狗耕田譚의 民俗學的 硏究

崔仁鶴 관동대학교 1976 關大論文集 Vol.4 No.1

1. Approach to Study in Folklore Study of folktales has been made by many other scholars since Grimm brothers had begun. The study of folktales has been processed in situation of literature, socio-psychology, anthropology, ethnology. It has been processed also in Korea, Japan, and China since early 20th centuries. In China folktales have been classified by W. Eberhard. In Japan folkloristic study of the folktales had been attempted by K.Yanagida and thereafter they were arranged and classified by K.Seki and H.Ikeda. In Korea Jin-Tae Son had attempted to begin its study since 1930's, but it was merely in the stage of enlightenment in view point of history of the study. However since 1950 the study of folktales has been made mainly by scholars of national language and Iiterature. It came to realize that the folktale, as A.Aarne and K. Klohn insisted, has its individual history and channel of transmission. Therefore, it is consented that folktale should be studied its essence by itself than it deals with other fields. Among Korean folktale there is a story which a dog plows a fileld. Similar stories can be found in China and Japan. Then, in what background of folklore and of times did this story originate? And how was it transmitted down? 2. Summary of the Story and its Problems There were two brothers, and younger brother went to visit his mother's grave. He found a dog by the grave and took it home and raised it. The dog plowed a field for him. He became rich because of its help. The elder brother borrowed the dog but the dog did not plow a field and was killed by him. The younger brother buried its body, and then a tree grew up from the grave. It grew up high enough to pierce the storeroom of the heaven. Thus the younger brother became very rich because of the treasure from the storeroom of the heaven. The elder brother moved the tree to his house. Then, the tree pierced the toilet of the heaven so that all of the feculence came down and filled up his house. So he became very poor. Such contents of folktales, although there are a little differences in expression, have been transmitted also in China and Japan. China: No.30 Der Hund pfeugt das Feld. Type chinesischer Volksmarchen. 1937.FFC 120. by W.Eberhard. Japan: No.503 E.F. Kamotori-jiji and Hanasaka-jiji. A Type and Motif Index of Japanese Folk-Literature. 1971. FFC 209. by H. Ikeda. Korea: No.458 Two Brothers and A Dog. A Type Index of Korean folktales. 1975, Tokyo. by In-Hak choi. This folktale is to described an internal conflict of human being. Through the birth of supernatural dog it brings the good good fortune, while the bad punishment. The content of this folktale is very instructive. However, why the dog should appear in the folktale is the most important view of all. In order to solve this problem, first of all, it is necessary to study the nature and folklore of the dog. 3. The Nature and Folklore of the Dog According to the Hasting's dictionary, the dog has a complicated relationship with human being. It is used, for example, for a game, a hunting, a war, an ancestor, a spiritual being, a messenger of god, a beast of burden, a magic etc. Frazer indicated that the dog was used as a spirit of grains. Among the folktales in China and Korea the dog often appears when man becomes a dog after death. The dog is concerned as a spiritual animal in China and Japan, on the other hand they sometimes are apt to consider a dog as an object of enmity or hatred. In Korea it is known as a messenger which leads the soul to the other world whin man dies, and as an animal which brings good fortune. On the other hand, the dog is used for food because if one eat meat of a dog, he can stand well intense heat in summer. In some place of Japan pregnant women worship a dog in order to have a easy childbirth since a dog is usually easy to have a pup. In the old days of Korea and Japan, judging from a dog's barking, they used to tell the rise and fall of a nation or death of a great man. 4. Analyses of the Content and Conclusion In this folktale there are three important motives: an appearance of a dog, a miracle of a dog, and other miracles after its death. There are many variations in the third motif since it can be changed by story-tellers in their own way and even some of them became comic tales. In the part of an appearance of a dog 1) gift of god of king of dragon kingdom (china, Japan), 2) floating down along the stream(Japan), 3) coming out from the grave (China, Korea), 4) raising up (China, Korea, Japan), there are four forms. 1) and 2) belong to the same genre, which has a background of the concept-dog is a messenger of a god. 3)belongs to the concept of Jeonsaeng (轉生) (man is born again to other person or an animal after death). 4) is the latest form of all and a part of the appearance of superrealistic dog seems to be missed. Next, a miracle of a dog 1) plows a field(China, Korea), 2) brings an abundant harvest from hunting(Japan), 3) gets treasure (China, Japan, Korea), 4) transforms into human(China, Korea), can be devided into four forms. 1) It is in doubt that the dog really plowed a field, however, it is clear that a dog was associated with farming. They believe it was a dog that brought man grains at first time in China. 2) Considering a role of a dog in the age of hunting, it is a likely source. 3) belongs to the concept which a dog brings a good fortune. 4) belongs to the concept of Jeonsaeng(轉生). This folktale has not widely been distributed in Korea as much as in China. Korea imported a farming culture from China. with this respect, I believe that this folktale might be originated from China, consequently, it has been transmitted to Korea.

