Effectiveness of the Microlux/DLTM Chemiluminescence Device in Screening of Potentially Malignant and Malignant Oral Lesions

Ibrahim, Suzan Seif,Al-Attas, Safia Ali,Darwish, Zeinab Elsayed,Amer, Hala Abbas,Hassan, Mona Hassan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of Microlux/DL with and without toluidine blue in screening of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic clinical trial clinical examination was carried out by two teams: 1) two oral medicine consultants, and 2) two general dentists. Participants were randomly and blindly allocated for each examining team. A total of 599 tobacco users were assessed through conventional oral examination (COE); the examination was then repeated using Microlux/DL device and toluidine blue. Biopsy of suspicious lesions was performed. Also clinicians opinions regarding the two tools were obtained. Results: The sensitivity and, specificity and positive predictive value (PVP) of Microlux/DL for visualization of suspicious premalignant lesions considering COE as a gold standard (i.e screening device) were 94.3%, 99.6% and 96.2% respectively, while they were 100%, 32.4% and 17.9% when considering biopsy as a gold standard. Moreover, Microlux/DL enhanced detection of the lesion and uncovered new lesions compared to COE, whereas it did not alter the provisional clinical diagnosis, or alter the biopsy site. On the other hand, adding toluidine blue dye did not improve the effectiveness of the Microlux/DL system. Conclusions: The Microlux/DL seems to be a promising adjunctive screening device.

Machine learning and RSM models for prediction of compressive strength of smart bio-concrete

Hassan Amer Algaifi,Suhaimi Abu Bakar,Rayed Alyousef,Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam,Ali S. Alqarni,M.H. Wan Ibrahim,Shahiron Shahidan,Mohammed Ibrahim,Babatunde Abiodun Salami 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.28 No.4

In recent years, bacteria-based self-healing concrete has been widely exploited to improve the compressive strength of concrete using different bacterial species. However, both the identification of the optimal involved reaction parameters and theoretical framework information are still limited. In the present study, both experimentally and numerical modelling using machine learning (ANN and ANFIS) and response surface methodology (RSM) were implemented to evaluate and optimse the evolution of bacterial concrete strength. Therefore, a total of 58 compressive strength tests of the concrete incorporating new bacterial species were designed using different concentrations of urea, cells concentration, calcium, nutrient and time. Based on the results, the compressive strength of the bacterial concrete improved by 16% due to the decrement of the pore percentage in the concrete skin; specifically, 5 mm from the concrete surface, compared to that of the control concrete. In the same context, both machine the learning and RSM models indicated that the optimal range of urea, calcium, nutrient and bacterial cells were (18-23 g/L), (150-350 mM), (1-3 g/L) and 2×107 cells/mL, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis, RMSE, <i>R</i>², MPE, RAE and RRSE were (0.793, 0.785), (0.985, 0.986), (1.508, 1.1), (0.11, 0.09) and (0.121, 0.12) from both the ANN and ANFIS models, respectively, while; the following values (0.839, 0.972, 1.678, 0.131 and 0.165) was obtained from RSM model, respectively. As such, it can be concluded that a high correlation and minimum error were obtained, however, machine learning models provided more accurate results compared to that of the RSM model.

Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified proteins as immune enhancers to rabies vaccine and related immuno-histopathological alterations

Rania Ibrahim Shebl,Mohamed E. Amer,Tamer M. M. Abuamara,Emadeldin R. Matar,Hassan Fathy Ahmed,Tamer Albasyoni Gomah,Laila E. El Moselhy,Mohammed Abu-Elghait,Aly Fahmy Mohamed 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.3

Purpose: One of the essential goals regarding the successful control of rabies infection is the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine. the current study aimed to evaluate the inactivation potential of β-propiolactone (βPL), binary ethyleneimine (BEI), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Materials and Methods: Estimating the inactivation kinetics of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 revealed that the tested inactivants could completely and irreversibly inactivate rabies virus within 2, 12, and 4 hours, respectively while maintaining its viral immunogenicity. The potency of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 inactivated vaccines was higher than the World Health Organization acceptance limit and were in the order of 3.75, 4.21, and 3.64 IU/mL, respectively. Monitoring the humoral and cellular immunity elicited post-immunization using Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid (HA) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified protein derivative (PPD) adjuvanted rabies vaccine candidates were carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Results demonstrated that both adjuvants could progressively enhance the release of anti-rabies total immunoglobulin G as well as the pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma and interleukin-5) relative to time. However, a higher immune response was developed in the case of HA adjuvanted rabies vaccine compared to PPD adjuvanted one. The harmful consequences of the tested adjuvants were considered via investigating the histopathological changes in the tissues of the immunized rats using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Lower adverse effects were observed post-vaccination with HA and PPD adjuvanted vaccines compared to that detected following administration of the currently used alum as standard adjuvant. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that HA and PPD could serve as a promising platform for the development of newly adjuvanted rabies vaccines with elevated immune enhancing potentials and lower risk of health hazards.

