Methylation Status and Expression of E-cadherin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Compared to Benign Oral Epithelial Lesions

Son, Hyun-Jin,Chu, Jung-Youb,Cho, Eui-Sic,Lee, Dong-Geun,Min, Myung-Gee,Lee, Suk-Keun,Cho, Nam-Pyo The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Expression of invasion/metastasis suppressor, E-cadherin, is reduced in many types of human carcinomas. Although somatic and germline utations in the CDH1, which encodes the human E-cadherin, have frequently been reported in cases with diffuse gastric and lobular breast ancers, irreversible genetic inactivations are rare in other human carcinomas. Recently, it has been well documented that some genes in human cancers may be inactivated by altered CpG methylation. Herein, we determined the expression and methylation status of E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher in the well-differentiated oral SCCs than the moderately or poorly differentiated ones. None of eight tested benign pithelial hyperplasias showed aberrant methylation, whereas five of 12 oral squamous cell carcinomas showed aberrant methylation. When we compared E-cadherin expression with methylation status, oral SCCs with normal methylation showed a higher expression of E-cadherin than those with methylation. These findings suggest that aberrant CpG methylation of CDH1 promoter region is closely associated with transcriptional inactivation and might be involved in tumor progression of the oral mucosa.

중첩 방전을 이용한 CO₂레이저의 동작 특성 : 다중펄스 중첩을 이용한 long 펄스형 CO₂레이저의 펄스 형상 제어 Pulse shape control of pulse CO₂laser using multiple-pulse superposition

정현주,김근용,정용호,정종한,송건주,김희제 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.60 No.-

본 연구에서는 PIC 원 칩 마이크로 프로세서 기술을 접목시켜, 저전압 측에서 2단 또는 3단의 회로를 능동적으로 중첩시킴으로써, 다양한 펄스폭을 가지는 고전압의 펄스형상을 만들었다. 이렇게 만들어진 다양한 중첩펄스를 현재 산업용 및 의료용으로 많이 사용되고 있는 CO2 레이저에 적용하여 각 단의 스위치의 트리거 지연시간에 따른 레이저 빔의 출력 특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 다양한 펄스폭을 가지는 레이저 빔을 얻을수가 있었고 특히, 3단 중첩회로에서 스위칭 지연 시간을 변화시킴에 따라 얻어진 레이저 펄스폭은 최소 약 4ms였고 최대 약 10ms였다. In this study, a variable pulse length, high duty cycle Pulse Forming Network(PFN) is constructed by time sequence. The power supply for this experiment consists of three switching circuits. Each switching circuit uses 2 mesh PFN, a charging circuit, a HV leakage transformer, and bridge rectifier on each transformer secondary. The PFN elements operate at low voltage and drive the primary of HV leakage transformer. The secondary of the transformer has a full-wave rectifier, which passes the pulse energy to the load in a continuous sequence. We investigated laser pulse width of pulsed CO2 laser as various delay time among three switching circuits. As a result, we can obtain various laser pulse width from about 4 to 10ms.

Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 錯物 觸媒에 의한 p-Nitrophenyl Alkanoate類의 加水分解 反應 메카니즘에 관한 硏究