제5장 기업집단의 피라미드 소유지배구조와 경영성과의 관계

황인학(In hak Hwang) 한국경제연구원 2005 한국경제연구원 시리즈자료 Vol.- No.6

이 논문은 우리나라 대규모 기업집단의 사업구조, 재무구조, 피라미드 소유지배구조의 대리변수들이 그룹 차원의 경영성과에 미친 영향을 실증분석하고 있다. 대규모 기업집단은 우리나라 경제의 압축성장에 상당한 기여를 해왔으나 1997년 외환위기를 전후하여 30대 기업집단 중 약 절반이 부실화되면서 재벌구조의 비효율성이 집중적으로 거론되고 개혁의 주된 대상으로 몰리고 있다. 그러나 아쉽게도 재벌에 대한 비판과 이에 기초한 신설규제들은 체계적인 통계분석이 선행되지 않은 상황에서 진행되었으며, 본 논문의 분석결과는 재벌구조와 경영성과의 관계에 대한 '구태의연한 상식'은 오히려 사실과 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. 예를 들면, 문어발식 사업다각화가 그룹 차원의 경영성과에 비효율을 초래할 것이라는 일반적인 가설은 통계적으로 뒷받침되지 않으며, 기업집단의 내부지분율은 적어도 외환위기 이전까지는 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타난다. 그리고 최근에 논란을 빚고 있는 의결권 승수와 관련해서는 이의 대리지표인 피라미드 지배승수를 이용하여 경영성과에 미친 영향을 분석한 결과, 1989~1996년의 장기분석에서 "지배주주의 피라미드 레버리지가 증가하면 경영성과는 악화된다"는 가설은 부인되며, 지배승수와 경영성과는 오히려 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 맺고 있는 것으로 나타난다. This paper aims at empirically examining the effect of various features of chaebol structure on the group level performance. For more than four decades, chaebols, largely diversified business groups in Korea, have contributed to the rapid growth of domestic economy. But they have faced the difficulty from the mid-1990s, and the half of the top 30 chaebols went into bankruptcy or debt restructuring program around the time of financial crisis in the late 1997. What then went wrong with the chaebols? Which of their structure and/or strategies made them fragile at the shock of financial crisis? Among various features of the chaebols, we focus on the pyramid ownership and control structure, business scope, and debt structure to investigate how they affected the group level performance during the period 1989-1996. In our regression model, ROA, ROS, and other profit measures are employed alternatively, and independent variables include the debt-asset ratio(DEBT), the Entropy diversification index(DT), pyramid control leverage(PYRAMID), and in-group shareholding (INSIDE) with some control variables. When we estimate the above model, we find four interesting points about the chaebol structure and performance. First, the estimated coefficient of DEBT has a negative sign with strong statistical significance. Thus we may say that the high debt ratios in the chaebols have been the main driving force to reduce the profit rate of each group on the average. Second, the diversification variables have negative signs but they are not statistically insignificant. While it is true that a typical chaebols are largely diversified into 20 industries, the over-diversification hypothesis is not well accepted in our sample. This result may indicate that the chaebols' extensive business scope does not prove that they have pursued an excessive diversification. However one caution should be taken because Hwang(1999), using the sample of nine bankrupt chaebols, show that the diversification level has a negative effect on the profit rate during the period 1985-1996. Third, the variable INSIDE has a positive coefficient with statistical significance. This finding here is quite interesting because more than 90% of the in-group shareholding consists of cross-equity investment among affiliates, and previous literature predicts the negative effect of cross ownership on performance. For example, Bebchuck-Kraakman-Triantis(1999) and Kim(2001) explain that cross ownership, other things being equal, strengthens the management entrenchment for the minority controlling shareholder and thus leads to performance worsening. Along with this context, the regulatory authority in Korea has maintained the hostile approach to the in-group shareholding. Bur the finding here indicate that the in-group shareholding has a beneficial effect on chaebols' performance at least before the economic crisis in Korea. Finally, it is most surprising that the pyramid control structure in chaebols positively affected the group level of performance during the period 1989-1996. The estimated coefficient of PYRAMID variable has a positive sign and is statistically significant. Thus we may say that the minority controlling structure in the chaebols has not been always the factor to lower the profit rate. This result is quite contrasting with the predictions based on the agency theory. For example, BKT(1999) and Morck-Strangeland-Yeung(1998) claim that in business groups like Korean chaebols, the pyramid control structure facilitates entrepreneurs to effectively control assets of all the affiliates with their own small investment, and thus worsen the management entrenchment and agency problems. While they may predict some negative relation between pyramid multiplier and profit rate, however, our finding here suggest that their hypotheses can not be supported in the Korean experiences. We also find that there exists the reversed U-shape relation between pyramid leverage and profit.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

