순산소 순환유동층에서 로내 탈황 및 탈질법 적용에 따른 오염물질 거동특성

최경구(Gyung-Goo Choi),나건수(Geon-Soo Na),신지훈(Ji-Hoon Shin),길상인(Sang-In Keel),이정규(Jung-Kyu Lee),허필우(Pil-Woo Heo),윤진한(Jin-Han Yun) 한국청정기술학회 2018 청정기술 Vol.24 No.3

순산소 연소기술은 화력발전에 적용 가능한 유망한 온실가스 감축 기술로 평가되고 있다. 본 연구는 환경적 관점에서 순환유동층을 활용한 순산소 연소조건에 로 내 탈황 및 탈질법을 적용하여 NO 및 SO₂의 거동을 살펴보는 한편, SO₃, NH₃, 그리고 N2O의 발생 경향도 관측하였다. 이를 위해, 연소로 내 석회석 및 요소수를 투입하였다. 로 내 탈황법은 연소가스 내 SO₂ 농도를 ~403에서 ~41 ppm까지 저감하였다. 또한 SO₃ 형성의 주원료인 SO₂가 저감되면서 연소가스 내 SO₃ 농도도 ~3.9에서~1.4 ppm까지 감소되었다. 그러나 석회석 내 CaCO₃가 NO의 발생을 촉진하는 현상도 관측되었다. 연소가스 내 NO 농도는로 내 탈질법을 적용하여 ~26 - 34 ppm까지 저감되었다. 요소수 투입량 증가에 따라 연소가스 내 NH₃ 농도가 증가하여 최대~1.8 ppm으로 나타났으며, N₂O의 농도도 ~61에서 ~156 ppm까지 증가하였다. N₂O 발생량 증가 현상은 요소수의 열분해 과정에서 생성된 HNCO가 N₂O로 전환되어 나타난다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 로 내 연소가스 세정법을 적용할 경우 NOx 및 SOx의 저감뿐만 아니라, 다른 오염물질의 발생에 대한 주의가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Oxy-fuel combustion is considered as a promising greenhouse gas reduction technology in power plant. In this study, the behaviors of NO and SO₂ were investigated under the condition that in-furnace deNOx and deSOx methods are applied in oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed combustion condition. In addition, the generation trends of SO₃, NH₃ and N2O were observed. For the purpose, limestone and urea solution were directly injected into the circulating fluidized bed combustor. The in-furnace deSOx method using limestone could reduce the SO₂ concentration in exhaust gas from ~403 to ~41 ppm. At the same experimental condition, the SO₃ concentration in exhaust gas was also reduced from ~3.9 to ~1.4 ppm. This trend is mainly due to the reduction of SO₂. The SO₂ is the main source of the formation of SO₃. The negative effect of CaCO₃ in limestone, however, was also appeared that it promotes the NO generation. The NO concentration in exhaust gas reduced to ~26 - 34 ppm by appling selective non-catalytic reduction method using urea solution. The NH₃ concentration in exhaust gas was appeared up to ~1.8 ppm during injection of urea solution. At the same time, the N₂O generation also increased with increase of urea solution injection. It seems that the HNCO generated from pyrolysis of urea converted into N₂O in combustion atmosphere. From the results in this study, the generation of other pollutants should be checked as the in-furnace deNOx and deSOx methods are applied.

