이중주어 구문에 대한 분석

이익환 연세대학교 한국어학당 1987 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.12 No.1

This paper attempts to provide the syntax and semantics of the so-called 'double subject constructions' in Korean, within the framework of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, introduced in works such as Pullum (1982), Pollard (1984, 1985a,b), Gazdar, Klein, Pullum & Sag (1985), and Ik-Hwan Lee (1985a, b). In particular, the present paper discusses the types of sentences exemplified in (1) and (2). (1) Cheolswu ka meli ka coh ta. SP head SP good DP 'Cheolswu is bright.' (2) Cheolswu ka Mica ka coh ta. SP SP good DP 'Cheolswu is fond of Mica.' Notice that in (1), and similarly in (2), the two NP's are marked by the subject case particle. In order to account for this construction, several analyses have been proposed within the tradition of generative grammar, and recently altanative analyses have been proposed in the framework of GPSG. This paper examines several previous analyses, and notes important problems in them. In order to resolve the noted problems; the present paper subcategorizes adjectives such as cho 'good' into intransitive adjectives and transitive ones. This distinction has an important semantic consequence. Furthermore, for the constructions such as (1), an abstract discourse predicate (DSP) is postulated and its translation is appropriately provided. To conclude, it is hoped that the paper has shown the effectiveness of GPSG, with the suggested revision and extension, in a proper treatment of double subject constructions in Korean.

어휘의 사용과 의미 구조

김익환 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2000 국제학논총 Vol.5 No.-

Language has been viewed as communicating meanings through the medium of concepts. On this view, each lexical item is associated with a concept Knowing a ward involves various kinds of word knowledge. Increasing knowledge of one word knowledge aspect could help improve knowledge of related aspects. The different kinds of word knowledge are interrelated. Frequency is related to formality in that more frequent words tend to be less formal, and tend to be more formal. Thus, greater awareness of formality is likely to be somewhat related to awareness of a word's frequency of occurrence, even if this awareness is unconscious. Words have a core meaning that is relatively universal and is likely to be acquired before other figurative meanings, prototype theory has been developed to explain how people deal with fuzzy meaning. The theory proposes that the mind uses a typical "best example" of a concept. This paper surveyed some of the important research findings about meaning organization and register knowledge. Register is a complex set of informations that is affected by many different factors. Register is connected with the paradigmatic issue of getting things done with language. This paper also examined association research that indicates the nature of meaning organization. Word association studies suggest that words are organized in the mind. This organization changes as one matures or as one's language proficiency increases.

유도 '되치기 본'의 개선 방안에 관한 연구

김의환,김도준,김규수,김관현,김종달,최종삼,조용철,박순진,윤익선,안병근,정 훈,김미정,한성철 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1999 武道硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to reform practically a Korean Judo's Doechigi-Bon(Forms of Counterattack, judo's Gaeshi no Kata, Judo's Uradori no Kata, Judo's Gonosen no Kata) that was established in 1955 Korea, according to changing of techniques by Judo's modernization, in order to have Judo's carefulness and systematic diffusion. Reform procedure of Judo's Doechigi-Bon was 1st stage, Questionnaire survey 303 judokas, 2nd stage, Technical seminar by judo experts(12 judo professor) 4 times, 3rd stage, wording report for reform, 4rd stage, Discussion and judgement of Teaching and Judgement commission of Korean judo Association(KJA), 5th stage, Public hearing for reform in KJA, 6th stage, Report and decision of board of directors in KJA, 7th stage, public publication of Judo News(No.53) in KJA. Basic principle of reform of Judo's Doechigi-Bon were as table 1. Table 1. Basic principle of reform of Judo's Doechigi-Bon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Items Reformed Key Points of Judo's Doechigi-Bon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Structure 1) Grand classification : Classified by 3 parts(1,2,3Gyo) 2)Medium classification : Te waza, Goshi waza, Ashi waza devided per each part(Gyo) 3)Sub-classification : Classified five techniques per each part(Gyo) 2. Contents 1) Selected established techniques as possible 2) Considered rationalty and overlapping of counterattack techniques 3. Decision of Conterattack techniques 1) Refered to results of Basic Questionnaire survey 2) Priority to decisions of Judo expert technical seminar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reformed Korean Judo's Doechigi-Bon(Forms of Counterattack techniques-KJA, 1999) are as follows: 1. Gyo; ① Uki otoshi -> Uchi mata ② Harai goshi -> Harai goshi gaeshi ③ O soto gari -> O soto gake ④ Ko uchi gari -> Sasae tsurikomi ashi ⑤ O uchi gari -> Ko soto gari 2. Gyo; ① Ippon seoi nage -> Okuri eri jime ② Tsuri domi goshi -> Uki waza ③ Okuri ashi harai -> Okuri ashi harai ④ Ko soto gari -> Tai otoshi ⑤ Hiza guruma -> Hiza guruma 3. Gyo; ① Kata guruma -> Sumi gaeshi ② Tai otoshi -> Ko soto gari ③ Hane goshi -> Harai tsurikomi ashi ④ Uchi mata -> Tai otoshi ⑤ Tomoe nage -> O uchi gari

