Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

Uncoupling Protein 3의 골격근 세포내 과발현이 OLETF 백서 및 배양된 골격근 세포에서 포도당대사에 미치는 영향

한정희,박혜선,고정민,김하영,강호경,이인규,박중열,홍성관,이재담,이기업 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:Uncoupling protein(UCP)는 미토콘드리아의 내막에 위치하는 단백질로 세포내의 과다한 에너지를 열로 발산시키는 기능을 가진다. 최근 동물의 갈색지방조직에만 존재하는 UCP와 유사성을 가진 아형들(UCP2,3)이 사람에게도 존재함이 알려져 큰 관심을 끌도 있는데 이중 UCP3는 그 발현이 골격근세포와 갈색지방조직에만 국한된다. 본 연구에서는 UCP3가 체내 인슐린 감수성을 결정하는데 가장 중요한 조직인 골격근에 국한되어 발현되는 점에 착안하여 UCP3를 골격근세포에 과발현시켰을 때 포도당 대사에 어떠한 영향이 나타나는 지를 조사하였다. 방법:25주령의 8마리의 OLETF 백서를 대상으로 하여 4마리는 골격근에 adenovirus 2mL(1×10¹²pfu/mL)를 주사하여 대조군으로 하였고 4마리는 골격근에 재조합법으로 제작된 adenovirus­UCP3 2mL(1×10¹²pfu/mL)를 주사하였다(UCP3 과발현군). UCP3를 투여한 백서에서 먹이섭취가 증가하는 경향이 있어 그 전날 대조군이 먹은 야의 먹이만큼 투여하였다. 골격근에 adenovirus를 주사한 10일 후에 euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp를 시행하였다. Adenovirus­UCP를 C2C12 골격근 세포에 transfection시켜 UCP3를 C2C12 골격근 세포에 transfection시켜 UPS3­C2C12를 만들고 C2C12 골격근 세포와 UPS3­C2C12 골격근 세포에서 포도당 수송 및 당원합성을 측정하였다. 결과:UCP3 과발현 OLETF에서 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였고 인슐린 감수성이 증가하였다. C2C12세포에서 기저상태 포도당 수송은 1.28±0.17μmol/L/min였고 100nM 인슐린으로 2시간 처리한 후 2.67±0.20 μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12 세포에서는 기저상태 포도당 수송이 3.98±0.13μmol/L/min로 증가되었고 인슐린 처리 후 5.74±0.44μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. 인슐린을 처리한 UCP3­C2C12 세포에 P13K 억제제인 wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 포도당 수송활성이 3.81±0.20μmol/L/min로 감소하였다. 기저상태 당원합성은 C2C12 세포에서 0.25±0.01μmol/L/min였고 인슐린 처리 후 0.45±0.01μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12 세포에서는 기저상태 당원합성이 0.62±0.01μmol/L/min였고 인슐린 처리 후 1.26±454μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12세포에 wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 당원합성율이 0.80±0.04μmol/L/min로 감소하였다. 결론:UCP3 과발현이 OLETF 백서에서 인슐린 감수성을 증가시켰고 골격근세포에서 포도당 수송 및 당원합성을 증가시켰다. wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 포도당 수송 및 당원합성이 감소함으로 보아 이 과정이 인슐린 신호전달체계인 P13K에 일부 의존함을 알 수 있었다. Background : UC P3 is a mitochondrial membrane protein expressed selectively in the skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. Since the skeletal muscle is the main organ determining insulin sensitivity in the body, it was hypothesized that UCP3 overexpression in skeletal muscle cells would improve glucose metabolism. Methods : An adenovirus-UCP3 was produced by a recombinant DNA method. OLETF rats were divided into 2 groups. Four rats were injected with the adenovirus-UCP3 (UCP3 group) and others were injected with the adenovirus(control group) in the skeletal muscle. The UCP3 group was provided with the same quantity of food as that consumed by the control group on the previous day. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method. In a separate experiment, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis we evaluated in C2C212 cells transfected with ether an adenovirus or the adenovirus-UCP3. Results : The insulin sensitivity improved significantly and the body weight decreased in the UCP3 group. The glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were higher in the UCP3-C2C12 skeletal muscle cells at the basal state. After insulin treatment, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were also higher in the UCP3-C2C12 cells but the increments were reduced after treatment with wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Conclusion : Insulin sensitivity was higher in the UCP3-overexpressed OLETF rats in the in vivo study. UCP3 transfection also increased glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in the cultured skeletal muscle cells by a PI3K dependent mechanism(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25 :460~468, 2001).

