Cyclic AMP analog와 PGE2가 마우스 조골세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

김형룡,김장숙 원광대학교 생체재료·매식연구소 1996 원광생체재료·매식 Vol.5 No.2

To maintain its functional integrity, bone is continuously remodelled by a process involving resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In order to respond to changes in the physical environment or to trauma with the relevant action, this process is strictly regulated by locally synthesized or systemic fators. Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) is perhaps one of the best studied of these factors, having been known to affect bone cell function for several decades. PGE_2 has both anabolic and catabolic activities. Excess levels of PGE_2 have been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss such as a number of chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. PGE_2 and other arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to be potent stimulators of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ culture. The anabolic effects of PGE_2 were first noticed when an increase in periosteal woven bone formation was seen after the infusion of PGE_2 into infants in order to prevent closure of the ductus arteriosus. The cellular basis for the catabolic actions of PGE_2 has been well characterized. PGE_2 increase osteoclast recruitment in bone marrow cell cultures. PGE_2 also has a direct action on osteoclast serving to inhibit activity and can also indirectly activate osteoclast via other cells in the vicinity, presumably osteoblast. The cellular mechanisms for the anabolic actions of PGE_2 are not nearly so well understood. The purpose of this paper is to study the anabolic actions of PGE_2 on osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells. The effects of DBcAMP and PGE_2 on the induction of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was investigated in osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells cultured in medium containing 0.4% fetal bovine serum. DBcAMP and PGE_2 stimulated ALP activity and MTT assay in the cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10-500ng/ml. Cycloheximide, protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the stimulative effect of PGE_2 and DBcAMP on ALP activity in the cells. PGE_2 also increased the intracellular cAMP content in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximal effect at 500ng/ml. Our present results suggest that PGE_2 stimulate the differentiation of osteoblasts and are involved in bone formation in vivo, as well as in bone resorption.

Cyclic AMP analog와 PGE₂가 마우스 조골세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

김형룡 대한골대사학회 1996 대한골대사학회지 Vol.3 No.1

한국·홍콩·싱가폴 호텔기업의 인터넷웹사이트 비교에 관한 연구

이형룡,홍준 세종대학교 관광산업연구소 2002 호텔관광경영연구 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to present more effective ways of using the Internet website for hotel industry in Korea. To achieve the goal of this study attempted to compare Internet website of hotel companies among Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore. The structure of this study is as follows. The first chapter shows the background and the purpose of this study, the second chapter deal with literature review on the general concept of the Internet website and the Internet website as a commercial medium. The third chapter describes Information Flow Model on the Internet website. This is framework for the empirical study classified three stages: the one-way communication stage, the interactive communication stage and the transaction stage, the fourth chapter was delineated the method and the results of the empirical investigation and in the final chapter, it was the overall conclusions of this study. According to the result of this study, Korean hotel companies seems to be using the Internet website as a public relation and customer support tool rather than as a sales tool to create for the actual benefit. To improve a function as a sales tool in Korean hotel companies' Internet website suggestions are: First, to sale hotel gift certificates on the Internet website, second, to develop Internet website considered to offer convenience to customer, finally, to make reliable Internet website, which guarantee secure customer information with expansion of security.

Prostaglandin E_2 와 Phorbol Myristate Acetate가 조골세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

김형룡,김장숙 원광대학교 생체재료·매식연구소 1996 원광생체재료·매식 Vol.5 No.2

PGE_2 has both anabolic and catabolic activities. Excess levels of PGE_2 have been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss such as a number of chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. PGE_2 and other arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to be potent stimulators of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ culture. The anabolic effects of PGE_2 were first noticed when an increase in periosteal woven bone formation was seen after the infusion of PGE_2 into infants in order to prevent closure of the ductus arteriosus. The cellular basis for the catabolic actions of PGE_2 has been well characterized. PGE_2 increases osteoclast recruitment in bone marrow cell cultures. PGE_2 also has a direct action on osteoclast serving to inhibit activity and can also indirectly activate osteoclast via other cells in the vicinity, presumably osteoblast. PKC was reported to be involved in the action of osteotropic hormones. PTH primarily affects osteoblasts and increases irrtracellular cAMP level, and PTH-stimulated osteoblasts may produce and release the substances that activate osteoclasts. PKC may mediate the action of PTH in osteoblasts. Moreover, PKC increase the number of receptors for 1,25-(OH)_2D_3 in the osteoblasts. The purpose of this paper is to study the actions of PGE_2 and PMA on osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells. The effect of PMA and PGE_2 on the induction of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was investigated in osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells clutured in medium containing 04% fetal bovine serum. PMA and PGE_2 stimulated ALP activity and MTT assay in the cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10-500ng/ml. Cycloheximide, protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the stimulative effect of PGE_2 and PMA on ALP activiy in the cells. PGE_2 also increased the intracellular cAMP content in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximal effect at 500ng/ml. Our present results suggest that PGE_2 stimulate the differentiation of osteooblasts and are involved in bone formation in vivo, as well as in bone resorption.

