The fibroblasts were originated from gingiva and facial dermis in 26 year-old male patient. In the presence of LPS(0.01㎍, 0.1㎍, 1.0㎍), SEB(0.01㎍, 0.l㎍, 1.0㎍) respectively, cells(5×103ml) were cultivated in vitro. At 1, 3, and 5 days after incubation, cells were counted. Also, cells(2.5×105ml) were cultivated in EMEM with LPS(0.01, 0.1 and 1.0㎍), SEB(0.01, 0.1 and 1.0㎍) respectively and LPS(0.1㎍) and SEB (0.1㎍) in combination for 24,48, and 72 hours respectively. Culture supernatants were harvested at 1, 2, and 3 days after incubation period and triplicate culture supernatants were pooled and TGF-β1 was assayed in duplicate. The results were as follows. 1.In gingival fibroblast induced with SEB and LPS respectively or in combination, the suppression of cell Proliferation occurred very significantly since 3 days after incubation, compared with the control and the production of TGF-β1 occurred very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. 2.In facial dermal fibroblast induced with SEB and LPS respectively or in combination. the suppression of cell proliferation occurred very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. In SEB exposure, the production of TGF-β1 was decreased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. However, in LPS, SEB and LPS exposure, the production of TGF-β1 was increased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. In conclusion, the concentration of bacterial toxins and the incubation period correlated with cell proliferation and production of TGF-β1 very significantly. The gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts have different phenotype each other The orchestrated understanding of fibroblast proliferation and TGF-β1 production play an important part in host defense against the bacterial Infection and may prevent tissue necrosis such as necrotizing fasciitis and life-threatening syndrome such as multiple organ failure.

배양조건이 'Campbell Early' 포도의 기내 및 기외 생장에 미치는 영향

박재혁,손인창,김선규 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

배지내 당농도와 PPF 및 배양조건이 포도 Campbell Early의 기내생장과 순화 및 배지와 수분조건이 기외 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 포도의 기내배양시 배지 내 당농도를 30gL^-1로 하였을 때 신초의 길이와 엽면적이 증가하였고, 15gL^-1와 0gL^-1에서는 신초의 건물중에는 차이가 없었지만, 지하부의 생체중과 건물중은 감소하였다. PPF 100∼200㎛olm^-2s^-1에서 신초의 신장과 지상부의 생체중 및 건물중이 증가하였으며, 뿌리의 생체중과 건물중이 증가하는 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 기내에서 생육한 포도 식물체를 vermiculite, peatmoss, 그리고 perlite+ peatmoss (6:4)로 혼용한 배지에 이식했을 때, 순화 초기에는 신초와 뿌리의 발달이 peatmoss, perlite+ peatmoss 배지에서 증가하였으나, 순화 후기로 갈수록 peatmoss에 심겨진 식물체가 vermiculite와 perlite+ peatmoss(6:4)로 혼용한 배지의 식물체보다 지상부와 지하부의 생육이 저조하였다. perlite+ peatmoss 혼용배지의 식물체는 신초의 길이, 생체중, 그리고 엽수가 가장 많이 증가하였다. Photomixotrophic 조건이 Photomixotrophic이나 heterotrophic에 비해 유묘의 생장, 생체중, 건물중이 높았고, 지하부는 photoautotrophic에 비해 당을 포함한(3%) 처리구에서 생육이 좋았다. Photomixotrophic, photoautotrophic의 처리구에서 엽록소 a, b, a+b의 함량, 생존율, 그리고 생체중과 건물중이 증가하였다. 식물체의 이식 후 생육은 Photomixotrophic 생장한 식물체가 photoautotrophic과 heterotrophic 처리에서 생장한 식물체에 비해 좋았다. 순화 기간 내 식물체의 CO_2 uptake, 기공전도도, 증산율과 Fv/Fm는 증가하였다. Photomixotrophic와 photoautotrophic 처리구에서 생장한 식물체의 잎의 sucrose와 starch 함량이 순화 후 15일까지 증가하였고, 그 후 급격한 증가는 보이지 않고, 소폭으로 감소하거나 증가하였다. 순화를 거친 포도 식물체를 상토, 모래+상토의 배양토에 정식했을 때, FV/Fm은 건조 스트레스를 받는 식물체에서 재관수를 하기까지 일정하게 감소한 반면에 수분공급이 잘 된 처리구에서 Fv/Fm값은 일정하게 유지되었다. 상대수분함량(RWC)은 건조스트레스를 받은 잎에서 감소하였고 재관수 후 약간 회복되었다. 기공의 크기와 수는 건조스트레스를 받은 식물체의 잎이 그렇지 않는 처리에 비해 감소하였고 기공도 닫혀 있었으며, 재관수 실시 후 기공의 수와 크기가 증가하였다. 배지의 함수량은 일반 상토에 비해 상토에 모래를 혼합한 토양이 높았으며, 건조 스트레스를 가했을 경우 모래를 혼합한 상토의 식물체가 잎의 상대수분함량이 높게 나타내었다. Effect of sucrose concentration, PPF, and phototrophic condition on in vitro growth of 'Campbell Early' grape, and the response of in vitro-grown plantlets to various media and water stress was investigated. Shoot growth and leaf area increased in media supplemented with 30gL^-1 sucrose, while fresh and dry weight of root decreased in media with 0 or 15gL^-1 sucrose. Shoot dry weight was not affected by sucrose concentration. PPF of 100 to 200㎛olm^-2s^-1 increased the shoot length and shoot fresh and dry weight, while root fresh and dry weight tended to increase without significant difference. When in vitro-grown plantlets were transplanted to various media, peatmoss and perlite+peatmoss favored the growth early stage of acclimation (to 12days after transplanting), but the growth of plants planted on vermiculite and perlite+peatmoss surpassed that of peatmoss in later stage of acclimation(from 13 to 30 days after transplanting). The highest shoot growth and plant fresh weight, and leaf number were achieved with perlite+peatmoss medium. Plant growth and plant fresh and dry weight were better in photomixotrophic condition than photoautotrophic or heterotrophic condition, while root growth was favored with heterotrophic or photomixotrophic condition. CO_2enrichment increased the chlorophyⅡ content (a, b, a+b), survival rate, and fresh and Dry weight. Ex vitro growth of photomixotrophically grown plantlets was much better than grown under photoautotrophic or heterotrophic condition. CO_2 uptake, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) of plants grown under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic condition were increased during acclimation. Leaf sucrose and starch content of plants grown under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic condition showed a gradual increase till 15 days of acclimation, then slightly fluctuated with the new leafing. When grape plantlets were planted on new soil after acclimation, the Fv/Fm ratio of water stressed-plantlets showed a gradual decrease till rewatering, while that of well-watered plantlets was constant. Relative water content(RWC) was decreased in water stressed plantlets, and was slowly recovered by rewatering. The size and number of stomata were decreased, and the stomata were closed in water stressed plantlets, and the size and number of stomata were recovered slowly with rewatering. Water content was higher in commercial soil mix+sand than commercial soil mix alone, and leaf RWC was also high in commercial soil mix+sand when water stressed.