Glucotoxicity in the INS-1 Rat Insulinoma Cell Line Is Mediated by the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner

Park, Keun-Gyu,Lee, Kyeong-Min,Seo, Hye-Young,Suh, Ji-Ho,Kim, Hye-Soon,Wang, Li,Won, Kyu-Chang,Lee, Hyoung-Woo,Park, Joong-Yeol,Lee, Ki-Up,Kim, Jung-Guk,Kim, Bo-Wan,Choi, Hueng-Sik,Lee, In-Kyu American Diabetes Association 2007 Diabetes Vol.56 No.2

<P>Prolonged elevations of glucose concentration have deleterious effects on beta-cell function. One of the hallmarks of such glucotoxicity is a reduction in insulin gene expression, resulting from decreased insulin promoter activity. Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that inhibits nuclear receptor signaling in diverse metabolic pathways. In this study, we found that sustained culture of INS-1 cells at high glucose concentrations leads to an increase in SHP mRNA expression, followed by a decrease in insulin gene expression. Inhibition of endogenous SHP gene expression by small interfering RNA partially restored high-glucose-induced suppression of the insulin gene. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SHP in INS-1 cells impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as insulin gene expression. SHP downregulates insulin gene expression via two mechanisms: by downregulating PDX-1 and MafA gene expression and by inhibiting p300-mediated pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1-and BETA2-dependent transcriptional activity from the insulin promoter. Finally, the pancreatic islets of diabetic OLETF rats express SHP mRNA at higher levels than the islets from LETO rats. These results collectively suggest that SHP plays an important role in the development of beta-cell dysfunction induced by glucotoxicity.</P>

다양한 진로모색을 위한 치위생학과 학생과 선배 치과위생사의 심층면담

경혜인 ( Hye In Kyung ),김영우 ( Young Woo Kim ),엄제현 ( Jae Hyun Eom ),이지희 ( Ji Hui Lee ),조은정 ( Eun Jung Cho ),박고은 ( Go Eun Park ),김남희 ( Nam Hee Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2015 치위생과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The aim of this study was to provide practical information regarding career exploration to dental hygiene students. This study interviewed 15 senior dental hygienists (graduates of Y University Dental Hygiene program) who have worked in non-clinical fields for about three months from January 14, 2014 to April 28. The most frequently mentioned pieces of information that the senior dental hygienists wanted to convey to dental hygiene students were as followed. Contrary to popular belief, clinical experience was also required in non-clinical fields as the importance of clinical experience was quite often and widely emphasized and applied in such fields. High academic excellence and clinical performance were expected of junior dental hygienists and the senior dental hygienists expressed their hope for their juniors to pioneer new fields and areas of work that a dental hygienist can do. Most of the senior dental hygienists pointed out that to develop technical tools for career exploration as early as possible, such as during undergraduate years and to think about which career path to take, whether it is clinical or academic were significantly important factors for desirable career outcomes. Based on the results of this study, undergraduate dental hygiene students should be provided with opportunities to consider and explore various career paths during their undergraduate years and to communicate with their seniors for hands-on experience-based advices. This would in turn broaden each student`s perspective beyond their knowledge or thought about the professional filed of dental hygiene. It was found that the majority of the senior dental hygienists agreed that their clinical experience was the source of their self-competence as a dental hygienist. Our study could be utilized as a valuable resource for future dental hygienists who wish to work in non-clinical fields.

종합병원 간호사의 밤번 근무에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

박혜자,유인영,이영미,정문희 한국보건통계학회 2003 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study is conducted to find influencing factors on unrse's night shift works. From 20th July to 20th August, the survey was performed in a general hospital located at Kyunggi-do area, by the use of questionnaire. Collected 204 data were analysed through SPSS/Win 11.0. Results are as follows: 1. It was shown that night shifting word periods in special ward is longer than that in general ward. Exactly, shifting periods of night nurse work is 28.7days, 16.7days in special and general ward, individually. But numbers of night nurse worker are 3.4 and 2.48 persons in special and general ward, individually. And there were more patients in general wards than that in special ward. Namely, 54.3 patients in general ward and 19.3 patients in special ward. And off duty days and overtime on average in general ward were more much than that in special ward. The preference about night nurse works, the general ward was higher than that in general wards. In case of avoiding the night nurse work, the reasons that were mental stress. excess of duty, the burdens on work by oneself in general wards were shown much more frequency than that in special ward. 2. Physical-mental, social conditon of nurse worker's health in special wards were better than that in general wards. The stress level of nurse workers in general ward was higher than that in special ward. The factors of the influence on the preference on social-mental conditions of health were number of off duty days on average per month, number of night nurse working, and income of all family. Therefore, theses results were shown that the stress of nurses in general ward was much more than that in special ward. And the preference on night nurse work in general ward was lower than that in special ward. Accordingly, It was shown that the policy for support were need. The nurse administrator have to prepare complementary systems in organized level, to develop the positive recognition about night nurse work. For example have to reduce the dissatisfaction with systematic improvement, in other words control of off duty bonus, reasonable overtime and night nurse work bonus, and night working periods, and with control nursing human power and policy for reduction of overstres according working conditions and characters of business in various types of ward.