자원봉사자들의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석 : 설문결과를 중심으로

강성록,김형중,윤덕룡,전우택,민성길 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: Since 1994, the number of North Korean defectors, escaping North Korea and entering South Korea, has in creased rapidly.The Government has provided most of te support for the defectors' adaptation to their new society.But as the number of defectors has increased, and the support needs have become more various, the support of volunteers from non-governmental organization(NGO) has become very important.To raise the level of the success and effectiveness of the support from the volunteers, their experiences were surveyed and analyzed. Methods: This study surveyed 83 volunteers of 7 NGOs involved in helping North Korean defectors' adaptation to South Korean society-48 men and 34 women. Results: In their relationships with defectors, women volunteers have more difficulties in their first 3 months.However volunteers in their 50s and 60s tend to have more stable and better relationships with defectors than younger volunteers.Many volunteers statedexperiences of human difficulties with defectors, for example, mistrust and anxiety in human relationship (n=34, 41.0%), psychological maladjustment(n=19, 22.9%), different ways of thinking and culture(n=17, 20.5%), economic difficulties(n=10, 12.0%), and lack of independence spirit(n=6, 7.2%).The volunteers said they have feelings of goddwill toward defectors when defectors showed warm heart(n=30, 36.1%), politeness(n=30, 36.1%), positive and active character (n=24, 28.9%), strong will(n=17, 20.5%), and plainness (n=14, 16.0%).The volunteers stated an absence of goodwill feelings to defectors when defectors showed uncompromising and aggressive attitudes (n=29, 34.9%), lack of independent will (n=28, 33.7%), selfishness (n=18, 21.7%), and avoidance of making human relationship (n=16, 19.3%).as for adequate training before commencing activity, 5 volunteers(6.0%) said they had received enough education before their activity, 31(37.3%) relatively enough, 38 (45.8%) relatively not enough, and 9 (10.8%) absolutely not enough education.If they were the owners of al company, 27 volunteers (51.9%) sanid they would want to thire defectors even if the defectors did not have the required ability. Conclusion: These results showed that NGO's volunteers have a friendlier attitude to defectors than policemen n charge and public officials, which is their strong point.Women volunteers experience more difficulties in their early relationships with defectors, suggesting the need for a specific pre-education program for women volunteers.Furthermore, NGOs would benefit from an increase in the number of volunteers in their 50's and 60's.Both volunteers and defectors need to understand each othe to a deeprer extent and the characteristics to which South Korean volunteers feel goodwill need to be used n their education.

가정을 통한 인간자본의 형성과 투자 분석

김형규,안병룡 慶北大學校 經濟經營硏究所 1996 經商論集 Vol.24 No.2

LEISURE 로서의 自由學藝敎育에 관한 考察

김성룡,김형준 群山大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

It is said that the identity of American and Europian culture is based on the Ancient Greeks. In Ancient Greeks, the liberal arts were valued highly as the most important and the basic way to make human value, the existence of human beings and the universal values noble and honorable, which were the basis of the indivisual's happiness, the stability of democracy and the democratic society. That's way where the American and the Europian society face to the politician, social and humanistic crisis, they tend to come to life again the spirit of Ancient Greeks culture. The aim of this paper is to think about the relationships of leisure and liberal arts, referring to the work of M. J. Alder, who has seek the policy of the learning society and the way of liberal arts education in USA.

