Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

AN IN-SITU YOUNG'S MODULUS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS USING TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

Choi, Young-Chul,Yoon, Doo-Byung,Park, Jin-Ho,Kwon, Hyun-Sang Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

Elastic wave is one of the most useful tools for non-destructive tests in nuclear power plants. Since the elastic properties are indispensable for analyzing the behaviors of elastic waves, they should be predetermined within an acceptable accuracy. Nuclear power plants are exposed to harsh environmental conditions and hence the structures are degraded. It means that the Young's modulus becomes unreliable and in-situ measurement of Young's modulus is required from an engineering point of view. Young's modulus is estimated from the group velocity of propagating waves. Because the flexural wave of a plate is inherently dispersive, the group velocity is not clearly evaluated in temporal signal analysis. In order to overcome such ambiguity in estimation of group velocity, Wigner-Ville distribution as the time-frequency analysis technique was proposed and utilized. To verify the proposed method, experiments for steel and acryl plates were performed with accelerometers. The results show good estimation of the Young's modulus of two plates.

전래놀이 동요를 활용한 집단 놀이가 유아의 대인문제 해결사고에 미치는 영향

오영희,김주현 배재대학교 인문과학연구소 2005 人文論叢 Vol.22 No.-

The object of this study is to provide base data of more effective utilization of traditional play songs through analyzing the effect of group activities using traditional play songs on young children's interpersonal problem thinking. For this purpose, we selected two kindergartens in Daejeon and prepared control and experimental groups with 31 of 4-5 year-olds in each group. For the experimental group, we had conducted group activities using traditional play song for 12 weeks. As a result, the experimental group's score of interpersonal problem thinking area was higher than that of control group. Therefore it is obvious that group activities using traditional play songs give positive effect to the thinking of alternative problem solving and prediction of consequence which are sub-capabilities of interpersonal problem thinking. In this study, we set problems and hypothesis as followings to investigate the effect of the group activities using traditional play songs on young child's thinking of alternative problem solving: 1. Do the activities using traditional play songs give effect to the capability of interpersonal problem solving of young child? 2. Do the activities using traditional play songs give effect to the thinking of alternative problem solving of young child? 2-1 There would be meaningful difference between two groups in thinking of alternative problem solving. 2-2 There would be meaningful difference between two groups in positive alternative solution of the problem. 3. Do the activities using traditional play songs give effect to the thinking of consequence prediction of young child? 3-1 There would be meaningful difference between two groups in the thinking of consequence prediction. 3-2 There would be meaningful difference between two groups in the method of consequence prediction.

논문 : 1920년대 초기 『조선일보』 「문예란」 연구 -발굴과 위상의 구명

박현수 ( Hyun Soo Park ),홍현영 ( Hyun Young Hong ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2015 민족문학사연구 Vol.57 No.-

