냉적응 생쥐의대식세포 활성화에 미치는 PKC 억제제와 Ca^(2+) Antagonist의 영향

정노팔,박한우,최인호,오영근,신형철 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Human thymus 조직으로부터 cDNA library를 만들었다. 무작위로 선별한 cDNA clone중에서 468개 염기로 된 cDNA clone (PTH209)을 검색한 결과 124개의 아미노산을 code하는 EAP(Epstein-Barr asseciated protein) 유전자임을 확인하였다. Thymus의 EAP와 Epstein-Barr 바이러스 positive 및 negative cell line의 RNP에서 분리한 EAP^(13)를 비교한 결과, coding region은 동일하였으나 3'UT region은 달랐다. 더구나 EBERs(Epstein-Barr encoded RNAs) 와 La 자가항원이 결합된 RNP의 EAP와 마찬가지로, thymus의 EAP는 sea urchin의 developmental stage-specific 단백질로 알려진 217^(2) 과 매우 유사한 아미노산 서열을 보였다. 이런 결과로 미루어 thymus의 EAP는 thymic development에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. To study the adaptation of immune systems in the animals kept in cold temperature, the recovery rate of peritoneal exudated mouse macrophage was measured in mouse bred at room temperature(RT) or at cold(S±2 C). NBT-reduction activities and phagocytic activities were measured too, to the macrophages recovered. The results are as follows; More than 40% of cells were recovered in the cold treated groups compaired to the RT bred groups. The NBT-reduction activities were totally blocked at 10mM EGTA, and were below 10% of the control in H7 100pM and TMB-8 0.1mM. The NBT-reduction activity of cold treated groups were higher than RT group at lower concentration than H7100pM and TMB-8 0.1mM . The H7 resulted no changes in phagocytic activities both cold and RT groups at 0.1-100pM. The TMB-8 resulted in significant decrease in phagocytic activities at 0.1 mM and 1mM. The conclusions are 1) the cold treated animals showed an increase in the NBT-reduction activities and in the macrophage recovery rates, 2) H7 was unable to block phagocytosis of yeasts up to 10011M concentration, 3) lectin-like yeast cell surface molecules have different signaling mechanism form IgG molecules.

Risk factors for poor prognosis in nosocomial infective endocarditis

( Ji-won Hwang ),( Seung Woo Park ),( Eun Jeong Cho ),( Ga Yeon Lee ),( Eun Kyoung Kim ),( Sung-a Chang ),( Sung-ji Park ),( Sang-chol Lee ),( Cheol-in Kang ),( Doo Ryeon Chung ),( Kyong Ran Peck ),( 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.1

Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of nosocomial infective endocarditis (NIE) with community-acquired infective endocarditis (CIE) and to determine independent risk factors for in-hospital death. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 560 patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis. NIE was defined by a diagnosis made > 72 hours after hospital admission or within 2 months of hospital discharge. Results: Among the 560 cases reviewed, 121 were classified as NIE. Compared with patients with CIE, patients with NIE were older (mean ± SD, 51.30±18.01 vs. 59.76±14.87, p < 0.001). The in-hospital death rate of the NIE group was much higher than that of the CIE group (27.3% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001). More patients with NIE had central intravenous catheters, and were undergoing hemodialysis (p < 0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the most common causal microorganism of NIE, and MRSA (p < 0.001) and fungus (p = 0.002) were more common in NIE compared with CIE. On multiple analysis, age, liver cirrhosis, cancer chemotherapy, central intravenous catheter, hemodialysis, and genitourinary tract manipulation were independent clinical risk factors for NIE. Among the patients with NIE, 33 died during their hospital admission. The independent risk factors for in-hospital death were older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.07; p = 0.037) and chemotherapy for malignancy (adjusted OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.18 to 12.87; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Because of the considerable incidence of NIE and its poor prognosis, we should pay attention to early diagnosis and active management of NIE, especially for older patients and patients receiving chemotherapy.