盧載根,金昌錫,洪淳瑛,鄭賢淑 漢陽大學校 自然科學硏究所 1997 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Triamine이 tridentate 리간드를 형성하는 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물을 합성하여 imidazole과 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물의 촉매 작용을 p-nitrophenyl alkanoate의 가수분해에 대하여 자외선 분광법으로 조사하였다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물은 pH 10.0 이하에서는 imidazole 보다 촉매 효과가 작았으나 pH 11.0에서는 imidazole 그 자체보다 2.6 배의 비교적 큰 촉매 효과를 나타내었다. p-Nitrophenyl acetate의 가수분해 반응 속도는 pH 6.0-9.0에서는 완만히 증가하다가 pH 10.0-11.0에서는 급격히 증가하였다. p-Nitrophenyl alkanoate류의 이들 촉매에 의한 가수분해 반응 속도는 pH 7.0에서는 이들 ester에 있는 acyl 기의 탄소수가 많아지고 bulky 해짐에 따라 42.5-43.5 배 감소하였으며, pH 10.0에서는 7.2-17.3 배로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이 사실로부터 p-nitrophenyl alkanoate의 가수분해 반응은 imidazole 또는 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물 촉매하에서 낮은 pH(pH 7.0)에서는 친핵성 촉매 작용 메카니즘으로 진행되며 한편, 높은 pH(pH 10.0)에서는 일반 염기성 촉매 작용 메카니즘으로 진행한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuIm) in which triamine serves as a tridentate ligand was synthesized. The catalytic action of C₂C₂CuIm comparing with imidazole for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates was observed by a UV spectrophotometric method. Below pH 10.0, the catalytic effect of C₂C₂CuIm was smaller than that of imidazole itself, but the catalytic effect was 2.6 times as large as that of imidazole at pH 11.0. The rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate was increased slowly at pH 6.0-9.0 but rapidly at pH 10.0-11.0 By increasing bulkiness and carbon number of acyl group in ester, the reaction rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates with these catalyst decreased 42.5-43.5 times at pH 7.0 but 7.2-17.3 times at pH 10.0. With this result, it could be postulated that the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates with imidazole or C₂C₂CuIm catalyst proceeds through nercleophilic catalysis path at low pH(pH 7.0), on the other hand, general base catalysis path at high pH(pH 10.0).

유치원 체육 프로그램이 유아의 신체적 자아개념에 미치는 영향

박장근,이현자 한국유아체육학회 2002 한국유아체육학회지 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구는 유치원 체육 프로그램이 유아의 신체적 자아개념에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 성취하기 위하여, 체육 프로그램을 유아들에게 적용하고 7세 유아 40명(남 20명, 여 20명)을 대상으로 신체적 자아 개념 중 하위영역인 유능감 영역, 건강 영역, 외모 영역의 향상정도를 프로그램 실시전과 후에 측정하였다. 체육 프로그램 실시 전과 후에 따른 신체적 자아개념의 차이가 있는지의 여부를 검증하고자 사전·사후 남·녀 집단별에 대하여 평균 및 표준편차를 산출하였으며, 향상도 차이를 검증하기 위하여 대응표본 T-test를 실시하였다. 자료처리에 따른 신체적 자아개념의 영향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체육프로그램 활동을 실시한 후 유아의 신체적 자아개념 중 유능감 영역은 향상을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 체육프로그램 활동을 실시한 후 유아의 신체적 자아개념 중 건강 영역은 향상을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 체육프로그램 활동을 실시한 후 유아의 신체적 자아개념 중 외모 영역은 험상을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 다음과 같은 연구결과를 볼 때, 유아기의 체육 프로그램을 적용한 유아체육 활동은 유아의 신체적 자아개념을 긍정적으로 향상시키는데 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 유치원에서 이루어지는 체육 프로그램은 매우 중요하며, 유아의 신체적 발달뿐만 아니라 정서, 사회성을 발달시키는데도 가치가 있다고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of kindergarten physical education program on the physical self-concept of preschool children. The subjects in this study were 40 seven years old children, who included 20 boy children and 20 girl children. The physical education program was conducted, and then their change in a sense of competence, health, external appearance the sub-areas of physical self-concept, was measured respectively before and after the program was conducted. In data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were calculated for each of the boy and girl student groups, and T-test was implemented to see if there were any differences in the level of improvement. The findings of this study were as below; 1. After the physical education program was conducted, the young children made improvement in the sense of competence area, one of the physical self-concept. 2. After the physical education program was utilized, the preschool children made progress in the health area, one of the physical self-concept. 3. After the physical education program was applied, the young children made development in the external-appearance area, one of the physical self-concept. The above-mentioned findings made it clear that the physical education activities gave a great deal of impact on enhancing the physical self-concept of the preschool children positively. Therefore, physical education program is very important in kindergarten education, and is worthwhile for all the physical, emotional and social development of preschool children.

