비글개에서 신원방우황청심원의 급성 및 아급성독성시험

성하정,권오경,방명주,곽형일,이진영,신대희,박대규,정규혁,윤효인,조명행 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon (NSCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with sinlge dose of 2,000 ㎎/㎏ and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NSCH, 160 ㎎/㎏/day (low dosage group), 400 ㎎/㎏/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 ㎎/㎏/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (1996. 4. 16). LD_50 value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 ㎎/㎏ per oral for both male and females. In animals administered with NSCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NSCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

수도권지역 개발에 따른 자연재해 특징분석 : 안양천 유역분지에서 잠재적 수해 특징 분석 A potential flood hazard study of Anyang-Cheon Watershed

성효현 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 안양천 유역분지를 중심으로 도시화가 본격적으로 이루어지기 이전의 하도를 복원하여 하도의 변화를 파악하고 안양천 유역분지내에서 1957년과 1991년 사이의 토지이용패턴의 변화를 살피려한다. 또한 안양천유역의 상류부근에서 1989년 이래 대규모 택지개발로 시가지역이 확대되면서 토지이용 변화에따른 수문 현상을 파악하여 홍수와 같은 자연재해의 변화양상을 파악하려고 한다. 안양천 유역 분지에서 1957년과 1991년 사이에 하천은 대부분 직선화 되고 지류의 소하천이 복개가 되어 하천의 총길이가 87km가 감소되었다. 특히 토지 이용 변화에서 가장 획기적인 변화는 유역분지내에서 10%의 농경지와 20%의 임야가 감소되고, 시가지역이 약 30% 확대되었다는 점이다. 특히 수해와 같은 자연재해가 일어나기 쉬운 안양천 하천 버퍼내의 토지이용현황을 보면 1957년에는 하천 버퍼지대가 주로 임야(42.53%)와 농경지(43.08%)로 이용되고, 오로지 14.39%만이 시가지역으로 이용되고 있었다. 그러나 1991년의 하천 버퍼지대에서는 집중적으로 개발되어 42.76%가 시가지화 되었고, 약 30% 가량이 농경지로 이용되고 있어 홍수시에 수해의 피해 규모가 증대될 가능성이 크다. 강우량의 규모와 분포패턴에 따라 다르겠지만 안양천 상류지역에서 평촌지구 및 산본지구의 택지개발을 전후하여 대체로 개발전과 개발후가 개발이 진행되고 있는 시기보다 강우량에 대한 수위의 변화량이 적은 편이다. 이는 개발전에 평촌 및 산본 택지 개발지구가 대부분 논이나 임야로 되어 있었던 지역이기 때문에 논이나 녹지에 의해 유량이 저류되었다가 서서히 하도록 흘러들어 가서 수위의 변화량도 완화되고 최고수위가 나타나는 시간도 지연되기 때문이다. 개발 후는 하수관거등의 배수시설이 완비됨으로서 우량이 조절되어 수위의 변화량이 완화된다고 볼수 있다. 반면에 개발전에 비해 개발후는 비가 온후 즉각적으로 최고 수위에 달하게 되어 홍수도달시간이 매우 단축됨을 알수 있다. 이 지역에서 1989년에서 1993년가지 시가지역이 약 7.04㎢나 증가하고 전체 면적에 대해 5.5% 증가함에 따라 불투수층의 증가로 홍수도달시간은 약 4시간 정도 단축되었다. 개발이 진행되고 있는 시점에서는 도시 배수시설이나 녹지 및 논과 같이 물을 일시적으로 저장하여 조절하는 것이 없기 때문에 우량에 대한 수위의 변화가 극단적으로 크게 나타나며 또한 홍수도달시간도 매우 단축되어 나타난다. 이는 개발 도중에 홍수해나 산사태와 같은 재해가 일어날 확률이 높아지며, 개발후에도 홍수도달시간이 매우 단축되므로 하천가의 개발등은 재해의 규모를 증대시킬 확률이 있다고 생각된다. 따라서 수해 피해를 줄이고 하천의 친수기능을 살리기 위해 유역분질 내에서 종합적인 치수대책 수립과 개발지역에서 재해영향 평가 제도의 도입이 요구된다. The Anyang-cheon is one of the Han River tributaries in Seoul Metropolitan area. It is 35.1km long, has a basin area of 287㎢ and touches seven cities of Kyounggi Province and part of Seoul. The purpose of this study were 1) to reconstruct the ancient stream network and to investigate the change of landuse in Anyang-cheon watershed between 1957 and 1991, 2) to measure the change of the hydrologic characteristics with urbanization, 3) to suggest the institutional solutions to reduce natural hazard as the area has urbanized. The main results are as follows: 1.Anyang-cheon river basin has experienced the rapid urbanization and industrialization since 1957. Anyang-cheon stream network was oversimplified in the watershed. The total stream length decreased as tributaries in the upper part of river basin have eliminated or buried underground in pipes. 2.Urbanization impacted to all of the area of Anyang-cheon watershed. Urbanization in Anyang-cheon watershed corresponds to the large portion of flat arean, especially flood-prone zone of river side, and the small portion of Greenbelt to constrain urban expantion in cities. 3.The urbanization of Anyang-cheon watershed produces fundamental changes in watershed hydrology. As infiltration is reduced by the creation of extensive pavement, concrete surface, and sewer pipe, runoff moves more quickly from upland to stream. As a result, runoff from the watershed is flashier, increasing flood hazard. As urban area continue to grow we will need to better utilize stream by protecting and enhancing stream systems.