흉통을 주소로 내원한 환자의 임상적 고찰

유인술,김철,김준식,조준필 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Chest pain is one of the most frequent complaints for which patients seek medical attention, and the evaluation of chest pain is among the most challenging problems in emergency department. Because it has the dangers of missing the diagnosis and little objective evidence. The potential harm resulting from the improper assessment and management of the patient with this complaint is enormous. So, on the basis of cause producing the chest pain we can take advantage for rapid and accurate diagnosis. We reviewed the 616 patient's records from Jul. 1994 to Jun. 1995. The result was: Cardiac Disease 321 (52.11%) (Acute Myocardial Infarction 33.02%, Angina 30.02%, Arrhythmia 9.03%, Myocardial Disease 7.79%, etc.), Pulmonary Disease 112 (18.18%), Psychiatric Disease 65 (10.55%), Gastrointestinal Disease 46 (7.47%), Musculoskeletal System Disease 17 (2.76%), Total Mortality Rate was 25 (4.06%) for chest pain and 7.79% in cardiac disease. Finally most common cause of chest pain was ischemic heart disease, but in Korea most of patients who suffer from chest pain did not recognize relationship between the chest pain and cardiac disease. Thus we concluded that knowledge of chest pain can be used for reducing the unexpected death and the financial costs for the diagnosis and delayed treatment, and we must advise relationship between risks of cardiac diseases and chest pain via the mass media.

SWOT분석에 의한 한국농협의 경제사업 활성화전략

김인철,허정수 호남대학교 대학원 2008 호남대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study is to establish revitalization strategies at business division of Korean Agricultural Cooperatives. The environment of Korean agriculture has severely changed by current international effects. Because of representative enterprise, the role of KACs is so important in agriculture economic environments. KACs has been maintained by two axises, which are banking and business division. Business division is the essential area of KACs, which is directly related with members of association and farmers. KACs as known as Nonghyup is needed to have innovational strategies to survive in open market. KACs is composed by NACF( National Agricultural Cooperative Federation) and Regional Agricultural Cooperatives. They need to combine one business division structure to expand and economize their values. The focus is that 7 strategies have to be done in KACs in order to accomplish Nonghyup reformation comparing with USA's cooperatives. 7 strategies are following: Fist, combine business divisions in NACF and Regional Agricultural Cooperatives to make vertical integration. Second, expand KACs' capital market share Third, raise the benefits of KACs' members. Fourth, make advantage of regional effects. Fifth, make the sub structure sufficiently Sixth, raise employees' capability at business division Seventh, raise the exports of agricultural products

가교제 및 pH 조절제가 수용성 아크릴 점착제의 점착 물성에 미치는 효과

서인선,엄홍철,이명천 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 2001 산업기술논문집 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구에서는 점착제의 유지력 개선과 pH 조절을 위해 각각 첨가해주는 가교제와 pH 조절제의 종류 및 첨가량이 수용성 아크릴 점착제의 점착 물성 및 수용성에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 중합된 점착 시료에 여러 가지 가교제와 pH 조절을 첨가해 준 후 초기점착력, 유지력 및 점착력 등의 점착 물성과 수용성을 측정하였다. 가교제를 0.2 wt% 미만 첨가해주었을 때, 초기 점착력은 감소하였고 유지력과 점착력은 증가하였다. 그러나 0.2 wt% 이상 첨가해주었을 때는 초기 점착력은 증가하였지만 유지력과 점착력은 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 pH 조절제를 첨가해주었을 때 pH 조절제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 초기점착력과 수용성은 감소하였고 점착력과 유지력은 증가하였으며, LiOH, KOH, NaOH 순으로 점착 물성과 수용성에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. In this paper, the effects of crosslinking agent and pH controlling agent on adhesive properties and water solubility of water soluble acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives were studied by adding the crosslinking agents of pH controlling agents after the polymerization. The tack, cohesive strength, and peel strength were measured to evaluate adhesive properties. Turbidity was also measured to evaluate water solubility of pressure sensitive adhesives. When the crosslinking agent was added less than 0.2 wt%, the tack increased and cohesive strength and peel strength decreased with increasing concentration. When the crosslinking agent was added more than 0.2 wt%, the results were opposite. When the pH controlling agent was added, the tack and water solubility decreased and peel strength and cohesive strength increased with increasing concentration. The influence of pH controlling agents of adhesive properties and water solubility of pressure sensitive adhesives increased in the order of lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

