박경리의 『파시』에 나타난 타자 의식 연구 -‘고통’과 ‘책임’의 윤리를 중심으로-

이혜경 ( Lee Hye-kyung ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2019 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.40

이 논문은 박경리의 장편소설 『파시』에 나타난 타자 의식에 대해 레비나스의 이론을 원용하여 살펴보고자 한다. 레비나스에 의하면 주체는 타자의 존재로 인해 그 주체성이 성립될 수 있음을 말하며, 타자의 고통을 환대하고 대속(代贖)적 책임을 져야 한다고 강조한다. 이러한 윤리적 태도의 요청은 『파시』에서도 잘 드러나고 있다. 『파시』는 크게 두 서사를 중심축으로 전개되고 있으며, 각각 ‘신체’와 ‘의식’이 문제적으로 제시되고 있다. 먼저 ‘수옥/학수’로서, 수옥은 전쟁으로 인한 피난민 여성으로 신체를 유린당한다. 이러한 타자의 ‘고통’을 희생적 태도로 ‘책임’을 지고자 하는 주체가 학수이다. 다음으로 ‘명화/응주’로서, 명화는 광기라는 혈통에 고뇌하는 지식인 여성으로 의식이 절하된다. 이러한 타자의 ‘고통’을 완전히 수용하지 못하고 자신의 의식적 혼돈으로 인해 ‘책임’에서 멀어져 있는 주체가 응주이다. 결론적으로 수옥은 새로운 생명을 잉태함으로써 단절이 아닌 ‘지속(持續)’의 가능성을 보여주고, 명화는 현실을 벗어남으로써 새롭게 삶을 ‘재생(再生)’하게 된다. 이로써 타자들의 불행한 삶은 실존의 의미를 추구해 가는 과정이었다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그렇다면, 『파시』라는 ‘제목’과 ‘서사’와의 상관성을 주목해 볼 필요가 있는데, 이를 통해 작가 의식 또한 추론해 볼 수 있다. ‘파시(波市)’는 이해득실에 따라 거래가 성립되는 것을 뜻하는 것으로, 여기에는 개개인의 타산적 욕망이 중요하게 작용한다. 예컨대 서울댁과 서영래는 수옥의 ‘신체’를 거래의 대상으로 삼았고, 박 의사는 명화의 ‘혈통(광기)’을 거부의 대상으로 삼음으로써 각각 비윤리적인 태도를 보여준다. 그러므로 작가 박경리는 타자가 지닌 고유한 인간으로서의 존엄성을 심각하게 훼손하는 작품의 형상화를 통해, 인간이 지녀야 할 진정한 윤리적 지향점과 그 실천적 태도를 제시하고 있는 것이다. This thesis intends to take a look at the theory of Emmanuel Levinas regarding the consciousness of the other party (l'Autre) displayed on 『Pasi』, a long novel of Park, Kyung-ri. According to Levinas, the main subject may establish the identity due to the existence of the other party and it emphasizes that the pain of the other party is to be hospitable and take up the redeemable responsibility. The request on such ethical attitude is demonstrated well no 『Pasi』. 『Pasi』 has two narratives to be deployed on the pivotal aspect and it presents each of 'body' and 'consciousness' for the issues. First of all, there were 'Soo-ok and Hak-soo', and with respect to Soo-ok, she was violated of her body as a refugee woman of war. With the sacrificial attitude of 'pain' inflicted on other parties, the subject to take on the 'responsibility' is Hak-soo. Next issue would be 'Myeong-hwa and Ong-joo' that Myeong-hwa was an intelligent woman who was antagonized of her lineage in madness with the decline of consciousness. Ong-joo was the subject to be far distance away from the 'responsibility' due to the conscious chaos herself with unable to completely accommodating the 'pain' of the other party. Conclusively, Soo-ok conceived a new life to display the possibility of 'sustenance', not the disconnection, while Myeong-hwa broke away from the reality for 'regeneration' a new life. Henceforth, the unfortunate lives of the other parties are affirmed that it is a process to pursue the existential implication. If so, it is imperative to take a look at the relativity between the title of 『Pasi』 and 'Narrative', and through this endeavor, the consciousness of the writer can also be presumed. 'Pasi' means to establish a transaction depending on pros and cons that it has the self-egoistic desire of each individual to work with significant implication. For example, Seoul Lady and Seo, Young-lae had taken the 'body' of Soo-ok as the subject of trading while doctor Park had taken the 'lineage (madness)' of Myeong-hwa as the subject of refusal in a way of displaying the unethical attitude of respective party. Therefore, the author, Park, Kyung-ri, suggests the genuine and ethical focal point and practical attitude for a human to keep through the imagery of work that seriously damages the dignity as a unique human being for the other party to keep.

