Patterns of Laryngeal Neutralization : Asymmetry between Glottalization and Aspiration

Um, Hye Young 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.1

Um, Hye-Young. 1999. Patterns of Laryngeal Neutralization: Asymmetry between Glottalization and Aspiration. Linguistics, 7-1, 161-180. This paper addresses the question: do all laryngeal features show the same behavior with regard to the laryngeal neutralization phenomenon? In examining the laryngeal neutralization patterns in languages with both aspirated and glottalized consonants, it is found that in some languages aspirated consonants and glottalized consonants behave differently with regard to the Laryngeal Constraint (Lombardi 1991) when only one laryngeal feature is neutralized. In languages with single-feature neutralization, the syllable-final contrast is always between glottalized and non-glottalized segments: the aspiration contrast is more frequently neutralized in syllable-final position. This paper proposes that the asymmetry between the features [spread glottis] and [constricted glottis] is due to their phonetic properties. Tat is, glottalized consonants have more cues to convey their distinctiveness in syllable-final position than aspirated consonants. The aspirated consonant has difficulty implementing its primary cue, VOT, in syllable-final or preconsonantal position, whereas the glottalized consonant can realize its glottalization in the preceding vowel. The observations made in examining the laryngeal neutralization typology in this paper suggest that phonetically-motivated constraints are needed for the explanation of the laryngeal feature distribution. (Korea University)

Typology of glottalized sonorants: distributional patterns and phonetic explanations

Hye-Young Um 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.2

Um, Hye-Young. 2001. Typology of glottalized sonorants: distributional patterns and phonetic explanations, Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.2, 333-352. This paper examines the phonetic characteristics and the distribution of glottalized sonorants from a cross-linguistic point of view in order to provide a better phonetic explanation for their distributional patterns. In the examination of glottalized sonorants in 17 languages, it is found that glottalized sonorants are largely preglottalized, rather than postglottalized, and in some languages they are realized phonetically differently according to the context. The general tendencies of the relationship between the distribution and phonetic realizations of glottalized sonorants found in this survey are: I. Syllable-initially glottalized sonorants are mostly preglottalized, and never postglottalized; 2. Syllable-finally glottalization is variably realized on any part of the sonorant. I claim that these tendencies are due to both articulatory and perceptual reasons. (Myongji University)

Preparation of new natural silk non-woven fabrics by using adhesion characteristics of sericin and their characterization

Lee, Ji Hye,Bae, Yeon Su,Kim, Su Jin,Song, Dae Woong,Park, Young Hwan,Bae, Do Gyu,Choi, Jin Hyun,Um, In Chul ELSEVIER 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Electro-spun regenerated silk webs have been extensively studied for biomedical applications because of the simplicity of their fabrication methods However, the productivity of the electro-spinning process is low for web fabrication and the mechanical properties of the electro-spun silk web are not satisfactory, which restricts its commercialization. In this study, a new silk non-woven fabric was successfully fabricated by wetting and hot press treatments using the excellent binding characteristic of sericin. The effects of the press temperature and residual sericin content on the preparation, structure, and properties of the silk non-woven fabric were examined. A press temperature of 200°C was optimum for obtaining non-woven fabrics with best mechanical properties, without yellowing. The silk non-woven fabric could not be fabricated without sericin, and a minimum of 8% sericin was required to fabricate it. As the sericin content was increased, the strength and Young’s modulus of the silk non-woven fabric increased, while the tensile elongation remained constant. Regardless of the press temperature and sericin content, all the silk non-woven fabrics showed good cell viability, comparable to that of the tissue culture plate (TCP) used as a control until 4days, which however decreased compared to that of TCP after 7days.</P>

조리방법에 따른 식품 중 영양소 잔존률(retention factor)에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 채소류 및 감자류 Vegetablesn ane potatoes

김대병,장영미,김인복,이혜영,장재희,박정현,엄세정 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