레진모형근관에서 엔진구동형 및 수동형 ProTaper 파일로 근관성형 후 근관형태 변화에 대한 비교연구

양인석,강인철,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.5

본 연구는 형태 및 재질이 동일한 엔진구동형 ProTaper 파일과 수동형 ProTaper 파일을 이용하여 레진모형근관을 성형한 후 근관형태 변화를 비교 분석하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 레진모형근관으로 총 40개의 J자와 S자의 근관형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOC을 사용하였다. 근관 성형 기구로는 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 ProTaper^(TM), 수동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 ProTaper^(®) For Hand Use를 사용하였다. 사용된 레진모형근관과 파일의 종류에 따라 10개씩 4개의 그룹으로 나누어 근관성형을 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전 · 후 이미지를 스캐너 (Color scanner, UMAX Techologies, Inc., USA)를 이용하여 얻은 후, Photoshop 7.0 프로그램 (Adobe System Inc., USA)을 이용하여 이미지를 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램 (Image-Pro^(®) Plus, Media Cybernetic, USA)을 이용하여 치근단 쪽에서부터 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 및 7 ㎜ 수준에서 근관 성형에 따른 근관의 내측 및 외측 폭경의 변화량, 근관 총폭경의 변화량, 근관 중심축의 변위량을 측정하였다. 또한 근관 성형 시간을 기록하였다. 두 기구 사이의 유의성 검정을 위해 독립 표본 t-검정을 시행하여, 근관 성형 시 수동형 ProTaper 파일에 엔진구동형 ProTaper 파일에 비해 근관 중심축의 변위가 유의하게 덜 일어나며 근관의 원래 형태를 더욱 잘 유지할 수 있지만, 근관 성형시간은 길어질 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. The purpose of this study was to compare the canal configuration after shaping by ProTaper rotary files and ProTaper hand files in resin simulated canals. Forty resin simulated canals with a curvature of J-shape and S-shape were divided into four groups by 10 blocks each. Simulated root canals in resin block were prepared by ProTaper rotary files and ProTaper hand files using a crown-down pressureless technique. All simulated canals were prepared up to size #25 file at end-point of preparation. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were recorded with color scanner. Assessment of canal shape was completed with an image analysis program. Measurements were made at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ㎜ from the apex. At each level, outer canal width, inner canal width, total canal width, and amount of transportation from original axis were recorded. Instrumentation time was recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using independent t-test. The result was that ProTaper hand files cause significantly less canal transportation from original axis of canal body and maintain original canal configuration better than ProTaper rotary files, however ProTaper hand files take more shaping time.

O-링 테스터의 측정팁 구조개선

최기훈,여인철,김영탁 중앙대학교 미래신기술연구소 2001 미래신기술연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

It is usual that the medical examination of human body need special knowledge and equipments. Thus we have to spend time and energy on going to special place such as hospital where doctors and equipment are. Which often cause missing a good chance of medical treatment as well as giving us inconvenience. However may simple and convenient equipments were developed for checking our health conditions recently. O-ring test is accepted as one of useful methods to examine our health conditions. Also the test is recognized as a useful means to judge if some medical substances or foods are beneficial or harmful to our health without any special equipment and medical knowledge. An automatic O-ring test machine has been developed[11]. However the tester have a problem that the pattern of applied force to the O-ring is different from that of manual case. In this study, the reaction force tip is modified and the validity of the tip is verified through experiments.