기혼여성의 스포츠와 여가만족도 규정요인에 관한 연구

김유수,안종학,최인순,안영필 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1998 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

As society has been changing rapidly, so the evaluation of women's position and the value of leisure has been changing. Women's demanding of leisure activities is also increasing today. I studied on the factors which have effected on the satisfaction of leisure time's married women in cities with involvement of leisure and sports activities. The results are as follows ; 1. Married women's leisure and sports activities by ages & educational level. (a) As for married women in cities, the older they are the more they took experiences in sports activities for a year. I think it is desirable but in health care it is concerned that young married women in cities don't take part in sports activities. (b) The higher their ages are, the more time is required for exercise in a time. (c) The old age group at 60s expressed the most active attitudes in joining sports clubs. (d) The young age group of 20s preferred to join clubs in their work and public centers while the old age group of 60s, 88.9%, definitely prefered to join clubs in public centers. (e) In the joining sports clubs, married women in 30s will was highest, while the old age group of 60s and over was lowest. (f) In the last one year, housewife participating in 20s was comparatively lower. (g) In the satisfaction of leisure time, the old age group of 60s and over was highest while the young age group of 20s was lowest. That is, the more ages were highter the more the satisfaction of leisure time was. (h) In the percentage of participating in sports activities in the last one year, the married women who finished only middle school was highest, 95.7%, So the higher educational level is the lower the percentages of that is, (i) In the time required, the higher educational level is, the shorter the time became. (j) In the facilities, many married women who finished university used them in their works or schools, or public centers. (k) In the time of moving to the facilities, there was little difference in educational levels, but the time of married women who finished university was less than others. (l) In the participating in several lectures, the higher educational level was, the higher the percentage was. (m) In the satisfaction of leisure time, the higher educational level was, the lower the percentage was, So I don't think the programs and condition of leisure and sports activities satisfy married women of high educational level. 2. The list of factors which have effected on the satisfaction of leisure time, are as follows ; (a) the attitudes of leisure time or sports activities, (b) the result of leisure time or sports activities(treatment for hypochondria and anxiety) (c) the result of leisure time or sports activities(treatment for shoulder pain and backache, and relief of worries) (d) the time required in a time. (e) confidence of body activities (f) the result of leisure time and sports activities(they got confidence and satisfaction) (g) the frequency of participating in leisure and sports activities in the last one year. (h) the result of leisure time and sports activities(they became to be friendly with and became kind to others) (i) the result of leisure time and sports activities(they became to plan their life-styles actively) (j) health condition. From these lists I could understand the most important factor is the body activity-oriented leisure time activities of married women in cities.