생활체육 풋살 동호회 참여자의 진지한 여가 참여 과정에 대한 내러티브 연구

정석인 ( Jeong Seok-in ),최대혁 ( Choi Dai-hyuk ),안현균 ( Ahn Hyun-kyun ) 한국체육학회 2020 한국체육학회지 Vol.59 No.2

본 연구는 생활체육 풋살 동호회에 최소 4년 이상 참여하고 있으며 해당 종목에 보다 진지하고 개방적인 의사소통이 가능한 5명의 연구 참여자를 대상으로 진지한 여가 참여로 인해 발생하는 경험 및 과정을 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 생활체육 시작 동기, 풋살 동호회 전향 배경, 풋살 동호회에 진지하게 빠지게 되는 과정, 진지한 여가에 빠져들었을 때 개인에게 미치는 영향에 대하여 탐색하였다. 연구에 사용된 자료 분석 및 해석방법은 내러티브 탐구 절차로 이루어졌으며 자료의 분석 과정은 텍스트를 반복하여 읽어가며 참여자들의 진지한 여가 참여 경험을 총체적으로 이해함으로서 이야기를 구성하였다. 내러티브 자료를 면밀히 검토하면서 풋살 동호인들의 진지한 여가참여 입문 및 과정과 함께 그로인한 영향으로 보이는 특징들을 추출하였고, 이에 대한 의미를 크게 진지한 여가참여로의 입문기, 성숙기, 변환기로 나누어 구체적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 생활체육 풋살 동호회에 참여하고 있는 동호인이 어떠한 사유로 여가생활로서 생활체육동호회를 접하게 됐는지, 진지한 여가로서 풋살에 빠지는 이유는 무엇인지, 그로인한 영향에는 무엇이 있는지 알 수 있었다. 다양한 종목에 참여하고 있는 현대인들을 대상으로 진지한 여가참여과정에 대한 연구를 통해 현대인들의 긍정적인 여가선도를 이끌어낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study is a narrative study on the serious leisure participation process of participants in the Fut sal Society of Living Sports, which tells of their experiences in the process of serious leisure participation. In the process, We explored the motive for starting a life sport, the background of turning a fut sal club, the process of getting serious with a fut sal club, the obstruction of leisure activities participation, and how it affects individuals when they are into leisure seriously. Five study participants were selected who have at least three years of experience in the fut sal club to form sufficient intolerance and who could communicate more seriously and openly in foot sal based on their experience conducted in-depth interviews. The data analysis and interpretation methods used in the study consisted of narratives with reading the text over and over again and understanding generally the participants serious leisure participation experiences. The analysis process of the material was analyzed in detail by dividing the meaning of the material into the introductory period, maturity period, resolution period of the serious leisure participation. Through this study, we could find out why a person participating in a live sports fut sal club started a life sports club as a leisure, why he fell into foot sal as a serious leisure, and what the impact was. in future follow-up studies, studies with various methods should be conducted so that many foot sal lovers can enjoy it as a more healthy, positive and serious leisure.