Analgesic effect of structured anal skin care for perianal dermatitis after low anterior resection in the rectal cancer patients: prospective, single-center, open-label, therapeutic confirmatory, randomized clinical trial

Gyung Mo Son,In Young Lee,Mi Sook Yun,Jung-Hea Youn,Hong Min An,Kyung Hee Kim,Seung Mi Yeo,Bokyung Ku,Kun Hyung Kim,Myeong Suk Kwon 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.103 No.6

Purpose: This prospective, single-center, open-label, therapeutic confirmatory, randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the alleviation of anal pain by applying structured anal skin care including skin protectants in rectal cancer patients with low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) combined with anal pain. Methods: From December 2017 to May 2020, 42 patients with LARS (scores of ≥21) and anal pain (visual analogue scale [VAS] score of ≥3) were randomly assigned and observed for 4 weeks. The conventional treatment consisted of dietary management, sitz baths, prohibition of anal scrubbing, loperamide, and dioctahedral smectite. In the anal care group, cleanser, barrier cream, and barrier spray were applied to the anal skin after defecation following the conventional treatment. The primary outcome was analgesic effect on anal pain after 2 weeks of structured treatment (anal care group) or conventional (control group). The cutoff for analgesic effect was a decrease in the anal pain score (VAS score of ≥2 or ≥30% reduction). Results: As a primary outcome, the analgesic effect was significantly higher in the anal care group (P = 0.034). The incontinence-associated dermatitis skin condition score was significantly improved in the anal care group than control group after 4 weeks (P = 0.023). There were no significant differences in LARS scores and quality of life scores between 2 groups. Conclusion: Structured anal skin care has a significant analgesic effect in reducing anal pain and improving anal skin conditions in patients with LARS after rectal cancer surgery.

한국인 내당능장애 환자의 인슐린 분비능과 인슐린 감수성

정재훈,이명식,최윤호,김광원,정인경,양태영,오은영,김동준,이문규,민용기,함종렬 대한당뇨병학회 2000 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.3

Background: Although insulin resistance has been known to be a primary defect causing type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians and Caucasians. However, insulin secretory defect rather than insulin resistance has been speculated and demonstrated to be a more important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes in other ethnic groups. Thus, we undertook this study to investigate the initial abnormality of glucose intolerance in Korean subjects. Methods: 374 Korean subjects were stratified according to the World Health Organization criteria (normal glucose tolerance (NGT), n=128; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), n=128; diabetes, n=118) and subdivided further into the two groups; non-obese (BMI $lt; 25 kg/㎡) and obese group (BMI 25 kg/㎡). Insulinogenic index (the ratio of the increment of insulin to that of plasma glucose 30 min after glucose load) was used as an index of early-phase insulin secretion. AUC insulin (area under the insulin curve during OGTT) was used as an index of total insulin secretion. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA (R), the R value of the Homeostasis model. Results: Insulinogenic index decreased significantly in IGT compared with that in NGT in both non-obese and obese groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in AUC insulin and HOMA (R) between NGT and IGT group. Whereas AUC insulin showed its peak level in the range of IGT (7.7∼9.9 mmol/t.), insulinogenic index showed the peak level in the range of NGT (5.6∼7.7 mmol/IL and decreased progressively with increase of plasma glucose 120 min value. Conclusion: Early-phase insulin secretory defect might be the initial abnormality in the development of IGT from NGT in both non-obese and obese Korean subjects.

불안정 고혈압 환자에서 후두경하 기관내 삽관시 Propofol 혹은 Thiopental Sodium-Esmolol이 혈역학 및 혈중 Catecholamine치에 미치는 영향