일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

절제된 정상위벽의 자기공명영상기법에 관한 연구:조직소견과의 비교

서보경,설혜영,이남준,차인호,정규병,김정혁,박철민,이지영,Seo, Bo-Gyeong,Seol, Hye-Yeong,Lee, Nam-Jun,Cha, In-Ho,Jeong, Gyu-Byeong,Kim, Jeong-Hyeok,Park, Cheol-Min,Lee, Ji-Yeong 대한영상의학회 2001 대한영상의학회지 Vol.45 No.5

목적:급속자기공명영상기법을 이용하여 절제된 정상위벽을 관찰하고,이를 조직소견과 비교 연구하여,위벽의 관찰을 위한 최적기법을 찾고자 하였다. 대상과 방법:25명 환자의 모두 41개 절제된 정상위조직을 수술후 수지(polyethylene)통에 넣고,생리식염수로 채워 자기공명영상을 시행하였다.T1강조FLASH,지방억제T1강조FLASH, T2강조TSE와 True-FISP 등 4가지 기법으로 위조직의 영상을 얻었다.자기공명영상에서는 위벽의 층수와 각층의 신호강도를 관찰하였고,이를 조직소견과 비교하였다.자기공명영상소견을 조직소견과 비교한 후 위벽 각층의 명확성과 각층간의 구분,및 전체 영상의 질에 대하여 비교하였다.4가지 기법 중 가장 좋은 방법은 3,가장 나쁜 방법은 0으로 하여 등급을 판정하였다. 결과:자기공명영상에서 위벽의 층수는 T1강조FLASH에서 2층이 41예 중 6예(14.6%),3층 31예(75.6%),및 4층 4예(9.8%)였고,지방억제T1강조FLASH에서 2층 6예(14.6%)와 3층 35예(85.4%),T2강조TSE에서 3층 24예(58.5%),4층 11예(26.8%),및 5층 6예(14.6%)였으며,True-FISP에서 1층 2예(4.9%),2층 8예(19.5%),3층 23예(56.0%),4층은 4예(9.8%), 및 5층 4예(9.8%)이었다.위벽의 신호강도는 T1강조FLASH와 지방억제T1강조FLASH에서 2층으로 보인 예는 위내강으로부터 고-중등도,3층인 경우는 고-저-고/중등도,4층인 예는 고-저-고-중등도신호강도였다.T2강조TSE에서는 3층으로 보인 예는 등도/고-저-중등도,4 층인 경우는 중등도-저-고-중등도/저,5층인 예는 저-고-저-고-저신호강도였다.자기공명 영상소견을 조직소견과 비교하였을 때 위벽이 3층으로 보인 경우 이것은 “점막층-점막하층-근층 ”에 해당하였다.관찰한 3가지 면 모두에서 T1강조FLASH,지방억제T1강조FLASH,T2강조TSE 기법이 True-FISP보다 통계적으로 유의하게 우수하였다(p=0.001).점막층의 명확성에 있어서 가장 우수한 기법은 T1강조FLASH와 지방억제T1강조FLASH이었고(p<0.05),점막하층의 명확성과 점막하층과 근층간의 구분은 T2강조TSE가 가장 우수하였다(p<0.05).전체적인 영상의 질은 T1강조FLASH와 T2강조TSE에서 가장 우수하였다(p<0.05). 결론:자기공명영상은 위벽의 각 층을 구별할 수 있는 우수한 검사로 조직소견과 높은 연관성을 보이며,전체 영상의 질,점막하층의 명확성 및 점막하층과 근층간의 구분이 T2강조TSE에서 가장 우수한다. Purpose: To evaluate normal human gastric wall layers in vitro using magnetic resonance*(MR) imaging, to correlate the results with the histologic findings, and to determine the optimal technique for evaluation of the gastric wall. Materials and Methods: Forty-one normal resected gastric specimens obtained from 25 patients were dissected and placed in a polyethylene tube filled with normal saline. MR imaging with four MR sequences, T1-weighted FLASH*(T1FLASH), fat-saturated T1-weighted FLASH, T2-weighted TSE*(T2TSE), and True-FISP, was performed. The number of gastric wall layers and signal intensity of each layer were determined, and after correlating MR images with the histologic findings, the conspicuity of each layer*(mucosa, submucosa, and muscle), the distinction between each layer, and overall image quality were assessed. results: The gastric wall was shown by TIFLASH to have two (n=6, 14-6%), three (n=31, 75.6%) and four layers (n=4, 9.8%); by fat-saturated TIFLASH to have two (n=6, 14.6%) and three (n=35, 85.4%) ; by T2TSE to have three (n=24, 58.5%), four (n=11, 26.8%), and five (n=6, 14.6%); and by True-FISP to have one (n=2, 4.9%), two (n=8, 19.5%), three (n=23, 56%), four (n=4, 9.8%), and five (n=4, 9.8%) . The signal intensity of each layer at T1FLASH and fat-saturated T1FLASH was high-intermediate from the lumen in two-layer cases, high-low-high/intermediate in three-layer cases, and high-low-high-intermediate in four-layer cases. The signal intensity of each layer at T2TSE was intermediate/high-low-intermediate in three-layer cases, intermediatelow-high-intermediate/low in four-layer cases, and low-high-low-high-low in five-layer cases. Three-layered gastric wall corresponded mostly to mucosa, submucosa, and muscle from the inner to outer layers, respectively. T1FLASH, fat-saturated T1FLASH, and T2TSE were superior to True-FISP in evaluating the gastric wall. T1FLASH and fat-saturated T1FLASH were the best sequences for demonstrating mucosa (p<0.05), and T2TSE was the best for submucosa and the distinction between this and muscle (p<0.05). Both T1FLASH and T2TSE provided the best overall image quality (p<0.05). Conclusion: In-vitro MR imaging is an excellent technique for the evaluation of layers of normal gastric wall. T2TSE is the sequence which best demonstrates the conspicuity of submucosa, the distinction between submucosa and muscle, and overall image quality.