한국인 턱끝구멍의 형태

김희진,이승일,정인혁 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.1

Factors Associated with Indeterminate and False Negative Results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in Active Tuberculosis

( Ki Won Cho ),( Eun Ha Cho ),( Soo Hoon Kwon ),( Sang Hyuk Im ),( In Sohn ),( Sook Hee Song ),( Hyeok Kim ),( Su Hyun Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

Factors Associated with Indeterminate and False Negative Results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in Active Tuberculosis

Cho, Ki-Won,Cho, Eun-Ha,Kwon, Soo-Hoon,Im, Sang-Hyuk,Sohn, In,Song, Sook-Hee,Kim, Hye-Ok,Kim, Su-Hyun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

통합 STEM 교육에 대한 중등 교사의 인식과 요구

이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ),손동일 ( Dong Il Son ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),한인기 ( In Ki Han ),정현일 ( Hyun Il Jung ),이성수 ( Seong Soo Lee ),오희진 ( Hee Jin Oh ),남정철 ( Jung Chul Nam ),오영재 ( Young 한국과학교육학회 2012 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Educational communities around the world have concentrated on integrative efforts among science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: STEM) subjects. Korea has focused on integrative education among STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) school subjects to raise talented human resources in the fields of science and technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze secondary school science, technology, and mathematics teacher`s perceptions and needs toward integrated education and integrative STEM education. A total of 251 secondary school teachers from all areas of the country who have taught science, mathematics, and technology were surveyed by using a self-reported instrument. The findings were as follows: First, teachers have used little integrated education in their classes due to insufficient time in the actual preparation of the integrated education and the lack of expertise, teaching experience, and teaching learning materials for the integrated education, while they have positive thoughts about the need of integrated education. Second, they presented several needs to facilitate the integrated education: development of a variety of integrated programs, school administrative and financial support, and in-service teachers` training. Third, overall perception toward integrated STEM education was not sufficient, but most teachers perceived the need toward integrated STEM education due to students` development in their creativity, thinking skills, and adaptability. Fourth, they perceived that it was imperative to develop the various integrated STEM education programs, distribute the materials, and help STEM teachers` understanding toward integrated STEM education. Fifth, they perceived that the most relevant method to integrate STEM subjects was the problem solving approach. In addition, they appreciate that the integrated STEM education is highly efficient in not only developing integrated problem solving skills and STEM related literacy, but also in positively impacting the rise of talented human resources in the fields of science and technology. In order to increase the awareness of STEM-related secondary school teachers and vitalize the integrated STEM education, it is necessary to develop and spread a variety of programs, effective teaching and learning materials, and teachers` training programs.

Hardware-in-the-loop 시뮬레이션을 이용한 차량의 종방향 제어기 설계 및 검증

송봉섭(Bongsob Song),백운혁(Woon-Hyuk Baek),신영호(Young-Ho Shin),송호인(Ho-In Song) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, design and validation procedures for a longitudinal controller via hardware-in-the-loop simulation are presented. As new technologies related with ECU and in-vehicle network have been developed, the corresponding longitudinal controller for velocity control of the vehicle needs to be modified and validated experimentally. Since much development cost and effort during the design and validation process are in general required, a relatively quick and efficient design and validation method via hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) is proposed in the paper. Finally speed controller based on Dynamic Surface Control is designed and its performance results are validated via HILS.

제 5급와동에서 광중합 그래스 아이오노머 수복물의 미세변연누출에 관한 연구

조인식,박준일,권혁춘 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of light cured glass ionomer restorative materials in class 5 cavities. In this in vitro study, class 5 cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of forty extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. These specimen were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each : Group 1 was Fugi Ⅱ (control), Group 2 was Fugi Ⅱ LC, Group 3 was Vitremer, and Group 4 was Dyract. Group 2 was also divided once more into 2 groups of 5 each : Group 2-1 was pretreated with dentin conditioner and Group 2-2 was not. All teeth were restored according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 500 thermocycling between 5℃ and 55℃, the 40 teeth were placed in 2% Methylene blue dye for 24hr, then rinsed with tab water. The spcimen were embedded in clear resin, then sectioned buccolingually through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were then observed with a stereomicroscope at 20. The results of the study were statistically analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls Methods and the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. Tooth restorative interfaces were evaluated using SEM analysis. Results were as follows, 1. Compared to conventional glass ionomer restorations, all light cured glass ionomer restorations were fairly resistant to microleakage (P<0.05). 2. Group 3 (Vitremer) and Group 4 (Dyract) were found to be the most resistant, Group 2(Fugi Ⅱ LC) fairly resistant, and Group 1 (Fugi Ⅱ) least resistant to microleakage(P<0.05). 3. No significant differenced were found between Group 2-1 and Group 2-2 (P>0.08). 4. With the backscattered SEM analysis, the degrees to which tight bonding occurred were also observed in all the groups except for Group 1. Group 4 showed the highest degree of tight bonding than any other materials used in this study.