성인 IgA 신병증의 임상적 고찰

김영학,권용은,허경무,윤채중,김종인,김건영,배학연,정종훈 조선의대 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

학교장의 지도성행동의 측정에 관한 연구

박인학 광주보건대학 2001 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The purpose of this study is to clarify the level of principal's leadership behavior and to clarify the difference of level on principal's leadership behavior according to teacher's personal variables in the primary school. The specific objectives of this study are : 1. To analyze the level of each sub-variable of principal's leadership behavior. 2. To analyze the difference of level on principal's leadership behavior according to teacher's personal variables(sex, age, a number of teacher, a location of school). In order to accomplish the above objectives, 214 primary school teachers randomly selected in Gwangju, Chellanamdo as subjects of the study. The instrument such as "Principal's Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire" developed by Prof. No was used in this study. The statistical method employed in this study was F-test by using SPSS. From this analysis the following conclusions were drawn : 1. In sub-variables of principal's leadership behavior, Teachers' perceptual level were showned in regual sequence ① goal orientation ② teacher orientation ③ bureaucratic orientation. 2. According to teacher's personal variables, sub-variables of principal's leadership behavior were showend : 1) In total level of principal's leadership behavior, a number of teacher significantly showed 1% of level, a location of school significantly showed 5% of level. 2) In teacher orientation of principal's leadership behavior, each of a number of teacher and an age significantly showed 0.1% of level. 3) In goal orientation of principal's leadership behavior, a location of school significaantly showed 5% of level. 4) In bureaucratic orientation of principal's leadership behavior, each of an age and a sex significantly showed 5% of level.

중세 이전의 서양음악 사상(思想)

김학인 全南大學校 藝術硏究所 2001 藝術論集 Vol.4 No.-

The Music of the Greek is the most important in all antiquity. There are two cults that dominated musical concepts in general : (1) The Apollon cult made use of kithara, and was Characterized by charity of form, purity, and objectivity of expression. (2) The Dionysian cult, on the other hand, used the aulos and was characterized by ecstasy, passion, sensuality, and subjectivity. These two concepts have had varying roles in the subsequent history of oriental music, the former embodied in classical trends and the later in romantic trends. The doctrine of Ethos involved the belief that music has a direct effect upon the soul. The doctrine was established by the Peripatetics and Stoics. The diterming factors in musical Ethos were rhythm, mode, and the instrument employed. Very little is known about Roman music. In general, the Roman were imitators of Greek culture. They developed brass instruments largely for military purposes. The Christian Era in music encompasses the development of monophonic music from about 200 A.D. to about 1300. Sacred and secular melodies continued to develop long after the advent of polyphony. The most significant innovation in the entire history is the advent of polyphony in the 9th century. The polyphonic concept dominates the artistic development of all occidental music. The early states of its development(800-1200) take place in the late Carolingian period and the early Middle Ages. The music of the 12th and 13th centuries is referred to as the Ars Antiqua. This was the time of the late crusades, the building of the great Gothic Cathedrals of Europe.

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구(Ⅲ)