오인영,최영석,정우영,이일옥,공명훈,이미경,김난숙,임상호 대한정맥마취학회 2000 정맥마취 Vol.4 No.2

서론: 마취 유도 중 후두경하 기관내 삽관은 환자의혈압과 맥박을 상승시키고 경우에 따라 부정맥, 심근 허혈 또는 심근경색 등과 같은 치명적인 합병증을 유발시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 불안정 고혈압을 보이는 환자의 마취유도시 propofol 단독 사용 또는 thiopental과 esmolol의 혼합사용이 후두경하 기관내 삽관시 심혈관계와 혈중 catecholamine 치의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 시행되었다. 방법: 불안정 고혈압을 보이는 미국마취과학회 전신상태 분류상 1 또는 2 등급에 속하는 36명의 계획수술 환자를 대상으로 연구목적과 방법을 설명하고 동의를 얻은 뒤 두 군(n = 18)으로 분류하여 1군은 propofol 3 ㎎/㎏을 2군은 thiopental sodium 5 ㎎/㎏과 semolol 0.5 ㎎/㎏을 투여하고 두 군 모두 succinylcholine 1㎎/㎏을 투여하여 전신마취를 유도하였다. 일반적인 후두경하 기관내 삽관을 시행하고 마취유지를 위해 50% 산소, 50% 아산화질소, 2% enflurane와 vecuronium 0.08-0.1 ㎎/㎏을 투여하였으며 호기말 이산화탄소 분압을 35-40 ㎜Hg로 유지하도록 조절호흡을 시행하였다. 수술실 도착 후부터 기관내삽관 후까지 총 7차례 환자 감시장치(CRITICON DINAMAO^TM 1846SX, USA)를 사용하여 비침습적 혈압(수축기, 이완기, 평균동맥압)과 심박수를 측정하고 혈중 카테콜아민 측정을 위한 혈액채취를 하였다. 측성지간은 각각 ① 수술실 도착 후, ② 기관내삽관 직전, ③ 기관내삽관 직후, ④ 삽관 후 1분, ⑤ 삽관 후 2분, ⑥ 삽관 후 5분, ⑦ 삽관 후 10분이었다. 두 군의 각 측정치를 통계적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 1군에서 2군에 비하여 삽관 후의 수축기와 이완기 혈압변동이 유의하게 적었으며, 2군에서 1군에 비하여 삽관 후의 심박수 변동이 유의하게 적었다. 혈중 카테콜아민 치는 두 군 모두에서 전 측정기간 중 정상이었다. 결론: 불안정 고혈압을 가진 환자의 전신마취 유도시 기관내 삽관에 따른 혈역학적 변동을 줄이는데 propofol 3 ㎎/㎏의 사용은 적절한 방법 중의 하나로 사료된다. Background: Endotracheal intubation under the laryngoscopy is one of the most potent stimuli that increase in heart rate and blood pressure and following cardiac complication such as arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia and infarction can lead to fatal situation. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of propofol and esmolol-thiopental sodium on cardiovascular system and catecholamine change to tracheal intubation in labile hypertensive patients. Methods: Thirty six hypertensive patients, ASA class 1 or 2, scheduled for elective surgery were selected randomly. They were divided into two groups. (Group 1: propofol 3.0 ㎎/㎏, Group 2: esmolol 0.5 ㎎/㎏ + thiopental sodium 5 ㎎/㎏, n = 18 in each group). Induction of anesthesia was started with propofol 3.0 ㎎/㎏ (Group 1), esmolol 0.5 ㎎/㎏ + thiopental sodium 5 ㎎/㎏ (Group 2), and succinylcholine (1 ㎎/㎏). After tracheal intubation under the routine laryngoscopic technique, vecuronium 0.08-0.1 ㎎/㎏ was injected, 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 2% enflurane were inhaled. Using noninvasive automatic blood pressure monitor (CRITICON DINAMAP^TM 1846SX, USA), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure) and heart rate were measured at 7 points; ① on arrival to operating room, ② just before intubation, ③ just after intubation, ④ 1 minute after intubation, ⑤ 2 minutes after intubation, ⑥ 5 minutes after intubation, ⑦ 10 minutes after intubation. Results: There was a significant attenuation in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure after tracheal intubation in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Heart rate was significantly blunted in Group 2 than Group 1. The catecholamine level was normal range all the time in bath group. Conclusions: We suggest that 3.0 ㎎/㎏ of propofol as a induction dose of anesthesia could be a good choice for blunting hemodynamic changes caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in labile hypertensive patients.