『조선일보』의 「문예란」은 1921년 7월 4일부터 같은 해 8월 27일까지 『조선일보』1면에 개설되었다. 이 글의 목적은 『조선일보』 「문예란」에 실린 작품들을 발굴, 소개하고, 그 위상을 구명하는 것이다. 「문예란」이 개설되었던 때는 『조선일보』가 23회에 이르는 발매반포금지와 2차례의 정간을 겪고 점차 운영에서 정상을 찾아가던 즈음이었다. 「문예란」은 총 38회 개설되었는데, 시가 21편, 평론이 3편, 기행문이 1편, 수필이 1편 등 모두 26편의 작품이 실렸다. 「문예란」에 글을 수록한 작가는 변영로, 남궁벽, 김억, 박종화, 오상순, 오천석, 김찬영, 현진건 등이다. 변영로는 「문예란」에서 가장 활발한 작품 활동을 했으며 필자들의 교류에서도 중심에 있었다. 그는 진리가 확정된 세계에서 벗어나 불확실성에 투신하는 자세를 새롭게 창출될 문학의 핵심이라고 주장했다. 이 글은 남궁벽이 스스로 ``∼다``체로 번역해 발표한 「별의압흠」, 「말」 등을 소개하는 것을 통해 정본 확정의 문제를 제기했다. 또 작가의 과작을 고려할 때 새롭게 발굴, 소개하는 남궁벽의 시 5편이 지니는 무게 역시 가볍지 않다. 박종화의 시 가운데 「廢園에누어셔」는 「黑房秘曲」에 실린 시와 달리 3장으로 되어 있다. 특히 3장이 당시 박종화의 지우였던 정백, 홍사용 등의 갈등과 관련되어 주목을 필요로 한다. 이 글에서 소개하는 오상순의 두 시 역시 처음 발굴, 소개하는 시들이다. 이들은 어린 시절의 상상력이 깃든 언어를 가장 본질적인 것으로 파악하는 당시 오상순의 문학관을 드러내고 있다. 「문예란」의 필자들은 이미 문단의 승인을 받은 존재들이었다는 점에서 작품들 역시 문학청년 시기의 습작이나 투고작과는 다르다. 또 「문예란」의 필자는 각각의 동인지에 얽매이지 않는 문인들의 네트워크와 문학 활동을 파악할 수 있는 대상이기도 하다. 「문예란」이 지닌 가장 두드러진 의미는 『조선일보』를 비롯해 『동아일보』 『매일일보』 등 당시 신문 미디어에 같은 성격의 지면이 존재하지 않았다는 점에 있다. Literary section in Chosun Ilbo was first open on July 4, 1921 and lasted until on August 27 in the same year. The section was reported on the first page of Chosun Ilbo. The purpose of this article was to discover and introduce the pieces of literary work reported in Chosun Ilbo, and to bring light on the status of its literary section. The time when literary section was established was the moment Chosun Ilbo was returning to normal condition of running business after having twenty three times of prohibition of release and two times of suspension. The number of reported literary section was thirty eight, which included twenty one pieces of poem, three pieces of critique, one piece of travel essay, and one piece of essay. Thus, the total number of reported literary work was twenty six. Writers who participated in the section were as followed : Young-Roh Byun, Byuk Namgung, Uk Kim, Jong-Hwa Park, Sang-Soon Oh, Chun-Seok Oh, Chan-Young Kim and Jin-Gun Hyun. Among them, Young-Roh Byun was the most active writer in the literary section and was in the center of mutual exchange of opinion among the writers. He sought the core of literature in the attitude that was devoted to the uncertainty, which was off the world of concrete truth. This article supposed a question on determination of the formal copies by discovering and introducing the Byul-eui-ap-hem(별의압흠), and Mal(말) which were reported by Byuk. He translated these pieces for himself using style of writing, "∼ da". Moreover, as Namgung was not a prolific writer, the importance of five pieces of poem by Byuk Namgung should not be overlooked. Park`s poem, Lying in the closed garden(廢 園에누어셔), consisted of three chapters compared to that of his, which were issued in Secret songs in a black room(黑房秘曲). Especially, the third chapter of it was related to conflict among his companions, Baek Jung and Sah-Yong Hong. Therefore, it needs to be focused on that chapter. Two pieces of poem by Sang-Soon Oh were introduced for the first time. These represented Oh`s literary view at the moment, which the writer understood the language with childhood imagination as the most essential one. Writers of the literary section had already been approve by the literary circle. For this reason, the pieces reported in the literary section had a different character from their studies or submission before starting their literature career. In addition, the writers were the subject of the network and career activities among the writers who were not bound by literary coterie magazines. The most significant meaning of literary section was that the section with the same character did not exist in Dong-A Ilbo, Maeil Shinbo, or Chosun Ilbo itself. To prove this point, relation between news media and literature in early 1920s was discussed.