김순선,최기환,김학림,황인창,김동섭,신윤용,류항묵,장영섭 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구에서는 만성간염둥 간낄환 01방 및 치료제로서 오래전부터 널러 사용죄고 있으나 그 작용기전이 화실히 밝궈져있지 않은오미자에서 추출한 을hisandrin C의 합성 동족체, biphenf·1 dimethrt carboxylate(ODB)의 간장 보호자용 기전 연구의 일환으로 DDB를 시간(I~T일) 및 용량(25, 50, 100, 200mg/kg)별로 랫드에 투여한 훌 간장내 약물대사효소, CYPtAl과 CYPEBI mRNA 합량을 PolyrEerasff chain reation(PCR)밟법으로 측정하고 CfPIAl에 특이한 ethoxyruesorfin-o-deethylase(EROD)와 CYPaBt에 특이한 benzyloxyresorufin-o- dealkrlase(BROD) 활성을 측정한 결꽈, DDB가 CYPIAI mRNA 힘·량 및 EROD활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 CYPfBl 유전자 발현을 유도시키고 CYPEBI에 특이한 fiROD 될성을 증가시켰다. DD8의 이러한 CYPEBI 유전자 발현유도 효과는 투여시간, 용량에 비례하여 3일, 200rag/kg투여시에 극대치를 나타내었으며 BROD찰상 역시 투여시간, 용량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 또한 DDB의 간보호 효과를 평가하기 위해 DDB를 용량(25, 50, 100,200mgJkg)별로 4일간 연속 길구투여하고 DDB 최종투여 3시간후 CCI,(0.3mJ/kg, i.p)를 처치하여 간독성을 유발 시킨 후, CYPfBl mRNA 함량과 BROD 활성을 조사하고 간조직 검사를 실시하였으며 혈청내 aminotransferase 꽉성 및 간소포체내 lipid perflxidation을 측정하였다. DOB 전투여는 CCI, 처치에 의왜 감소된 CYPBBI mRNA 함량자 BHOD 활성을 용량의콘적으로 증가시켰으며 CCI, 처치에 의해 증가된 혈청내 ALT 활성과 간 소포체 막의 lipid peroxidation을 감소시켰다. 혈청내 ALT 활성같 간 소포체 막치 lipid peroxidation에 근거하면 DDB는 CCI, 처치로 유발된 간독성에 럴호효롸를 나타내며 그 효과는 50mg/kg;투여시에 최대인 것으로 보인다. 반면, CCI, 처치에 의해 유발된 간 표면의 섬유화, 간세포 괴사 및 공포화 변성은 DDB 투여에 의해 통계적으로 유의성있는 개선 효과를보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 DDB가 CYP2린1 유전자 발현 및 BROD 활성을 시간 및 용량의존적으로 증가시킴을 나타내며 DDB의 free radical scavenger가능성을 제시한다. 미와 더불어 전년도 시험물질, 대황 및 마황의 환셩성분인 rhein, eptledrine과 황금의 지표성분인 baicalin이 간 대사 및 독성에 미치는 영향을 비교평가 하기 위해 rhein 및 ephedrinr·을 각각 20, 10mg/kg 용량으로 랫드에 4일간 복강주사하고 baicalin은 4mg/kg 용량으로 7일간 경구투여한 후, 간장내 약물대사 효소 CYPIAI과 CYPaBl 유전자 발현정도를 조사하고 애들에 특이한 EROD 와 BROD활성, 혈청내 ALT, AST 활성 및 간소포체내 지질과 산화물(rnslondialdehyde) 함량을 측정한 결과, ephedrine은 만성간염지표인 ALT/AS? ratio을 증가시키고(p (0.03) rhein은 MDA함량을 증가시켰는데,(p(0.01) 이는 대황 투여에 의한 간 소포체 막의 lipid peroxidation증가는 rhein에,마황에 의한 혈청내 ALT/AST ratio증가는 ephedrine에 기인함을 시사해주는 결과이며 금의 지표성분인 baicalin투여에 의해서는 혈청중 ALT 및 AST 활성이 재조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되어(p(0.05) baiealin의 간보호 가능성을 제시하였다. Biphenyl diinethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) is a synthetic analogue of SchiBandrin C isolated from SchiBandrae Fructus and has been widely used for its hepatic protective effect. This study has beenundertaken to examine the effect of DDB on rat liver drug metaboliEing enzymes and to understand theprotective mechanism of D:DB against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) -induced hepatic toxicity in rat liver.After DDB was administered into male rats for different periods of time(1 ~7 days) ana with differentdoses(25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg), mRNA levels of CYPIAI and CYPaHl were measured by polymerasechain reaction (PCR) and also assayed the activities of CYP IAI specific ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase(EROD) and CYPfBl sf)ecific benzyloxyresorufin-o-dealkylase (BROD) . Furthermore, rats werepretreated with DDB 25, 5() and 100 mg/ltg daily for 4 days, 3-hours after final treatrneBt on the 4thday, CCI, 0.3mf/kg was intraperitonially injected into the rats. Activities of serum aminotransferaseswere assayed and determirled lipid peroxidation(production of ualondialdehyde) in hepatic microsomeand done histopathological examination. DDB treatment resulted in increase in CYPaBl mRMA leveland BROD activity whereas there was no change in CYPIAI niRNA level and EROD activity. This ef-fect of DDB was time and dose dependent reaching maximal level by 3 day and 200mg/kg treatment.Based oi?'studies of serum ALT level and lipid peroxidation, D:DB SOmg/kg pretreatinent appeared themost effective protection against CCI,-induce4 hepatotoxicity. :However, histopathological examinationdid not significantly show any improving effect on balloning degeneration and necrosis caused by CCI,treatment. These results in.dicate that DDB stimulates CYPEBI ruRNA level and BROD activity in timeand dose dependent manner and suggest protective effect of DDB against CCI,-induced hepatotoxicitymight be exerted through free radical scavenging. In addition, we have also investigated the effects ofrhein, ephedrine and baicaBin on hepatic toxicity and metabolism in rat liver in order to compare withtheir natural products f·hick are Rhei Rhizoma, Ephedrae Hel·ba and Scutellariae Radix, respectively.After rhein 20 and ephedrine 10mg/kg were intraperitonially injected into the rats daily for 4 daysrespectively compared as bacaBin was treated orally for 7 days, the expression of CYPIAI and CYPfBlwere examined and tlleir dependent EROD and BROD activities were assayed. The levels of serumaainotransferases and hepatic rnaiondialdehyde(MDA ) were Beasured as well. Ephedrine treatment in-creased in CYPIAI specific EROD activity and the ratio of serum ALT/AST ratio, a marker of chronichepatitis(p <0.01). MDA level was enhanced by rhein treatmentfp < 0.01), but baicalin reduced serumALT and AST levels compared to control group (p < 0.05) .