Linguistic Variations between English News Headlines in the U.S. and Those in Korea

( Hye Kyung Lee ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.2

Lee, Hye-Kyung, 2012, linguistic Variations between English News Headlines in the U.S. and Those in Korea, Linguistic Research 29(2), 329-350, This paper aims to address the similarities and differences between headlines of English political news in America and those in Korea. Acknowledging the contribution of the previous research towards the understanding of news headlines, the current paper investigates how the composing of news headlines is influenced by and interrelated with extra-linguistic factors such as the consideration of the target audience`s knowledge states or interests. For this purpose, two sets of data are collected from major online news sites within both countries and the collected data are classified according to the working criteria, especially in terms of employed structural patterns. The results regarding the comparison of the two sets of headlines reveal that headlines in Korean data employ shorter sentential headlines and a smaller variety of tense/aspect of sentences compared to American English counterparts. It is also discovered that cultural factors such as naming conventions practiced in the linguistic/cultural communities are taken into account. These differences are attributed to the consideration of the target audience`s multi-faceted states such as knowledge states, beliefs, or interests. At the same time, the two sets of data show similarities in terms of the variety of structural patterns they deploy.

Fabrication of carbon nanofiber electrodes using poly(acrylonitrile‑co‑vinylimidazole) and their energy storage performance

Kyung‑Hye Jung,So Jeong Kim,Ye Ji Son,John P. Ferraris 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.2

For electrodes in electrochemical double-layer capacitors, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by thermal treatment of precursor polymer nanofibers, fabricated by electrospinning. Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylimidazole) (PAV) was employed as a precursor polymer of carbon nanofibers due to the effective cyclization of PAV polymer chains during thermal treatment compared to a typical precursor, polyacrylonitrile (PAN). PAV solutions with different comonomer compositions were prepared and electrospun to produce precursor nanofibers. Surface images obtained from scanning electron microscopy showed that their nanofibrous structure was well preserved after carbonization. It was also confirmed that electrospun PAV nanofibers were successfully converted to carbon nanofibers after the carbonization step by Raman spectroscopy. Carbon nanofiber electrodes derived from PAV showed higher specific capacitances and energy/power densities than those from PAN, which was tested by coin-type cells. It was also shown that PAV with an acrylonitrile/vinylimidazole composition of 83:17 is most promising for the carbon nanofiber precursor exhibiting a specific capacitance of 114 F/g. Their energy and power density are 70.1 Wh/kg at 1 A/g and 9.5 W/kg at 6 A/g, respectively. In addition, pouch cells were assembled to load the higher amount of electrode materials in the cells, and a box-like cyclic voltammetry was obtained with high capacitances.

호산구성 간농양 54예의 임상상

강혜련,권혁수,송우정,이상민,김태범,박혜경,장윤석,김윤근,조상헌,민경업,김유영 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

유아의 다중지능 향상을 위한 요리 활동프로그램의 효과 검증

김혜란 ( Hye Ran Kim ),이경화 ( Kyung Hwa Lee ),서호찬 ( Ho Chan Seo ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 뇌교육연구소 2014 뇌교육연구 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구는 유아기의 다중지능 발달의 중요성을 인식하고 유아를 위한 효율적인 교육프로그램을 제공할 수 있는 기초자료를 확보하고자 요리활동 프로그램을 제작하고 적용해봄으로써 요리활동이 유아의 다중지능 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 교육적 의의를 가진다. 연구의 대상자는 서울시에 소 재한 S유치원의 만 5세 유아 30명을 무선 선정한 후 실험집단과 통제집단에 15명씩 무선 배치하였다. 연구도구는 만 3, 4, 5세를 대상으로 개발하여 표준화시킨 유아 다중지능 검사 도구를 사용하였으며, 수집된 자료는 사전·사후 검사로 t-test를 실시하여 집단 간의 차이를 확인하였다. 8주간의 요리활동으로 실험집단과 통제집단을 비교하여 볼 때 실험집단에서 유아들의 다중지능 향상에 도움을 주었으며 구체적으로 언어 지능, 논리·수학 지능, 시각·공간 지능, 신체운동감각 지능, 음악 지능, 개인이해 지능, 자연탐구 지능에 각각 유 의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 결과로 요리활동은 유아의 오감을 모두 사용하는 최적의 활동으로 지식이나 기술 습득뿐 아니라 공감과 만족감을 맛볼 수 있다는 점에서 가치 있는 활동으로 제시될 수 있으며 유아 개개인이 지니고 있는 각자의 다 양한 지적 특성에 적합한 교육적 경험의 기회로 요리활동이 활용되어지기를 기대한다. This study has its educational significance in the sense that I have tried to identify the importance of multiple intelligence development during ch ildhood and find out whether or not children``s multiple intelligence can be improved by such programs as cooking activities that have been produced and applied for the purpose of securing basic materials that can provide young children with efficient programs. To attain at its gold of study, I have established the following assumptions and verified its effects. The targets of research were randomly selected from 5-aged 30 children of S kindergarten located in Seoul and 30 of them were arranged into a test group and a control group. The measurement in this research were taken using inspection tools for children``s multiple intelligence developed and standardized for ages of 3, 4, and 5 by Kyung-Hwa Lee. The collected materials have been processed using t-test to find out effect of pre and post-examination through t-test in order to verify significance between those two groups. These are summaries of the result carried out on this study. At first, cooking activities have had impact on children``s linguistic intelligence, showing significant difference statistically, therefore cooking activities having always positive effect on improvement of children``s linguistic intelligence. Second, cooking activities have had impact on children``s logics`` math intelligence, showing significant difference statistically, therefore cooking activities having always positive effect on improvement of children``s logics`` math intelligence. Third. cooking activities have had impact on children``s visual`` spacial intelligence, showing significant difference statistically, therefore cooking activities having always positive effect on improvement of children``s visual`` spacial intelligence. Fourth, cooking activities have had impact on children``s music intelligence, showing significant difference statistically, therefore cooking activities having always positive effect on improvement of children``s music intelligence. Fifth, cooking activities have had impact on children``s inter-personal intelligence, showing significant difference statistically, therefore cooking activities having always positive effect on improvement of children``s inter-personal intelligence. Sixth, cooking activities have had impact on children``s personal understanding intelligence, showing significant difference statistically, therefore cooking activities having always positive effect on improvement of children``s personal understanding intelligence. As a result of taking universal consideration of such results of the study, cooking activities is regarded as a worthy activity not only for acquiring knowledge or technology as an optimal activity that uses all of children``s five senses, but also for experiencing successive feeling and satisfaction. Accordingly, I hope that these cooking activities might be utilized as a educational opportunity from which children enjoy various intellectual characteristics of their own.