A mechanical behavior of composite plates using a simple three variable refined plate theory

Ahmed Bakoura,Ibrahim Klouche Djedid,Fouad Bourada,Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla,S.R. Mahmoud,Abdelouahed Tounsi,Mofareh Hassan Ghazwani,Ali Alnujaie 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.5

A novel three variable refined plate theory (TVRPT) is developed in this article for laminated composite plates for the first time. The theory takes into account the nonlinear variation of transverse shear deformations, and satisfies the boundary conditions of zero traction on the plate surfaces without considering the “shear correction factor”. The important characteristic of this new kinematic is that the unknowns numbers is only 3 as is employed in “classical plate theory” (CPT). The numerical results of the current theory are compared with 3D-elasticity solutions and the calculations of “first order theories” and other higher order models found in the literature.

Prevalence of Potentially Malignant Oral Mucosal Lesions among Tobacco Users in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Al-Attas, Safia Ali,Ibrahim, Suzan Seif,Amer, Hala Abbas,Darwish, Zeinab El-Said,Hassan, Mona Hassan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Smoking is recognized as a health problem worldwide and there is an established tobacco epidemic in Saudi Arabia as in many other countries, with tobacco users at increased risk of developing many diseases. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal, potentially malignant or malignant, lesions associated with tobacco use among a stratified cluster sample of adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A sample size of 599 was collected and each participant underwent clinical conventional oral examination and filled a questionnaire providing information on demographics, tobacco use and other relevant habits. The most common form of tobacco used was cigarette smoking (65.6 %) followed by Shisha or Moasel (38.1%), while chewing tobacco, betel nuts and gat accounted for 21-2%, 7.7%, and 5% respectively. A high prevalence (88.8%) of soft tissue lesions was found among the tobacco users examined, and a wide range of lesions were detected, about 50% having hairy tongue, 36% smoker's melanosis, 28.9% stomatitis nicotina, 27% frictional keratosis, 26.7% fissured tongue, 26% gingival or periodontal inflammation and finally 20% leukodema. Suspicious potentially malignant lesions affected 10.5% of the subjects, most prevalent being keratosis (6.3%), leukoplakia (2.3%), erythroplakia (0.7%), oral submucous fibrosis (0.5%) and lichenoid lesions (0.4%), these being associated with male gender, lower level of education, presence of diabetes and a chewing tobacco habit. It is concluded that smoking was associated with a wide range of oral mucosal lesions, those suspicious for malignancy being linked with chewable forms, indicating serious effects.

Dexmedetomidine during suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block for pediatric cleft palate repair, randomized double-blind controlled study

Mohamed F. Mostafa,Fatma A. Abdel Aal,Ibrahim Hassan Ali,Ahmed K. Ibrahim,Ragaa Herdan 대한통증학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.33 No.1

Background: For children with cleft palates, surgeries at a young age are necessary to reduce feeding or phonation difficulties and reduce complications, especially respiratory tract infections and frequent sinusitis. We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine might prolong the postoperative analgesic duration when added to bupivacaine during nerve blocks. Methods: Eighty patients of 1-5 years old were arbitrarily assigned to two equal groups (forty patients each) to receive bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks. Group A received bilateral 0.2 mL/kg bupivacaine (0.125%; maximum volume 4 mL/side). Group B received bilateral 0.2 mL/kg bupivacaine (0.125%) + 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine (maximum volume 4 mL/side). Results: The modified children’s hospital of Eastern Ontario pain scale score was significantly lower in group B children after 8 hours of follow-up postoperatively (P < 0.001). Mean values of heart rate and blood pressure were significantly different between the groups, with lower mean values in group B (P < 0.001). Median time to the first analgesic demand in group A children was 10 hours (range 8-12 hr), and no patients needed analgesia in group B. The sedation score assessment was higher in children given dexmedetomidine (P = 0.03) during the first postoperative 30 minutes. Better parent satisfaction scores (5-point Likert scale) were recorded in group B and without serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Addition of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg to bupivacaine 0.125% has accentuated the analgesic efficacy of bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block in children undergoing primary cleft palate repair with less postoperative supplemental analgesia or untoward effects.

Utilization of Oil Palm Decanter Cake for Cellulase and Polyoses Production

Mohamad Nafis Abdul Razak,Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim,Phang Lai Yee,Mohd Ali Hassan,Suraini Abd-Aziz 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3

The abundance of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC) is a problem in oil palm mills. However, this lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized for cellulase and polyoses production. The effectiveness of chemical and physical pretreatment in reducing the lignin content was studied by saccharification using a Celluclast 1.5 L and scanning electron microscope. Physicochemical pretreatment of OPDC with 1% (w/v) NaOH and autoclaving at 121oC for 20 min increased potential polyoses produced to 52.5%and removed 28.7% of the lignin content. The optimized conditions for cellulase production by a locally isolated fungus were a time of 120 h, a substrate of untreated OPDC,a spore concentration of 1 × 107 spore/mL, a temperature of 30oC, and a pH between 7.0 and 7.5. Trichoderma asperellum UPM1 produced carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase),β-glucosidase and filter paper activity (FPase) in the following concentrations: 17.35, 0.53, and 0.28 U/mL,respectively. Aspergillus fumigatus UPM2 produced the CMCase, β-glucosidase and FPase in the following amounts: 10.93, 0.76, and 0.24 U/mL. The cellulases from T. asperellum UPM1 produced 2.33 g/L of polyoses and the cellulases from A. fumigatus UPM2 produced 4.37 g/L of polyoses.