NR과 SBR 가황물의 경도와 강성도에 대한 온도의 영향

진현호 ( Hyun Ho Jin ),홍창국 ( Chang Kook Hong ),조동련 ( Dong Lyun Cho ),강신영 ( Shin Young Kaang ) 한국고무학회 2007 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구에서는 고무제품의 수치 안정성과 성능유지에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 중요한 특성 중 하나인 온도변화에 따른 고무재료의 경도변화를 고찰하였다. 새롭게 제작된 International Rubber Hardness Degree(IRHD, Normal type) 경도측정 시험기를 사용하여 미충전된 NR과 SBR시편의 여러 온도에서 경도변화를 측정하였으며 Young`s modulus 값과 비교하였다. NR과 SBR 모두 유리전이온도 근처에서 경도와 Young`s modulus의 급격한 변화를 보였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 경도와 Young`s modulus 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 이는 분자의 운동성과 엔트로피 영향으로 해석할 수 있다. 카본블랙과 실리카가 충전된 NR과 SBR의 경우 충전제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 경도에 미치는 온도의 영향이 감소함을 관찰하였다. Hardness of rubbery materials, which is important for dimensional stability and product performance, was investigated upon temperature change in this study. A newly developed IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) tester was used to measure the hardness changes of NR and SBR specimens at various temperatures and the hardness values were compared with the Young`s modulus. The hardness and Young`s modulus of NR and SBR showed an abrupt change near the glass transition temperatures. The hardness and Young`s modulus were increased by increasing temperature due to the increased random chain conformation of molecules. The effect of temperature on hardness and Young`s modulus of NR and SBR specimens filled with carbon black and silica was decreased by increasing filler content.

노화가 인체 중간엽 줄기세포로부터 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향

백기현,태현정,오기원,이원영,조정기,권순용,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

연구배경: 일반적으로 골다공증과 연관된 위험인자로는 연령, 폐경, 약물, 불충분한 칼슘섭취, 만성질환 및 운동부족 등이 있는데, 특히 노화가 진행할수록 골밀도가 감소하는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 노화와 관련하여 진행되는 골소실은 조골세포 및 전구조골세포의 기능적 결핍에 의한 골형성의 감소가 주요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 그 동안 연령이 조골모 세포의 양과 조골모 세포로부터 성숙조골세포로의 분화 및 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 일부 보고들이 있었으나 아직 일치된 견해는 없는 형편이다. 방법: 다양한 연령의 사람으로부터 골수를 채취, 중간엽 줄기세포가 포함된 단핵세포를 분리한 후 조골세포로 분화하기 좋은 조건하에서 배양하였다. 대상군은다시 젊은군과 노령군으로 구분하여 다양한 변수를 비교 분석하였다. 일차배양에서는 CFU-F를 계수하여 골수내 중간엽 줄기세포의 수를 추산하였고, 칼슘측정을 통하여 기질의 무기화 정도를 비교하였다. 계대배양후 이차배양에서는 시기별로 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도를 측정하고 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 젊은군과 노령군 사이의 증식능 차이를 비교하였다. 또한 이차배양 시기별로 MTT 측정을 하여 양군간에 증식능 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과: 1. 일차배양 15일째에 평균 CFU-F의 수는 젊은군에서 유의하게 많았다(젊은군 148.3±28.9, 노령군 54.3±9.1, p=0.02). CFU-F의 평균면적은 젊은군에서 넓은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 2. 일차배양 17일 경과 후 양군간에 기질 칼슘 침착정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(젊은군 103.6±50.6, 노령군: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). 3. 이차배양 10일째에 젊은군에서 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도가 고령군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(젊은군: 935.5±115.0 U/mg, 노령군: 578.4±115.7U/mg,p.0.05). 고령군에서는 시간 경과에 따른 변화가 미약했으며 전반적으로 알카리성 포스파타제의 활성도가 젊은군에 비해 낮았다. 4. 이차배양도중 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현은 배양시기별로 젊은군에 비해 고령군에서 더 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 이차배양 10일과 15일에 젊은군에서 노령군보다세포증식이 유의하게 증가된 양상을 보였다(10앓 젊은군 0.73±0.05, 노령군 0.58±0.04, p=0.05, 15일; 젊은군 0.80±0.05, 노령군 0.70±0.03, p=0.05).결론: 이상의 연구에서 저자들은 노령군에서 젊은군보다 골수 내 중간엽줄기세포의 수가 적고, 노령군에서 유래한 전구조골세포의 성숙조골세포로의 증식 및 분화가 젊은군 보다 감소해 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Background: Osteoblasts originate from osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow stroma, termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or bone marrow stromal cells. Each MSC forms colonies (colony forming units-fibroblasts [CFL-Fs]) when cultured ex vivo. There are some reports about the age-related changes of the number and osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells, but any relationship has not been clearly established in humans. In this study, we counted MSCs using CFU-Fs count and examined the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells. Finally, we analyzed how these parameters varied with donor age. Methods: Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young (n=6, 27.2±8.6 years old) and old (n= 10, 57.4k6.7 years old) healthy donors. Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. In primary culture, we compared the colony-forming efficiency of MSCs between the two groups and determined the matrix calcification. When primary culture showed near confluence, the cells were subcultured. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression by RT-PCR and proliferative potential by MTT assay were examined by the time course of secondary culture. Results: At the 15th day of primary culture, the mean number of CFU-Fs was significantly higher in the younger donors (young: 148.3±28.9, old: 54.3±9.1, p=0.02) and the mean size of CFL-Fs was also larger in the younger donors than the older donors. However, matrix calcification was not different between the two groups (young: 103.6±50.6, old: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). In secondary culture, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the older donors. The younger donors showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while the older donors didn't showed a remarkable peak (young: 935.5±115.OU/mg, old: 578.4±115.7U/mg, p<0.05). Total cell number as a proliferative index increased progressively during the secondary culture and a significantly greater cell number was noted in the younger donors. Osteocalcin expression was generally upregulated in the younger donors, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study shows that the number of osteoprogenitor cells is decreased during aging and that the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells seem to be reduced during aging (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:296-305, 2003).