정어리 어분의 지질함량에 따른 저장안정성

유병진,이강호,정인학 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1992 東海岸硏究 Vol.3 No.1

우리나라에서 80년대 이후 연간 약 13만∼18만톤 어획되는 가장 중요한 수산자원의 하나인 정어리는 그 자체의 여러가지 원인으로 식품가공소재로서의 이용이 제한되고 주로 어분 및 어유의 원료로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 정어리 어분은 지방함량이 높고 또한 함유지질의 구성지방산도 고도불포화지방산의 비율이 높아 산화로 인한 품질의 악변이 정어리어분의 이용에 큰 제약이 되고 있다. 2단 자숙으로 지질함량을 대폭 감소시킨 어분과 기존의 어분과의 저장 중의 품질변화를 실험한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 2단 자숙으로 지질함량을 1단 가열로 제조한 어분의 지질함량 11.7%에서 2.51%로 감소시켰다. 2. 1단 가열로 제조된 어분의 지질조성은 비극성이 64.2%, 극성이 35.8%인데 비하여 2단 가열로 제조한 경우는 극성이 60.7%, 비극성이 39.2%로 오히려 극성지질의 함량이 높았다. 3. 구성지방산은 ??이 주요 구성지방산들이었으며 1단 가열로 제조된 어분의 경우 ??이 극성지질에서 24.1%, 비극성지질에서 8.7%었으나 2단 가열로 제조된 경우 21.3%와 10.6%로 다소 열에 의해 파괴된 것으로 나타났다. 4. 지질의 산패는 AV, POV, COV가 비슷한 경향을 보이며 2단 가열로 지질의 함량이 줄어든 시료어분에서 온도가 높을수록 보다 급속히 진행되었으며 5℃의 저온에서도 지질의 산패는 억제되지 않았다. TBA값은 지질함량이 많은 1단 자숙으로 제조된 어분에서 10.2가 2단 가열로 지질함량이 낮은 경우의 어분에서의 5.2보다 약 2배 높은 값을 보였으며 이후의 증가는 저장온도가 높을수록 신속히 진행되었으나 2단 자숙으로 제조된 어분에서 5℃와 상온에서 저장하였을 겨우 상당히 안정한 값을 저장 50일 경까지 보였다. 5. 수용성 갈변반응은 2단 자숙한 경우가 흡광도로 0.17로서 1단 자숙한 경우의 0.08보다 높았으나 1단 자숙의 경우 저장 중에 저장온도에 관계없이 모두 일정한 속도로 증가하였으나 2단 자숙하여 제조한 어분에서는 5℃로 저장했을때 상당히 억제되었다. 지용성 갈변은 1단 가열로 제조한 경우가 오히려 높은 값을 보여 2단 가열의 0.42보다 높은 0.94의 약 2배이상의 값을 보였으며 전체적으로 지용성 갈변이 수용성 갈변보다 우세하여 어분의 품질저하에 주도적 역할을 하였다. The effects of lipids elimination through conventional steaming method(one step steaming) or new method(two steps steaming) on the storage stability and quality deterioration of sardine fish meals were investigated by means of lipids oxidation, fatty acids composition and browning during storage at 50℃, 30℃, 5℃ and room temperature. Lipids content, 11.70% in the fish meals made by one step steaming was decreased to 2.51% through one more steps of steaming. In conventional fish meal, nonpolar and polar lipids were composed 64.2%, 35.8% respectively, but the composition was reversed to 39.2% and 60.78% in two step steamed fish meal. Among the principal fatty acids, ?? of the sardine fish meals, ?? was charged 24.1% in polar and 8.7% in non-polar lipid of one step steamed fish meal, and the values were decreased to 21.3%, 10.6% in two step steamed meal respectively. The lipid oxidation in two step steamed fish meal was enhanced more intensely than in one step steamed fish meal according to results of POV, COV and AV tests during storage. But according to TBA test, the quality and oxidative stability has steaded better effectively in two step steamed fish meal than in one step steamed fish meal. Hydrophilic browning reaction was predominant in two step steamed meal, but lipophilic browning become predominant in one step steamed fish meal. For all that lipophilic browning gained predominating influence with 3∼10 times over hydrophilic browning in sardine fish meal.