HVPM의 카오스 신호와 치환동기

이익수,여지환 한국정보전략학회 1999 추계공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.01

본 논문에서는 카오스 현상을 나타내는 수식을 변형하여 암호시스템이나 PN(pseudo-noise)시퀀스에 적용하기 위하여 복잡한 카오스 신호를 발생시키는 하이퍼카오스 VP사상(HVPM, Hyper chaos Volume Preserving Maps)과 이들간의 카오스 동기화를 제안한다. 단계별 모듈러(modulus)함수를 이용하여 랜덤한 카오스 신호를 발생시키기 위하여 이산시간(discrete-time) HVPM 모델을 설정하고, 수치해석 실험드로 아날로그 카오틱 시퀀스(CAS. chaotic analong sequence)의 특징을 분석한다. 그리고 HVPM의 신호를 기존의 단순한 PC(Pecora, Carroll)방법을 응용한 치환동기화 (synchronous substitution)를 이용하여 구동 및 응답시스템간의 카오스 동기화(chaos synchronization) 제어를 한다. 수치실험에서 카오스 신호가 갖는 특징들을 확인할 수 있었으며, 치환동기시스템에서 효과적인 카오스 동기화가 수행됨을 증명할 수 있었다.

영어의 수동구문과 문태규 문법

이익환 서울대학교 어학연구소 1981 語學硏究 Vol.17 No.2

This paper attempts to provide a syntactic and semantic analysis of passive operations in order to provide a proper treatment of the various types of passive constructions in English. In section 2, it is argued that one syntactic rule of passive is not sufficient. In section 3, the phrasal type of passive rule is critically examined. It is argued that a lexical rule, as well as a phrasal rule, is necessary. In section 4 and 5, two types of passive rules are formalized under the framework of Montague grammar, taking the previous formalizations into consideration. The formulated rules are illustrated with appropriate examples showing detailed syntactic delivations and accompanying translations. In sections 6 through 8, several problematic examples are examined and suggestions are provided for an approriate treatment of the examples. It is concluded that two types of rules are necessary for a satisfactory account of the passive constructions in English.

카오스 뉴랄네트워크의 동기화를 기반으로 한 주파수확산 통신

이익수,여지환,이동록 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1997 科學技術硏究 Vol.4 No.2

In this paper, spread spectrum communication system based on chaotic carrier sequence are considered and simulated for their security and robustness in the presence of additive noise, system parameters variance and other interferences_ And chaotic synchronization in chaotic neural network and its possible application to secure communication are discussed. Toshimitsu Ushio has recently shown that it is possible to synchronize one-dimensional chaotic neural networks with weight connection by utilizing feedback control techniques. Thus their networks are used as transmitter and receiver circuits in chaotic communication schemes. We have verified the secure communication method experimentally for applying to analog speech signal using two chaotic synchronized neurons. The implementation of spread spectrum communications technique results in reliable performance in the presence of considerable system perturbation and noise in the channel.