운동부하 방법의 차이가 혈당 및 혈중 젖산 농도의 변화에 미치는 영향

채정룡,이갑철,김형준,박정호 군산대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Effect of sub-maximal exercise load differences onthe change of blood glucose and lactate contents were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. Blood glucose is quite relative under exercise load intensity (THR 70%, 90%) right after exercise and at the stage of relaxation. 2. Blood lactate contents were the most immediately after the exercise. 3. Under exercise load (THR 90%), Blood glucose and lactate are less related with each other before and after the exercise; on the other hand, in a restoring stage the result was reverse. Therefore; the higher the exercise intensity is, the more blood lactate is comcentrated immediately after exercise and it talkes a lot longer to go back to the stage of before exercise: the research revealed.

경골 골수정 고정술후 교합나사의 파단

박형빈,강번중,송해룡,구경회,정순택,조세현 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 경골 골절에서 골수정 고정술후 발생하는 교합나사 파단의 빈도와 발생 원인을 밝히고자한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 3월부터 2000년 10월까지 골수정으로 치료하였던 경골 간부골절 82예중 내고정물 파단이 발생하거나 골유합이 이루질 때까지 추시 가능하였던 75예를 대상으로 하였다. 내고정물 파단 빈도와 위치, 골절의 양상, 술후 골절부 신연 및 골유합 이상 여부를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 교합나사 파단은 7예였고 (9.3%), 근위부 두 번째 나사의 파단이 가장 흔하였다. 교합나사으 ㅣ파단은 AO분류 B형과 C형 골절, 술후 골절부가 신연된 경우, 개발성골절, 자연유합 및 불유합의 경우 발생하였다. 결 론 : 교합나사 파단의 주된 요인은 골절부의 골과 골 접촉이 불안정하기 때문이며, 개방성 골절, 지연유합 및 불유합도 교합나사 파단의 위험인자라고 생각한다. 교합나사 파단을 예방하기 위해서는 수술시 골절부 신연을 피해야하며 골절부 골접촉이 불안정한 경우 완전 체중부하를 골유합시까지 제한하여야할 것으로 생각한다. Purpose : The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and the causes of crew breakage in tibia nailing. Materials and Methods : Between 1995 and 2000, eighty-two tibial diaphyseal fracture were treated with interlocking nails. The loss of follow-up was 7 cases. We retrospectively reviewed seventy-five cases. We investigated the rate and location of metal failure and evaluated the fracture pattern, the presence of distraction after nailing and union abnormality. Results : Screw breakage was identified in seven cases (9.3%) and most frequently occurred on the second proximal locking screw. Screw breakage occurred in AO type B or C type fractures, fracture site distraction after nailing, open fracture, delayed union and nonunion. Conclusion : The main cause of screw breakage is unstable bone to bone contact on the fracture site caused by comminution of distraction. The open fracture, delayed union, and nonunion also contributing factors for screw breakage. For preventing screw breakage, it is necessary to avoid fracture site distraction and delay full weight bearing in cases having unstable fracture site contact.

뇌졸중 위험인자를 가진 어지럼 환자에서의 확산강조 자기공명영상

강형구,윤유상,이진희,박인철,이경룡,정상원,구홍두,김승호 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: The management of vertiginous patients is a great challenge to emergency physicians. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a diffusion-weighted image(DWI) in differentiating central vertigo from the peripheral vertigo in patients who presented no neurological symptoms other than risk factors for stroke. Methods: From March 2000 to February 2001, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 68 patients who visited the emergency department with symptoms of isolated vertigo and who had risk factors for stroke. DWIs, computed tomograms(CT), and medical records were reviewed, and the final diagnose, the DWIs and the CT readings, the risk factors for stroke, and the time it took waiting for a DWI or CT scan were analyzed. Results: Of the 68 patients, 21(30.8%) had central vertigo: 15 vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks(VB-TIA), 4 brain stem infarctions, 1 cerebellar infarction, and 1 cerebellopeduncular infarction. The DWI showed a 28.6% sensitivity, a 97.9% specificity, and an 85.7% positive predictive value in diagnosing central vertigo. It also had a 100% sensitivity in detecting infarctions. Conclusion: A DWI had a comparable sensitivity to MRI in detecting central vertigo and small, but potentially, lethal infarctions in our patient population. We recommend clinical application of DWI in the emergency department evaluation of isolated vertigo patients with risk factors for stroke.