일 대학병원에 입원한 노년기 양극성 장애 환자의 인구학적 및 임상적 특징

조숙현(Sook Hyun Cho),정한용(Han Yong Jung),권영준(Young Jun Kwon),이소영(So Young Lee),김양래(Yang Rae Kim),김윤정(Yun Jung Kim) 대한노인정신의학회 2006 노인정신의학 Vol.10 No.2

Objectives : As the elderly population is continuing to increase, psychiatric diseases of the elderly are becoming an important social issue. This study looks into the demographical and clinical features of the elderly patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in a University hospital. Methods : The study subjects include patients admissioned in the closed wards of Soonchunhyang Seoul hospital and Cheonan hospital from March, 2000 to February, 2005 who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder at the time of discharge. A total of 146 patients (76 men, 70 women) medical records were studied retrospectively. Subjects older than the age of 50 at time of admission were grouped as the old age group, whereas those who were younger than 50 as the young age group. Also among the old age group, those who had the first onset of episode under the age of 50 were grouped as the early onset group, whereas those who had the first onset after the age 50 were grouped as the late onset group. Results : The number of bipolar disorder patients in the young age group and old age group were 73 and 73 respectively. The number of early onset group and late onset group were 46 and 23 respectively. The old age group had a relatively higher incidence of bipolar II disorder than the young age group. Also in the old age group there was a higher incidence of hypomanic or depressive episode rather than manic episode compared to the young age group. And in the old age group psychotic symptoms were less common and the mean admission length shorter than the young age group. Additionally in the old age group treatment with Lithium monotherapy or with no mood stabilizers at all were relatively common. Among the old age group, late onset group had a higher rate of bipolar II disorder than the early onset group. Conclusion : This study shows differences in the demographical and clinical features among different age groups. But additional research would be required to determine whether the bipolar disorders in the elderly or late onset group are actually a different type of disorder from those of the young.