Anatomic or Functional Evaluation as an Initial Test for Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Propensity Score Analysis

Park, Gyung-Min,Kim, Young-Hak,Yun, Sung-Cheol,Ahn, Jung-Min,Choi, Hyo-In,Roh, Jae-Hyung,Lee, Pil Hyung,Chang, Mineok,Lee, Sang Gyu,Jo, Min-Woo,Park, Duk-Woo,Kang, Soo-Jin,Lee, Seung-Whan,Lee, Cheol W Society of Nuclear Medicine 2016 The Journal of nuclear medicine Vol.57 No.9

<P>Little data are available to compare the clinical implications of coronary angiography (CAG) or myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) as an initial evaluation for stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: From national health insurance claims data in South Korea, patients aged 18 y or older without a known history of CAD, who underwent CAG or MPI for the diagnosis of stable CAD between 2009 and 2013, were enrolled. Patients were divided into CAG (n = 117,134) and MPI (n = 19,932) groups. The primary endpoint, defined as a composite of all cause death and myocardial infarction, was compared by a propensity score analysis between the 2 groups. Results: There was a significant increase (39%) in the annual rate of CAG from 23,985 in 2009-2010 to 33,373 in 2012-2013. However, a substantial reduction (41%) in the annual MPI rate was also noted from 6,389 in 2009-2010 to 3,790 in 2012-2013. During the follow-up period (median, 2.4 y; interquartile range, 1.5-3.5), coronary revascularization was more frequently performed in the CAG group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] of CAG, 24.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.66-29.68; P < 0.001). However, the incidence of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in the CAG group (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.36; P < 0.001). The individual end-points of death (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25; P = 0.001) and myocardial infarction (aHR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.60-2.36; P < 0.001) were also higher in the CAG group. Conclusion: As an initial diagnostic test in patients with stable CAD, MPI is associated with a better clinical outcomes than CAG.</P>

Alternative of Phosphate by Freeze- or Oven-Dried Winter Mushroom Powder in Beef Patty

Hyun Gyung Jeong,Doo Yeon Jung,Kyung Jo,Seonmin Lee,Yun-Sang Choi,Hae In Yong,Samooel Jung 한국축산식품학회 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.3

This study investigated freeze- or oven-dried winter mushroom powder (FDP or ODP, respectively) as an alternative to phosphate in beef patties. The beef patties were prepared with four treatments: no addition of phosphate and winter mushroom (control), addition of 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate (BP), addition of 1% FDP (BFW), and addition of 1% ODP (BOW). The pH of FDP and ODP was 6.73, and 7.00, respectively. FDP and ODP contained phenolic compound at a level of 3.50 and 5.45 g gallic acid equivalent/kg, respectively. The cooking loss of beef patties was the highest in the control and lowest in BP (p<0.05). BFW had lower cooking loss than the control (p<0.05), and BOW showed similar cooking loss as that of the control (p>0.05). Inhibition of lipid oxidation was found in BP and BOW as compared with control (p<0.05). BFW was similar to the control in terms of the degree of lipid oxidation (p>0.05). BOW showed lower L* and higher a* values than those of the control, BP and BFW (p<0.05). Texture properties such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were the highest in BP (p<0.05). A slight increase in hardness and springiness was observed in BOW compared to those of the control (p<0.05). The results showed that FDP and ODP did not exhibit all the properties of phosphate in beef patties. Therefore, FDP and ODP can be used for partial substitution of phosphate in beef patties.

Healing of surgically created circumferential gap around Nano-coating surface dental implants in dogs

Chae, Gyung-Joon,Jung, Ui-Won,Jung, Sung-Min,Lee, In-Seop,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 Surface and interface analysis Vol.40 No.3