고추 PCR 조건의 최적화

최근원,이승우,남승현,설일환,유일웅 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1996 硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

신품종에 대한 육종가의 권리보호용 고추 RAPD 마커를 개발하기 위한 기초연구로 PCR에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대한 최적화가 이루어졌으며 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음가 같다. 1. MgCl₂ 농도는 DNA증폭에 직접적인 영향을 주었으며 본 실험의 결과는 고추 PCR에 요구되는 MgCl₂의 최소농도는 3mM임을 보였다. 2. 공시된 2고추 조합간데 차이는 있었지만 Taq DNA polymerase는 1.5U이상의 조건일 때 DNA증폭에 효과적임이 관측되었다. 3. 본 실험에 사용된 template DNA양 중 최소인 10ng의 수준으로도 성공적인 DNA증폭을 보였다 4. dNTPs농도는 200~400μM 수준이 적당하였다. 5. Primer의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 band의 선명도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 200nM이상의 농도에서 뚜렷한 band가 관측되었다. 6. 공시된 두조합에서 모두 annealing 온도가 높아짐에 따라 minor band의 수가 줄어들고 major band의 선명도가 증가했다. 7. 본 실험의 결과는 3mM의 MgCl₂, 1.5U의 Taq, DNA polymerase, 10ng의 template DNA, 200μM의 dNTPs, 200nM의 primer, 그리고 42℃의 annealing 온도가 고추의 random primer를 이용한 PCR이 적정수준이 될 수 있음을 제시하였다. Factors affecting PCR have been optimized as a fundamental study in developing RAPD markers to protect breeder's right for new cultivars in Capsicums. DNA amplification was directly influenced by MgCl₂ concentration and the result showed that the minimum concentration required for PCR in Capsicums was 3mM. Although there was a difference between two pepper combinations tested, it was observed that over 1.5U of Taq. DNA polymerase was effective in DNA amplification. A successful DNA amplification was obtained with 10ng of template DNA, the smallest amount tested in this experiment. The proper level of dNTPs was the range between 200 and 400μM. There was a tendency that the intensity of bands was increased as the concentration of random primer increased and clear bands were observed with the concentration above 200nM. In both pepper combinations tested, the number of nonspecific bands was decreased and the intensity of major bands was increased as the annealing temperature was increased. The results suggested that the optimum conditions for PCR with random primer in Capsicums could be obtained with 3mM of MgCl₂, 1.5U of Taq. DNA polymerase, 10ng of template DNA, 200μM of dNTPs, 200nM of random primer, and 42℃ of annealing temperature.

효율적인 소규모 네트워크 구축

안봉근,이병수,정현식 한국경영과학회 1995 經營 科學 Vol.12 No.3

Information sharing and automated office in the use of PC necessitate corporate network to implement business innovation. Building an efficient network requires competent knowledge on capabilities of various LAN technologies, hardwares and softwares that have rapidly improved in terms of efficiency and cost. This paper compares capabilities of network components: communication protocol, hardware, network operation system, low cost database software and mid-range priced SQL for application development. Also this study presents a new technology on virtual LAN and a selection guide among the various options of the network components which are suitable for PC-based small-sized network in balance of efficiency with economy. In the last section of this paper, a case of small-sized network is given for illustration.

물-공기 계면에서 긴 사슬 양 말단 작용기 분자인 α,ω-13,16-Dimethyloctacosanedioate Dimethylester(C_30DME)의 거동에 관한 연구

이정근,손대원,이관수,송석호,김현명,정선호 한양대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-

물-공기 계면에서 표면압력의 증가에 따른 C30DME 분자의 구조 변화를 살펴보았다. 표면압력(π)-표면적(A) 등온선을 통해 표면적이 줄어들 때 C30DME 분자가 선형으로부터 역 U 자형 구조로 변하는 것을 확인하였다. C30DME의 역 U 자형 구조의 형성을 확인하기 위하여 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)와 ellipsometry를 이용하여 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film 의 두께를 측정하였고 이 두께는 C30DME 분자의 역 U 자형 구조의 높이와 일치함을 관찰하였다. 또한 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)을 이용한 표면 거침도 측정의 결과는 선형으로부터 역 U자형 구조로의 구조적 변화가 불연속이라는 것을 보여주었다. We investigated the conformational change of C30DME molecule with an increase on surface pressure at the air-water interface. The surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherm indicates that the structure of C30DME changed from linear to reverse U-shape as the surface area was compressed. In order to confirm the formation of reverse U-shape, we examined the thickness of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and an ellipsometry. The result of surface roughness measurement using an atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the conformational change from linear to reverse U-shape is discontinuous.