中年期 家族의 老父母 扶養行動및 老後準備에 관한 硏究 : Focused on the Middle Aged parents

徐典,朴惠仁 啓明大學校生活科學硏究所 1992 科學論集 Vol.18 No.-

Focused on the middle aged peoples this study was designed to investigate how much degree they are preparing for their declining years and to look into their supporting behaviors to their parents or parents-in-law. The results of this study are as follows; The scores of their supporting behaviors on their parents(or parents-in law) by male were higher than by female. The scores was lower by people who earn less than eighty thousands won than people who earn more. It is very hard for people who earn less than eighty thousands won a month to support their parents(or parnets-in-law) due to their economic situation even if they wish to do so. The scores of supporting behavior was higher by people living together than people living asunder. The older the age getting, the higher the score of supporting behavior and the higher the academic background the higher the score on supporting behavior. Male was much positive than female in preparing the declining ages in case of living together, and there was a little difference in preparing the declining ages. The co-relationship between the supporting behavior and the preparation for the declining years disclosured that the economic supporting behavior and the physical, emotional and economic preparation were related each other, especially to the economic preparation. And the matter of living together is an important variable in the real supporting behavior on their parents(or parents-in-law) and, especially, the serviceable supporting behavior was much higher by people living together than peolple living asunder. The means that the departed children's concerns on supporting their parents(or parents-in-law) can't be compared with the children's who live together with their parents. We, therefore, should notice the point that the low economic situation of families cause the low score on the supporting behavior and their preparing for the declining ages is not enough, in that family's supporting behavior on parents in the middle age and the preparation for the declining ages are strongly affected by family's income.

中年期 旣婚女性의 스트레스와 對處方式

申淑卿,朴惠仁 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1993 科學論集 Vol.19 No.-

This study aims at providing basic material for helping in understanding and seeking adaptation methods of the stress in middle-aged married women go through by finding out the extent of their stress and its coping methods. The sample was selected among married women, aged 40 to 59, with their last child older than the elementary school age and living in Seoul and Taegu. The main results are as follows. 1. The level of stress middle-aged married women experienced was distributed on the medium range of stress. And in terms of the point distribution, stress level appeared a little bit higher than on the average point. 2. Socio-economic status and regions had a major influence on the stress. Women with higher socio-economic status went through more stress in husbands and children than did women with lower socio-economic status. Women living in Seoul experienced more stress in husbands and husbands' families than did women in Taegu. 3. Middle-aged married women showed little difference in stress coping methods in the four areas. 4. Social and economic status and education had a major effect on the methods of coping stress. Women with higher socio-economic status and education practiced the method of problem-focused coping while women with lower socio-economic status and education practiced such passive methods as emotion-relieving methods and wishful thinking methods. 5. In view of the stress extent of middle-aged women, they showed significant difference only in the problem-focused coping. Compared to women in middle group, women in lower and higher groups practiced problem-focused coping. Besides, the more stress they got from their husbands, the more wishful thinking they tended to practice.