<P>The development and expanded use of dental implants has been remarkably increased. The implant stability and osseointegration are important factors in the success of treatment. Commercially pure titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used materials for endosseous dental implants. Hydroxyapatite (HA), one of the calcium phosphate, has been studied for biomedical applications since it has similarity in chemistry with inorganic components of human bone and its biocompatibility. But the use of HA coated dental implants remain still controversial, because some reports suggest that the HA coating may separate from the substructure, undergo dissolution in tissue fluids, and contribute to rapid breakdown around the implants. HA coating can be applied on metal implants by numerous methods. Of several coating methods, ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) has shown to promise. This study was to compare the healing response of various nano-coating surface implants (by IBAD) placed in surgically created circumferential gaps 12 weeks postplacement.</P><P>In six mongrel dogs, all mandible premolars and the first molar were extracted and after an 8-week healing period, four kinds of implants were placed. 2 mm circumferential coronal defects around the implants were performed surgically with a customized step drill. Groups were divided according to the fixture surfaces. The dogs were sacrificed following a 12 week healing period. Specimens were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.</P><P>During the healing period, healing was uneventful and implants were well maintained. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) for experimental groups —calcium phosphate coating implants with or without heat treatment- were much higher than the control group. The defect fill were also higher in the experimental groups. In the control group, the coronal part showed minimal bone fill and osseointegration.</P><P>Within the scope of this study, calcium phosphate coating using IBAD may improve the bone response and the calcium phosphate coating may therefore be suitable in implant design with complex surface geometries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

임신중기 임신중절에서의 Misoprostol의 질내투여와 자궁경관내 라미나리아 삽입과 Sulprostone 동시 투여 와의 비교

황인수,최영렬,송정호,김호영,이재주,유재경 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.1

목적 : 임신 중기 임신중절을 위해 입원한 경우 질내 misoprostol을 삽입한 군과 강력한 PGE2제재인 sulprostone과 laminiaria를 동시에 사용한 군에서의 중절의 성공률, 중절에 소모된 시간, 합병증 등과 임신 중절에 적정한 misoprostol의 양과 투여시간을 측정하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 : 임신 중기 임신 중절을 위해 입원한 임신 16주에서 28주 사이의 임산부 50례를 임의적 으로 각각 25명씩 두 Group으로 나누었다. Group I은 misoprostol은 200μg을 4시간 간격으로 질 후원개 부위에 삽입하여 수태산물 만출시 까지 최고 12회 까지 사용하였다. Group II는 laminaria tent를 자궁경관의 internal os까지 삽입후 8시간 후에 laminaria 제거 후 sulprostone을 정맥내 주입하였다. 두 Group 모두 최고 용량 사용후에도 중절에 실패하였을 경우 sulprostone을 정맥주입하였다. 결과 : 임신 중절의 시작에서 수태산물의 완전한 분만까지의 평균 시간은 Group I에서 1480.84±937.73분이고 Group II에서는 1236.16±377.59분이었다(p=0.232). 약제투여후 48시간에서 성공적인 유산이 된 경우는 Group I이 84%, Group II가 92%이었다(p=0.384). 유산이 된 평균 시간과 성공적 유산율 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 출혈량은 입원 당시와 Hemoglobin과 임신중절 후 24시간 경과후의 Hemoglobin 차이로 비교하였는데 Grouo I에서는 1.0352±0.5774g/dl이었고 Group II에서는 1.5640±0.8976g/dl로 통계적으로 의미있게 misoprostol군에서 출혈량이 적었다. 두 군 간의 합병증은 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 임신중기 임신 중절의 방법으로서 misoprostol의 질내 투여법이 강력한 PGE2 제재인 sulprostone과 laminaria 동시 사용한 군과의 비교시 보다 적절하고 손쉬운 안전성이 있는 임신 중절법의 방법으로 사료된다. Objective : To compare the abortion time, success rate and efficiency of application of intravaginal misoprostol versus intracervical laminaria insertion and intravenous sulprostone administration for mid-trimester pregnancy termination. Material : Patients requesting termination of second trimester pregnancy were randomized into two groups. In Group I, the women were given 200μg tablet of misoprostol placed in the posterior vaginal fornix. In Group II, the women were given laminaria insertion in cervical canal with intravenous sulprostone administration. Altogether 50 subjects were recruited with 25 women in each group. Results : The mean interval from start of induction to vaginal delivery was 1480.84±937.73 minutes in Group I and 1236.16±377.59 minutes in Group II(p=0.232). The success rate of termination within 48 hours in Group I and Group II were 84%, 92%(p=0.384). There were no significant differences in the mean interval time and success rates. Measurement of blood loss(differs in hemoglobin between the admission and postabortive 24 hours) shows in Group I(1.0352±0.5774) and in Group II(1.5640±0.8976). Mean changes in hemoglobin level were significantly lesser in the misoprostol group(p=0.017). No serious complication occurred. Conclusion : Intravaginal misoprostol appears to be acceptably safe and effective agents for second trimester pregnancy termination.