공간정보에 기반한 도로 데이터 자동생성 방법

주인학,최경호,유재준,황태현,이종훈,Joo, In-Hak,Choi, Kyoung-Ho,Yoo, Jae-Jun,Hwang, Tae-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Hun 한국공간정보학회 2002 개방형지리정보시스템학회 논문지 = Journal of the Korea Open Geogr Vol.4 No.2

효율적인 도로정보의 구축은 GIS에서 가장 중요한 주제이다. 본 논문에서는 도로정보를 자동으로 생성, 구축하기 위하여 모바일 매핑 기술과 영상인식 기술을 결합한 방법을 제안하였다. 모바일 매핑 시스템은 CCD 카메라, GPS, INS를 장착한 차량의 형태를 가지며, 취득한 영상에 나타난 공간객체의 좌표를 사진측량기법을 이용하여 계산한다. 모바일 매핑 시스템에 의한 공간객체 좌표추출과 데이터 구축은 자동화되지 않아 시간이 많이 드는 단점이 있다. 도로의 자동 인식은 영상인식 분야에서도 자동주행차량에 대한 연구의 형태로 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 영상인식에 기반한 방법들은 도로 차선에 적용할 경우 차선의 끊김 차량에 의한 가려짐 좋지 않은 날씨와 조명 등 실제의 도로나 도로변의 다양한 예외상황 때문에 원하는 결과를 얻기 힘든 경우가 많다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 모바일 매핑 시스템으로부터 획득된 GPS/INS 데이터 및 영상인식 기술을 모두 이용한 자동 도로데이터 생성방법을 제안하였다. 영상에 나타난 도로 차선의 3차원좌표로부터 영상에서 객체가 나타날 위치를 추정하기 위한 방법을 고안하였으며, 이러한 방법은 도로 차선을 찾기 위한 복잡한 영상처리 과정을 대폭 줄일 수 있다. 예외상황 때문에 도로차선을 추출하지 못한 경우에는 스플라인 인터폴레이션에 의하여 값을 얻는다. 인터폴레이션은 교차로나 급격한 변화 지점에 따라 구분된 도로 구간 단위로 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 객체좌표 추정방법과 인터폴레이션 기법에 대한 실험 및 결과를 제시하였다. VEfficient generation of road data is one of the most important issues in GIS (Geographic Information System). In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for automatic generation of road data by combining mobile mapping and image processing techniques. Mobile mapping systems have a form of vehicle equipped with CCD camera, GPS, and INS. They can calculate absolute position of objects that appear in acquired image by photogrammetry, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Automatic road detection methods have been studied also by image processing technology. However, the methods are likely to fail because of obstacles and exceptive conditions in the real world. To overcome the problems, we suggest a hybrid method for automatic road generation, by exploiting both GPS/INS data acquired by mobile mapping system and image processing algorithms. We design an estimator to estimate 3-D coordinates of road line and corresponding location in an image. The estimation process reduces complicated image processing operations that find road line. The missing coordinates of road line due to failure of estimation are obtained by cubic spline interpolation. The interpolation is done piecewise, separated by rapid change such as road intersection. We present experimental results of the suggested estimation and interpolation methods with image sequences acquired by mobile mapping system, and show that the methods are effective in generation of road data.