외국인직접투자기업의 성장요인에 대한 실증분석 : 기업규모 및 나이를 중심으로

성효용 한국산업조직학회 2003 産業組織硏究 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 Gibrat 법칙의 검증을 통해 한국에 진출한 외국인 직접투자 foreign direct investment 기업의 성장과 규모간의 관계를 분석하였다. 첫째, 외국인직접투자기업이 일반적인 Gibrat 법칙의 가정을 충족시키는가를 검증하였고, 둘째, 외국인직접투자기업에 있어서 규모와 성장간의 관계가 내국인 소유 제조업체의 경우와 어느 정도 다른가를 비교분석 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 한국제조업 전체를 대상으로 한 경우와 외국인직접투자기업 및 내국인 소유 제조업체의 경우 모두 기업성장들과 기업규모간에 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 나타나 Gibrat법칙이 기각되었다. 반면 기업나이와 기업성장간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 음의 상관관계를 보임으로써 Jovanovic의 기업성장이론을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzes the relationship between firm growth and factors such as firm size and age of Foreign Direct Investment firms in Korea. It includes the impact of ownership and chaebol on firm growth. The estimation results show that in general, smaller and younger firms grow faster than larger or older firms, for both FDI and domestic firms, rejecting Gibrat's theory of firm growth, but supporting Jovanovic's learning model of firm growth. Nevertheless, foreign ownership had a positive impact on firm growth in general, showing that they have asset specific advantages other than firm size which help them to grow.

실험적 치아이동에 의한 백서 치주인대내 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유의 변화

성정옥,박효상,배용철,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.5

교정력에 의하여 치주인대내에 생긴 압박측에서는 국소적 염증반응과 골 흡수가 활발히 일어나며 신장측은 골 생성이 활발하므로 뒤 두 부위는 서로 다른 조직반응이 일어난다. 치아이동에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유도 압박 및 신장 부위에 따라 다를 것으로 생각된다. 저자등은 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유의 교정력 적용시간에 따른 변화를 관찰하고 압박 및 신장력을 받는 부위에 따른 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 200gm 내외의 생후 9주령 백서 상악 제1 대구치에 Ni-Ti coil spring으로 80gm내외의 교정력을 12시간, 1일, 3일, 7일, 12일동안 가한 후 희생하여 면역 조직화학법으로 염색하여 관찰하였다. · 교정력 적용 12시간 및 1일군에서 압박 및 신장측 모두에서 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유가 감소되었다. · 교정력 적용 3일군에서 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유는 많은 가는 분지가 관찰되며 증가되었고 특히 신장측에서 현저하였다. · 교정력 적용 7일군에서 비교적 굵은 CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유도 증가 되었으며 신장측에서 현저하였다. · 교정력 적용 12일군에서 압박측 치주인대에서는 거의 정상과 유사하였으나 신장측치주인대에서는 증가된 채 유지되었다. · CGRP 면역 양성 신경섬유는 압박측보다 신장측에서 더 많이 증가하여 치아이동시 CGRP가 말초조직에서 염증반응에 관여함과 동시에 골 개조에도 상당한 연관성을 가지고 있을 것으로 생각된다. Bone resorption was predominate in compression site, bone formation in tension site of periodontal ligament during tooth movement. The biologic response at compression site was different from tension site. Thus the CGRP immuno-positive nerve fiber will respond differently to mechanical force according to the area(compression or tension site). The purpose of this study was to investigate this response of CGRP immuno-positive nerve fiber in the periodontal ligament according to the duration of applied force and the area (compression or tension site) during experimental tooth movement. The experimental animals were 7 week old male rat (approximately 200 gm). The orthodontic force was applied mesially to the right maxillary molar using the Ni-Ti coil spring during 12hours, 1, 3, 7, and 12days. Immunohistochemical staining using antibody against CGRP was performed after sacrifice. The results were as follows. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve bundle showed reduced immunoreactivity and nerve fibers reduced in density after application of orthodontic force for 12 hours and 1day. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed many thin branches at the apical periodontal ligament after application of force for 3 days as compared with normal. The tension site in the apical periodontal ligament showed more branches than the compression site. In 7 day group, the CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers increased in terms of the number and had many thin branches in the apical periodontal ligament. The tension site had more branches than the compression site. In 12 day group, the CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed similar distribution to normal control at compression site of apical periodontal ligament, but the fibers at the tension site increased in number. The CGRP immuno-positive nerve fibers showed more increased at tension site than compression site after application of orthodontic force. Therefore it seems to have some relation to the bone remodeling besides the local inflammatory process.