무의 PCR에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 실험

김현주,최근원 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1994 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

무 품종들에 있어 RAPD 분석을 위한 PCR에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 조사하기 위한 일련의 실험이 실시되었으며, 주요결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다.; 1. 무 '알타리 01'×'알타리 13'에 있어 RAPD 분석을 위한 PCR 반응 요인의 적정 농도 또는 양은 50 ㎕의 반응용액내에 50 ng의 template DNA, 15 pM의 10-mer primer, 0.2 mM의 dNTP와 0.25 unit의 Taq DNA polymerase로 사료되어졌다. 2. 무 '알타리 13'×'서울봄무'에 있어 RAPD 분석을 위한 PCR 반응 요인의 적정 농도 또는 양은 50 ㎕의 반응용액내에 50 ng의 template DNA, 10 pM의 10-mer primer, 0.2 mM의 dNTP와 0.25 unit의 Taq DNA polymerase로 사료되어졌다. 3. 38℃의 annealing 온도가 공시된 무의 PCR에 적합하였다. 4. 반응 요인들의 농도와 양에서 나타난 결과로 보아 그들의 효과에 있어 각각은 상호의존적인 관계에 있는것으로 나타났으며, 반응요인의 적정 조건들은 채소작물에 따라 매우 다양한 것으로 나타났다. A series of experiments were conducted to examine parameters affecting Polymerase Chain Reaction in studying Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA of radishes. The major results were summarized as follows; 1. In 'Altari 01'×'Altari 15', optimum concentrations or amounts of reaction parameters for RAPD analysis were found to be 50ng of template DNA, 15pM of 10-mer primer, 0.2nM of dNTP, and 0.25 units of Taq DNA Polymerase in 50㎕ of reaction mixture. 2. In 'Altari 13'×'Seoul Bom Moo', optimum concentrations or amounts of reaction parameters for RAPD analysis were found to be 50ng of template DNA, 10pM of 10-mer primer, 0.2mM of dNTP, and 0.25 units of Taq DNA polymerase in 50㎕ of reaction mixture. 3. The annealing temperature of 38℃ was optimum for PCRs of radish tested. 4. The results suggested that the concentrations or the amounts of reaction parameters were correlated with each other in their effects on amplification and showed that optimum conditions of reaction parameters could very depending on vegetable crops.

멀티미디어 데이타를 위한 E-mail 시스템의 설계 및 구현

金昌根,朴淳圭,金炫周 진주산업대학교 1998 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.5

Even though UNIX system has E-mail function, but it confined only Text-data, RFC 821/822 the standard of internet mail also confined 7bit Text-data, there is still limit in displaying various multimedia infomation. In this paper, java was used to complete the practical electronic mail system over various Operation System, MINE was standarded to support various media, SMTP and POP3 were set for design and implementation. Therefore, Electronic Mail system more it possible to be used in Personal Computer.

Visible Human Data의 3차원 가시화에 대한 연구

최형근,김동현,탁계래,신현준 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2000 건국의과학학술지 Vol.10 No.-

Visualization is the process of exploring, transforming and viewing data as images to gain understanding and insight into the data. Visualization in medicine is helpful in understanding human anatomy by presenting the information in a form that is not only pleasing but also easily recognizable as well as in gaining functional attributes of medical systems, such as biomechanical and physiological properties. Medical applications include accurate anatomy and function mapping, enhanced diagnosis. accurate treatment planning and rehearsal, and education/training. The Visible Human data set of the National Library of Medicine, the most complete anatomically detailed. computerized database of the human body ever assembled, has been used for these purposes. In this study, we have visualized the Visible Human Data set with VTK(Visualization ToolKit, Kitware Inc.), IAP(Image Application Platform, ISG Inc.) and Visual C++ 6.0. A motivation of this study is the fact that computer imaging techniques have become an important diagnostic tool in the practice of modern medicine. The 3D visualization system consists of a basic 2D image processing such as filtering, panning, zooming and measuring image as well as 3D image processing such as multiplanar reformatting, surface rendering and volume rendering. The wide-spread use and accessibility of the web have been required to provide the visualization of 3D image on the web. Thus, we have developed web-based medical 3D visualization system that supports World-Wide-Web using VRML and client/server architecture.