영어문법 이론의 철학적 배경

이익환 연세대학교 영어영문학과 1982 영어영문학연구 Vol.6 No.-

영어 핵심어휘의 특성과 원형이론

金益煥 한국영어교육연구학회 1999 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.19

This paper examined various syntactic, phonological, morphological characteristics of core vocabulary in English. The study also investigated how grasping the meaning involves knowing the prototype, and the ranking of items in relation to it. Advantages and problems of the prototype theory were presented and discussed. Core relates to meanings of a particular word which are most central, primary, or invariant. A prototype is a best instance example of a concept. The distinction between core and non-core vocabulary is an important feature of the basic structure of the lexicon of a language. It is useful framework for discussing stylistic and expressive effects in vocabulary use. When humans group objects into categories, they set up a prototype - the most typical example. The prototype theory has implications that when people grasp the meaning of a word, they automatically activate their subconscious ranking system. The findings of this study show that core words are distributed over a range of different spoken and written text. They tend to be more irregular. Core words serve the needs of the most general expression. Core vocabulary has greater relevance to teaching vocabulary in the initial rather than advanced stages of language learning. Prototype theory explains how people cope with extended usages and metaphor. It also raises a few questions about how prototypes are acquired. Understanding the prototype is in fact a more complex process than was once thought, since prototype effects may have different causes.

趙芝薰硏究(II) : 「餘韻」의 意味

徐益煥 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1984 韓國學論集 Vol.6 No.-

A poet, Cho Chi-hoon has tried to establish his unique poetry realm through his long artistic life from 1939 when he made his debut by 「Moon-Jang」to 1964 in which 「Yeo-Woon」, an anthology of the poet's poems. Energetic as he was in his scholarship, he has continuously sought for his poetic world since Korea's restoration of independence in 1945. It is recognized that his poetic contributions to the extension of the poetic world is to connect the poetic realm of 1930's with that of 1950's along with the poet called "Chung-Rok" which includes Pak Mok-weol and Pak Doo-jin. It is, therefore, very useful to study 「Yeo-Woon」in order to comprehend the poetry world and changing process of the poet's spirit. As a matter of fact, he has greater affection toward his country than any other artist during the long period in which Korea was subject to Japan. He did not resist Japan fiercely, on the contrary he had sung Korean people's grief through his poems. His poetic world may be classified into three setions: the world fo the natural beauty and Oriental lyri-cism, that of the aesthetics based upon Buddhism, and that of his historic and social resistance against the inconsistency and irratio-nality caused mainly by Koran tragedy after the country's indepe-ndence. 「Yeo-Woon」, the anthology of the poet's poems, represents the changing process of his artistic realm just mentioned above. This essay, therefore, has the chief purpose to search for the changing process and examine closely his value as a poet by analyzing the book. Finally I want to make it public in this essay that the poet's position in the currency of poetry history will be well re-establi-shed and accordingly the appraisal valuatin of his poetic impo-rtance will be actively done among many critics.

Vermicomposting에 의한 음식물쓰레기와 돈분의 처리

조익환 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2003 생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.1

This research was made to estimate the optimum mixing rate of swine manure and food waste investigating effect that get the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworm and productivity of earthworm casts at processing process when handled swine manure and food waste by vermicomposting, in order to establish treatment system of organic wastes by vermicomosting. Survival rate of earthworm was highest in the mixing rate 80-100 % : 20-0 % of swine manure and food waste, and the increasing rate was highest in swine manure 100%, and the number of young worms, the weight of young worms and the productivity of earthworm casts in plots more than the mixing rate 60% of swine manure were significantly higher than in the other treatment plots (p<0.05, Table 1). Also, Carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) of earthworm cast was suitable by 13.9-14.1% in plots more than the mixing rate 60% of swine manure (Table 2).