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Evaluation and Future Prospect of U.S. Return to Work Policies for Social Security Beneficiaries
Susanne M. Bruyere,Thomas P. Golden,Ilene Zeitzer 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원 2007 장애와 고용 Vol.17 No.1
In the United States(U.S.), since 1985 the Social Security Administration(SSA) Disability Insurance(DI) program has experienced significant growth in the number of people receiving disability benefits, such that by 2005, some 6.5 million disabled workers were drawing benefits. Since that time, except for a few years, the number of applications and new benefit awards has continued a constant, often significant growth, with awards tending to keep pace with new applications. As would be expected, this growth has resulted in spiraling expenditures, in large part because once on the benefit rolls, very few ever leave for any reason, but particularly not because of return to work. The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the United States public program efforts, particularly those of the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), to promote employment and return to work by Americans with disabilities. The authors focus on the various programmatic and policy changes aimed at encouraging work and reducing existing barriers to employment by persons with disabilities. The context within which Social Security Insurance program for persons with disabilities operates in the U.S. is described, as are SSA’s disability program and definition of disability, Social Security Disability Insurance(SSDI), Supplemental Security Income(SSI), and existing work incentives for each. Also presented are the new work incentives available through the more recent legislation entitled the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act, including expedited reinstatement of benefits, Medicaid Buy-in, and extended Medicare coverage. The article concludes with a description of some complementary government programs to further address these issues, and suggested approaches to research, practice applications, and key policy issues and implications.
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Ho, Shaun Siong Chung,Keenan, Jacqueline Ilene,Day, Andrew Stewart The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: To assess parent perspectives of the current and potential future tests for their child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: New Zealand parents of a child with IBD were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Experiences relating to their child's blood or faecal tests, medical imaging (abdominal ultrasound [US], abdominal computerised tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance enterography) and colonoscopy were collected. Perceived attitudes to potential future testing of urine, saliva, and breath, were sought. Results: Twenty-eight parents, 93% female completed the survey, and 86% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Baseline information was provided by parents for 27 of 28 children, 70.3% had Crohn's disease with a mean disease duration of 2.67 years. Blood tests were the most requested and completed tests, while CT was the least ordered and most refused test. Colonoscopy was rated as the least comfortable and generated the most worry. Explanation of test significantly improved parent's levels of understanding when their child had blood, faecal, imaging (US) or colonoscopy tests. Providing an explanation, test invasiveness and the impact of the blood results may have on their child's treatment significantly improved parents' comfort levels. However, explanation of colonoscopy generated a significant parental concerns. Saliva, urine and blood tests were chosen as the most preferred disease monitoring tests. Conclusion: Parents preferred any tests less invasive than colonoscopy for monitoring their child's IBD. Although providing explanation of their child's tests enhanced parents' understanding, it can also affect parents' levels of concern and comfort.
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Evaluation and Future Prospect of US Return to Work Policies for Social Security Beneficiaries
Bruyére, Susanne M.,Golden, Thomas P.,Zeitzer, Ilene 한국장애인고용촉진공단 고용개발원 2007 장애와 고용 Vol.17 No.1
1985년 이후 미국 사회보장청(SSA)의 장애연금(DI) 프로그램 수급자 수는 급격히 증가했으며 2005년에는 6백5십만 명의 근로장애인이 연금을 받았다. 이후, 몇 년을 제외하고는 연금 신청자수와 신장애연금 수급자의 수는 일정한, 때때로 의미 있는 증가가 이루어졌다. 이와 같은 수급자 급증은 정부지출 증가 결과를 초래했다. 그 이유는 일단 한번 수급자로 선정된 이상 어떤 이유 - 특히 취업 - 로든 수급 자격을 포기하지 않으려 하기 때문이다. 본 논문의 목적은 장애인의 고용촉진 및 직장복귀 공공프로그램, 특히 미 사회보청정 프로그램의 현황을 파악하는 것이다. 연구자들은 장애인의 고용을 촉진하고 현존하는 취업장벽을 제거하기 위해 실시하는 다양한 프로그램과 정책변화를 집중 조명했다. 미국 내의 장애인 사회보장 프로그램 운영 배경, 사회보장청 장애프로그램, 장애의 정의, 장애연금(SSDI), 보충적 사회보장(SSI), 현 고용인센티브 프로그램 등을 다뤘다. 또한 최근 근로바우처제도및고용인센티브법(Ticket to Work and Work Incentive Improvement Act)에 따른 신고용인센티브, 연금회복제도, 의료보호구매제도(Medicaid Buy-in), 의료보호 연장적용 등을 살펴보았다. 결론에서는 본문에서 제시한 문제를 보완할 수 있는 정부정책을 제안하고 연구방법, 현장적용, 정책 현안과 시사점을 제시했다. In the Unlted States(U.S.), slnce 1985 the Social Security Administration(SSA) Disability Insurance(DI) Program has experienced significant growth in the number of people receiving disability benefits, such that by 2005, some 6.5 million disabled workers were drawing benefits. Since that time, except for a few years, the number of applications and new benefit awards has continued a constant, often significant growth, with awards tending to keep pace with new applications. As would be expected, this growth has resulted in spiraling expenditures, in large part because once on the benefit rolls, very few ever leave for any reason, but particularly not because of return to work. The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the United States public program efforts, Particularly those of the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), to promote employment and return to work by Americans with disabilities. The authors focus on the various programmatic and policy changes aimed at encouraging work and reducing existing barriers to employment by persons with disabilities. The context wlthin which Social Security Insurance program for persons with disabilities operates in the U.S. is described, as are SSA's disability program and definition of disability, Social Security Disability Insurance(SSDI), Supplemental Security Income(SSI), and existing work incentives for each. Also presented are the new work Incentives Improvement Act, including expedited reinstatement of benefits, Medicaid Buy-in, and extended Medicare coverage. The article concludes with a description of some complementary government programs to further address these issues, and suggested approaches to research, practice applications, and key policy issues and implications.
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