비공식 사회지원망 종류와 삶의 만족도 : 전기 노인과 후기 노인의 차이를 중심으로

김영범(Kim, young Bum),윤혜경(Yoon, Hye-Gyung),윤현숙(Yoon, Hyun Sook) 지역사회학회 2019 지역사회학 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 비공식 사회지원망과 노인이 인식하는 삶의 만족도 사이의 관계가 전기 노인과 후기 노인에게서 차이를 보이는지 분석하는데 있다. 본 연구는 비공식 사회지원망을 가족·혈연지원망과 친구·이웃지원망으로 구분한 후 각각의 크기가 삶의 만족과 유의미한 관계를 보이는지 전기 노인과 후기 노인으로 나누어 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 춘천 지역 거주 65세 이상 노인 1,000명에 대한 조사 결과를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 나이가 들수록 삶의 만족도는 증가하지만 후기 노년기에는 나이와 유의미한 관계를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 건강관련 요인 중 외로움, 우울이, 사회경제적 요인 중 소득은 노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지원망 전체 크기는 노인의 삶의 만족과 유의미한 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전기 노인의 경우 가족·혈연이나 친구·이웃지원망의 크기가 삶의 만족과 유의미한 관계를 보이지 않는 반면 후기 노인의 경우 가족 지원망의 크기는 삶의 만족도와 유의미한 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the types of informal social support networks and level of life satisfaction perceived by the elderly. The study focused on the difference of the relationship between the young old and old-old elderly group. This study divided informal social support network into family support network and non-family support network, and analyzed the relationship of each social support network size and life satisfaction in young old and old-old groups. In this study, we analyzed the survey results of 1,000 elderly people over 65 years of age living in Chuncheon. The main results of this study were as follows. First, life satisfaction increased with age, but there was no significant relationship with age in later age. Income among socioeconomic factors and loneliness and depression among health-related factors were found to affect the life satisfaction of the elderly. Second, the overall size of the support network was found to have a significant relationship with the life satisfaction of the elderly. Third, the size of family or non-family support network showed no significant relationship with life satisfaction in the young old elderly group, while the size of family support network had a significant relationship with life satisfaction in the old-old elderly group.

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

청소년 인터넷 중독 검사 방법의 통계적 고찰 및 개선 -Young의 척도를 중심으로

박찬정 ( Chan Jung Park ),김형철 ( Hyung Chul Kim ),고영민 ( Young Min Ko ),현정석 ( Jung Suk Hyun ),김철민 ( Cheol Min Kim ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2010 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.4

국내외에서 이루어진 기존의 인터넷 중독 검사에 대한 연구는 다양하며 방대하지만, 대부분의 연구가 중독도 검사를 위한 항목추출이거나 항목들을 이용한 중독도 분석이었지 항목간의 분석을 통한 차별화는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 리즈렐과 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 Young의 인터넷 중독 검사방법을 고찰하고 문제점을 지적한 후, 검사 방법에 대한 대안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 Young의 척도를 이용하여 청소년 440명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고, 요인분석을 통해 Young 척도의 문제점을 분석한다. 또한, 데이터 마이닝 알고리즘인 J48 및 PART를 이용하여 설문문항들 중에서 인터넷 중독도를 구분 지을 수 있는 항목들을 선별하고 이를 기반으로 인터넷 중독 학생들을 진단하고 처방하는데 활용하는 방법을 제안한다. So far, the researches about the Internet addiction testing are diverse and enormous. However, since the testing factors have the same importance, there is no discrimination among the factors. In our paper, we analyze the problems of the existing researches by using Lisrel and data mining algorithms. Next, we propose an alternative for the Internet addiction testing. In order to accomplish these, we make an questionnaire consisted of Young`s test and then, we asked to 440 primary and secondary school students. In addition, we analyzed the problems of Young`s test with factor analysis and then, we distinguish more important items from others with J48 and PART. Finally, based on this analysis, we propose a method to diagnose addicted students and prescribe them.