Comparison of the outcomes of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the ipsilateral and contralateral auditory cortex in unilateral tinnitus

Kim, Bo Gyung,Kim, Deog Young,Kim, Seung Ki,Kim, Jung Min,Baek, Seung Hak,Moon, In Seok Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2014 Electromagnetic biology and medicine Vol.33 No.3

<P>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method of activating or deactivating focal areas of the human brain. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) applied over the temporoparietal cortex has been reported to show therapeutic effects on tinnitus. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS delivered either contralaterally or ipsilaterally to the symptomatic ear in patients with unilateral tinnitus. Forty patients with asymmetric hearing loss and non-pulsatile tinnitus localized to poorer ear of 6 months in duration or greater who were refractory to medication were enrolled in this study. Patients were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups: with 1 Hz stimulation applied the temporoparietal junction either ipsilaterally (<I>n</I> = 21) or contralaterally (<I>n</I> = 19) to the symptomatic ear. The patients were given 600 pulses per session daily for 5 d. Changes in the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and self-rating visual analog scores (VAS) for loudness, awareness and annoyance were analyzed before, immediately after and 1 month after treatment. There was no significant difference in the rate of patients with marked improvement between ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in the amount of decreases in THI scores and VAS between the two groups immediately or 1 month after rTMS. Finally, significant decreases in THI scores and most VAS were observed 1 month after rTMS in both groups compared to pretreatment. Daily treatment with 1 Hz rTMS ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the side of tinnitus both had significant beneficial effects. The laterality of stimulation with 1 Hz rTMS is not the decisive factor in relieving symptoms.</P>

P089 : Toll-like receptor 2 mediates a cutaneous reaction induced by repetitive ultraviolet b irradiation in c57/bl6 mice in vivo

( Jin Yong Kim ),( Jung Yoon Ohn ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( Seon Pil Jin ),( Youn Gae Lee ),( In Gyung Oh ),( Serah Lee ),( Jung Ho Kim ),( Kwang Hyun Cho ),( Jin Ho Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Toll like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that play an essential role in the induction of the immune response. Objectives: Previous studies suggested that single ultraviolet (UV) exposure may initiate a TLR-mediated sterile inflammation in vitro. This study was conducted to verify whether TLR2 mediates sterile inflammation, which is induced by repetitive to UVB exposure in vivo. Methods: Inflammatory responses to repetitive UVB irradiation were compared between wild-type (WT) and TLR2 knock-out (KO) mice. Results: After 6 weeks of repetitive UVB irradiation, inflammatory response of the TLR2 KO group was less severe than that of the TLR2 WT group. Compared to the group of TLR2 WT mice, the group of TLR2 KO mice displayed less prominent erythema and scaling; and histopathologically fewer inflammatory cells and significantly thinner skin. UVB-induced expression of the heat shock protein 70, an endogenous ligand of TLR2, was lower in the TLR2 KO group. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, all of which were lower in the TLR2 KO group, compared to the WT group. This finding was further corroborated with ELISA and western blot, each of which showed lower protein expression level of IL-1β, and MMP-13, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that TLR2 is involved in cutaneous inflammatory reaction to repetitive UV irradiation in C57/B16 mice.