말초염증에 의한 등족뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 합성의 변화

김상열,김정기,김효신,이상지,하선옥,홍해숙,김동선 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

표정인식을 위한 PCA와 템플릿 정합을 사용한 얼굴 요소 추출

우효정, 이슬기, 김동우, 류성필, 안재형 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

This paper proposed an extracting algorithm of human facial components for the recognition of facial expressions. First face image is acquired using the Haar-like feature mask from an input image. The face image is divided into two images. One is the upper image including eye and eyebrow. The other is the lower image including mouth and jaw. The extraction of facial components, such as eye and mouth, begins getting eye image and mouth image. Then eigenfaces are produced by the PCA training process with learning images. An eigeneye and an eigenmouth are produced from eigenfaces. Result eye image is obtained by template matching the upper image with the eigeneye, and the mouth image is obtained by template matching the lower image with the eigenmouth. The simulation results show that the proposed method has superior extraction ratio than previous method.

Loop 空間의 몇가지 性質에 관하여

成孝錫 건국대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

In this note, we consider certain geometrically important submanifolds of the Hibert manifold H1(I.M). The most important ones are the loop space ΩM of H1-curves going from a fixed point p∈M to a fixed point q∈M. We show Ω and Λ are complete with respect to the distance derived form the Riemann metric. It also can be shown that these spaces are geodesically complete and that the gradient vector field E on ΩM and on ΛM satisfies the condition (c) of Palais and Sample[1]

고양이 위 평활근 수축에 대한 Vanadate와 Pervanadate의 효과

심상수,최효봉,심혜선,이덕주,윤신희,한상준,김명석,조양혁 大韓消化器病學會 1999 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

코어방적사직물의 구김회복거동에 관한 연구

성수광,권오경,김효대 한국의류학회 1989 한국의류학회지 Vol.13 No.3

In this paper, the fabric specimen undergoes repeated laundering under given condition. After this cyclic laundering was applied, the crease recoveries of the specimen were measured using shirley crease revovery tester in order to evaluate the effect of factors at given condition during crease deformation. 5 samples of grey plain cloth were desized, alkali-scoured, bleached, whased with water, and air-dried. All tests were made on samples preconditioned to 65% RH and 20℃. The experimental results were analysed statistically to relate crease recoveries and the properties of smaples, recovery periods (time) of crease. Furthermore, the crease recoveries of core-spun yarn woven fabrics were discussed in comparison with those values for 100% combed cotton yarn woven fabric and 65% polyester 35% carded cotton blended yarn woven fabric. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Regardless of materials, remarkable decrease are observed in crease recoveries about 1-5 cycles of the repeated laundering, but slack decrease are observed in crease recoveries after 5 cycle of the re-peated laundering. 2. Crease recoveries (a) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to recovery periods (t) of crease as follows; loga=0.01415 logt+2.1168 (r^2=0.94) 3. Core-spun yarn woven fabrics were superior to 100% combed cotton yarn woven fabrics and 65% polyester 35% carded cotton blended yarn woven fabric in crease recoveries. 4. Crease recoveries (a) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to cover factor (CF), thickness (T) at pressure 0.5gf/㎠, weight (W) as follows; loga=-0.3482 logCF-0.4924 logT-0.4727 W+2.4243 (r^2=0.88) 5. Crease recoveries (a) of core-spun yarn woven fabrics are relate to 2HB/B, 2HB/W, ^3√B/W, WC/T which are concerning to formation of weared clothes and bending tran formation behavior as follows; log a=0.0091 2HB/B+0.4667 2HB/W+0.0185 ^3√B/W-+0.0114 WC/T+1.8433 (r^2=0.86)

Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes

Sung-Sam Hwang,Hyo-Sun Seo,Tae-Young Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Hwang, Sung-Sam, SeD, Hyo-Sun, Kim, Tae-Young. 2010. Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes: A Case Study Focusing on Korea-specific Cultural Aspects. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). In this case study, we have focused on the disempowerment of a Korean English teacher (KET) in English-only classrooms. Six English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in a Korean high school were observed and analyzed by using interpretive discourse analysis. Out of the six classes, three representative classrooms were both video- and audio-taped. The results show that the English-only classes could weaken the KETs' power via three mechanisms: (a) calling the KETs' last name for choral greetings at the beginning of the class, (b) students' group solidarity and peer pressure between classmates, and (c) the students' excessively collaborative approach to peer assistance. It is argued that the exclusive English-only instruction disempowers the KETs' status and dismantles their vocational identity. In order to remedy the current situation, within a scaffolding supported by the eclectic use of first language where necessary for effective class management, KETs are empowered and overcome constraints imposed by the limited L2 oral competence of some non-native English teachers.