조리조건에 따른 식품의 영양소 잔존를을 측정하여 보다 정확한 조리식풍에 의한 영양소 섭취량을 평가할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 합리적인 영양소섭취량 조사, 영양 평가를 위한 개선책을 제시하고자 끓였다. 대상 시료와 조리법은 시금치(데치기, 끓이기), 배추(끓이기), 콩나물(데치기, 끓이기), 호박(끓이기, 볶기). 당근(끓이기, 볶기), 우엉(조림), 감자(끓이기, 볶기)이었으며, 조리 전 후의 비타민 A(β -carotene), Bl, B2, C, E, 나이아신, 칼슘, 철, 아연, 칼륨, 인, 나트륨의 함량을 분석하여 조리법에 따른 잔즌률을 국하였다. 조리조건별 잔존률을 구한 결과 무기질은 데치기의 경우 조리수를 제거하므로 손실이 있었으나 끓이기, 볶기 등의 조리법에서는 손실이 거의 없었다. 비타민 A와 I는 대부분 80%이상으로 많이 손실되지 않았으며 비타민 Bi은 데치기가 가장 낮았고, 조림, 괄이기, 볶기의 순으로 잔존률이 높았다. 비타민 B2와 나이아신은 비타민 Bi보다는 잔존를이 높은 경향이었다. 비타민 C는 대부 분의 조리법에서 크페 손실되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 합리적이고 정확한 영양소 섭취량 평가를 위한 기초자료로서 기존의 평가방법을 개선 보완하여 영양소섭취량 평가으 과학화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. In various mutrition activities, the necessary values of nutrient intake were usually calculated from food composition tables which have nutrient contents of raw ingredients and dishes, but Korean food composition tables of dishes were lacking, So we studied todetermine the nutnent retention factors(RF) of vegetables and potatoes by cooking methods. Atfirst, we surveyed cooking methods of vegetables and potatoes, and selected major vegetablesand cooking methods. Selected items and cooking methods were sp.mach(blanching and boiling),cRnese cabbage(boiling), soybean sprout(bBanchlng and boiling), pumpkin(boiling andstir-frying), carlot(boiling and stir-frying), burdock(braising), and potato(boiling and stir-frying)We analyzed 6 vitamins luhich were vitamin A(β-carotene), Bl, B2, C, E, and niacin, and 6minerals which were calciurrl, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. The results wereas follows : Minerals almost retained in boiling, stir-frying, except in blanching method, RF ofvitamin A and I were 80% or more. RF of vitandn Bl were decreased in order of sfir-frying,boiling, braising, blanching and the RF of vitamin B2 and niacin were higher than vitandn Bl,RF of the vitamin C were varird in So~90% in all cooking methods

Effect of Empowerment on Perceived Person-Environment Fit and Work Engagement: Focusing on Online Travel Platform Employees

Ji-Young Um(Ji-Young Um),Hye-Yeon Park(Hye-Yeon Park),Sun-Young Yoon(Sun-Young Yoon) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.1

Purpose - COVID-19 has dramatically changed the business landscape, and the travel industry is no exception. The industry is undergoing a paradigm shift to the platform business, and traditional travel agencies are moving their businesses to online platforms. However, in this irreversible global paradigm shift, it is not easy for travel companies to hire and retain employees, especially companies in the IT sector. Studies typically study consumers, such as selection attributes and satisfaction with travel platforms. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been almost no studies on employees. This study explored how the empowerment of online travel platform employees influences their perceived person-environment (P-E) fit and work engagement. Design/Methodology/Approach - We analyzed data from 352 employees of 26 domestic online travel platforms who were surveyed in January and February 2021. After coding the collected data, we analyzed it using frequency, exploratory factor, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analyses using IBM SPSS Statistics, ver. 20.0. Findings - First, enhancing the meaningfulness of work and organizational autonomy influences personjob (P-J) fit and person-organization (P-O) fit. Second, enhancing the meaningfulness of work significantly influences vigor, dedication, and absorption in terms of work engagement, while organizational autonomy significantly influences work engagement vigor. Third, P-J fit and P-O fit influence the vigor of work engagement, and P-O fit influences dedication and absorption. Research Implications - This study demonstrated that the empowerment of travel platform employees can improve perceived P-E fit and work engagement. Thus, if organizations guarantee some degree of empowerment, employees will be energized and engaged more in their workplace. Finally, this helps expand the scope of online travel platform research from the perspective of personnel organization.