유아교육 및 보육 경험의 장기 효과

김기헌(Ki Hun Kim),신인철(In Chol Shin) 한국사회학회 2012 韓國社會學 Vol.46 No.5

이 연구는 유아교육 및 보육 경험이 초등학교에서 중학교에 이르는 기간 동안 사회성 발달 및 학업성취도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지 여부를 살펴보았다. 어린이집이나 유치원 같은 유아교육 및 보육시설 경험의 인과적 효과성을 입증하기 위해 이 연구는 미경험자와 경험자의 선정에 있어 무작위성(randomness)을 확보할 수 있는 매칭 방법(matching methods)으로 CEM(Coarsened Exact Matching) 방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 한국 청소년 패널조사(KYPS) 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 유아교육 및 보육 경험은 유치원의 경우 또래 관계 및 학업성취도에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 효과를 보여주고 있으나 어린이집의 경우 미경험 집단과 비교해 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 선행 연구들에서 밝혀진 생애초기 유아교육 및 보육의 장기 효과를 증명하는 동시에 경험하는 시설 유형에 따라 그 효과가 다를 수 있음을 말해준다. 이 연구는 유아교육 및 보육의 장기 효과를 밝혀낸 것으로 생애초기 교육 및 보육 지원 확대의 근거를 밝혀냈다는 데 의의가 있으며 정책적 측면에서 어린이집의 장기효과가 발견되지 않았다는 점과 관련하여 유치원과 어린이집으로 이원화된 체계를 단순 통합하는 것 이상으로 두 시설들 의 질적 차이를 개선할 필요가 있음을 지적하였다. This study has analyzed that kindergarten and child care centers can improve the social development and academic achievement of elementary and middle school students in 5th to 8th grade using Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) data and random effects generalized ordered probit model. We have used the matching method(Coarsened Exact Matching) that is a non-parametric method of preprocessing data for reducing imbalance between the treated and control group. As a result, we found kindergarten to produce a long-term effect on peer relationships and academic achievement in regards to reading, foreign language, and math test scores from 5th to 8th grade. Additionally, we found that child care centers show no effect on social and cognitive development. These results show that preschool programs produce positive effects on children’s social skills and learning ability, however those effects vary in size and persistence depending on the type of program the student participated in. This study suggests that well-designed preschool education programs produce long-term improvements in academic success. Thus public policy makers should put more effort into reducing the gap of qualities existing within kindergarten and child care centers.

수종의 근관세척액과 Listerine의 항균성 비교 연구

김영훈,강민경,최은경,양소영,양인석,강인철,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.6

본 연구는 여러 가지 근관세척액(NaOCl, CHX, EDTA)과 구강세정제로 사용되는 Listerine을 근관감염균주인 Porphyromonas gingivalis와 Enterococcus faecalis를 상대로 항균효과를 비교하고 Listerine이 근관세척액으로 사용가능한지를 확인하고자 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 3327과 Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212의 표준균주를 사용하였다. 실험을 위한 근관세척제로 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 2% Chlorhexidine(CHX)과 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5.25% NaOCl, 0.5M EDTA(18.6% EDTA). 그리고 Listerine원액을 이용하였다. 항균효과의 비교는 액체배지상에서 균주의 혼탁도와 한천 확산법을 이용한 억제대 비교로 하였다. 모든 실험군은 대조군과 비교시 근관내 균주에 항균성을 나타냈다(p < 0.001). 모든 농도의 NaOCl, CHX, 그리고 EDTA는 실험균주에서 높은 항균성을 보였다. 모든 실험에서 Listerine은 다른 근관세척제에 비해 낮은 항균성을 보였다. 결론적으로, Listerine이 E. faecalis와 P. gingivalis에 대해 항균성을 보이나, 일반적으로 사용되는 근관세척 액에 비해서는 현저히 낮은 항균성을 나타냄으로 근관세척 액으로 사용은 적합하지 않음을 나타냈다. The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial effect of Listerine on two microorganisms (P. gingivalis and E. faecalis) with various root canal irrigants (NaOCl, CHX, EDTA) and to identify possibility of using Listerine as a root canal irrigant. Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 3327 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were used in this experiment. For the test irrigants, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5.25% NaOCl, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 2% CHX, 0.5M EDTA (18.6% EDTA) and Listerine were prepared. Distiled water was used as control. Two methods-1) Comparison of turbidity in broth and 2) Agar diffusion test-were used to determine the extent of antibacterial effect of Listerine and to compare it with that of NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA. All solutions tested were effective against two bacterial strains compared with control (p < 0.001). Any concentration of NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA showed similarly high effectiveness against all bacterial strains. In all experiment, Listerine showed significantly low antibacterial effect compared with the other root canal irrigants (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results reflect remarkably low antibacterial effect of Listerine as compared with root canal irrigants in general so it is not suitable for the root canal irrigant.

反轉形 VCVS의 補償方式에 관한 考察

申仁澈 단국대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Mean of compensating for the finite gain bandwidth of operational amplifier by using only one capacitor and one resistor, when used in inverting voltage controlled voltage source is described. It is shown that phase shifts and gain errors contributed by imperfect operational amplifiers are virtually eliminated over an extended frequency range. Experimantal results are presented.