Altered Gene Expression and Intracellular Changes of the Viable But Nonculturable State in Ralstonia solanacearum by Copper Treatment

Um, Hae Young,Kong, Hyun Gi,Lee, Hyoung Ju,Choi, Hye Kyung,Park, Eun Jin,Kim, Sun Tae,Murugiyan, Senthilkumar,Chung, Eunsook,Kang, Kyu Young,Lee, Seon-Woo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.4

Environmental stresses induce several plant pathogenic bacteria into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, but the basis for VBNC is largely uncharacterized. We investigated the physiology and morphology of the copper-induced VBNC state in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in liquid microcosm. Supplementation of $200{\mu}M$ copper sulfate to the liquid microcosm completely suppressed bacterial colony formation on culture media; however, LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability staining showed that the bacterial cells maintained viability, and that the viable cells contain higher level of DNA. Based on electron microscopic observations, the bacterial cells in the VBNC state were unchanged in size, but heavily aggregated and surrounded by an unknown extracellular material. Cellular ribosome contents, however, were less, resulting in a reduction of the total RNA in VBNC cells. Proteome comparison and reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that the Dps protein production was up-regulated at the transcriptional level and that 2 catalases/peroxidases were present at lower level in VBNC cells. Cell aggregation and elevated levels of Dps protein are typical oxidative stress responses. $H_2O_2$ levels also increased in VBNC cells, which could result if catalase/peroxidase levels are reduced. Some of phenotypic changes in VBNC cells of R. solanacearum could be an oxidative stress response due to $H_2O_2$ accumulation. This report is the first of the distinct phenotypic changes in cells of R. solanacearum in the VBNC state.

The Perception of Word Boundaries by Korean College EFL Learners

Um, Hye-Young 대한언어학회 2006 언어학 Vol.14 No.3

Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 β polymorphisms in sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Um, Jae-Young,Jang, Chul-Ho,Kim, Hye-Lin,Cho, Young-Bum,Park, Jinbong,Lee, Seung Joo,Kim, Yoon Bum,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Ahn, Kwang Seok,Jang, Hyeung-Jin,Lee, Seok-Geun,Lee, Hyejung,Lee, Kang-Min,Kim, Su-Jin,H Informa Healthcare 2013 Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology Vol.35 No.1

<P>The cause and pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remain unknown. IL-1β is one of the most powerful inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) gene polymorphisms (−511 C/T and +3953 C/T) in patients with SSNHL. One hundred two patients affected by SSNHL and 595 controls were genotyped for IL-1β gene polymorphisms. The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA fragment separation via electrophoresis. Compared to controls, the IL-1β (+3953) T allele increased the relative risk of SSNHL in subjects with IL-1β (−511) TT genotype (<I>p</I> = 0.022, OR = 9.111, 95% CI = 1.441-57.618). In this study, polymorphisms in the IL-1β −511 and IL-1β +3953 loci were assessed for evidence of association with SSNHL. From this assessment, a significant difference in carriage of both the IL-1β −511 T allele and the IL-1β +3953 T allele was observed between SSNHL and controls. This suggests that the IL-1β −511 and +3953 loci may play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of SSNHL.</P>

The distribution and timing pattern of glottalized sonorants: Phonetics based phonological approach reconsidered

Hye-Young Um 한국음운론학회 2007 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.13 No.3

  The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the ‘licensing by cue’ approach in explaining the distributional pattern of the glottalized sonorant. Some of the previous analyses and proposals (Steriade 1997, Silverman 1995) have been presented with simplified data, lacking exhaustive examinations of the available resources. In this paper, I present more comprehensive data of the distribution and phonetic realizations of glottalized sonorants, and analyze the distributional pattern by using the phonetic cues. It is shown that although the licensing by cue approach provides productive and insightful results, it is not possible to account for their various distributional patterns with reference only to the phonetic cue.

Phonetic realizations of /h/ after a sonorant in Korean

Hye-Young Um 한국음운론학회 2014 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.20 No.3

In Korean /h/ is known to be optionally deleted between a voiced segment and a vowel or a glide. The current study investigates the phonetic realization of Korean /h/ occurring after a sonorant consonant, questioning the validity of complete /h/ deletion and raising the issue of possible influence of /h/ on the preceding sonorant. In the production experiment with two-syllable minimal pairs where one member contains a sonorant followed by /h/ and the other contains only a sonorant, such as /kamhi/ ‘dare’ and /kami/ ‘persimmon-nom’, it was found that the duration of the sonorant preceding underlying /h/ is shorter than that of the sonorant not followed by /h/ even when /h/ itself is not acoustically manifested. The results suggest that /h/ usually considered to be deleted in casual speech is in fact not completely deleted in the sense that it affects the preceding sonorant.