노인의 성격과 죽음태도에 관한 탐색적 연구

유경원,박상하,김혜숙,정경인 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the personality of elderly people affects their attitude toward death. Method: For this study, we investigated 86 old men and women with over the age of 60 in C and J nursing home for the old at Gwang ju city during January 5 to March 31, 2003. As a research tool, the total 20 questions of modified Shanans assorted survey method to measure personality style were used and the reliability of this study was Cronbach's α= 0.7507. For determination of attitude of death, the total 36 questions of FODS, which has been used by Suh, Hye-Kyung were used and the reliability of this study was Cronbach's α= 0.60. Using SPSS program, the collected data were analyzed by Frequency, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively. Results: In the analyze of the results of personality complying with general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in age. It was shown that the personality of the old with the age of 61-65 is positive. There were no significant differences in thee attitude toward death complying with general characteristics. The hypothesis in this study, the correlation that the more positive personality of the old, the more positive attitude toward death was supported. Conclusion: Since the elderly people with more positive personality may have more positive attitude toward death, it is considered that the old themselves, their family and workers might help to haw positive personality for the positive attitude toward death.

월남 여성작가 임옥인 소설의 집 모티프와 자유

정혜경(Chung, Hye-kyung) 한국어문학회 2015 語文學 Vol.0 No.128

I focused on these keywords ‘defector’, ‘woman’, ‘writer’ that were supposed to be the key way to analyze Im Ok-in’s works. Her female characters in her early works with passion desired the liberty from any kinds of collective subject and tried to build her own home as a modern individual. Around defector tended to emphasize the external reality such as communism rather than the harsh self-criticism. This novel was not obedient to the anti-communism and formed the inevitability of defector at the level of internal motivation. ‘My love, my baby, my own room, my books’ are the components that construct ‘my home’ and explain her identity. When they were all buried, she had no choice but leaving North Korea. The Adventure of Daily Life showed lots of daily episodes but its main structure was made of two characters in terms of unconsciousness. Kang Beon-gil, the prisoner, symbolized the desire of liberty from control that was a kind of trace of passion. Meanwhile, Han Il-seok symbolized the other desire of building my own home that was originated from the orphan experience just after moving to South Korea across the border. The more important thing is that the action of getting there and back between ‘building home’ and ‘the liberty from home’ showed the ‘abject’ like blood. That can be translated regarding the diaspora. The ‘abject’ like blood in Im Ok-in’s novel can be the writer’s ethics because she attempted to get the continuous sufferings between the ambivalent desires during the national devision.

여성의 노동사를 통해 본 일과 가족의 접합

김혜경(Kim Hye-Kyung) 한국여성연구소 2007 페미니즘 연구 Vol.7 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 1960년대의 산업화 이래 최근까지 40여년간의 취업여성들의 노동사를 그들이 살아낸 가족사와 함께 살펴보면서 양영역의 접합이 한국사회의 친족체계, 젠더관계와 어떠한 관련을 맺으며 진행되었는가를 역사적으로 분석하고자 하는 것이다. 연구방법은 생애사 심층면접 자료를 통한 질적 분석으로, 사례는 60년대 중반 이래 현재까지 약 40년의 역사 속에서 시기별로 대표적인 여성 직업에 종사했던 24명이다. 그리고 이들이 일과 가족의 양립부담이 큰 시기를 어떠한 방법으로 통과해왔는가를 보고자 하여, 주요시기별로 자녀양육기를 5년 이상 경험한 사례에 한정하였다. 연구결과 취업여성들은 출산을 조절하거나 유산을 감행하는 것과 같은 재생산적 전략을 취하거나, 생애주기에 따라 육아를 병행할 수 있는 가정안에서의 노동(가족종사자)과 가정밖에서의 노동(임금노동자) 사이를 이동하면서, 그리고 지역사회 네트웤과 친족 지원망을 적절히 활용하면서 가족집단의 생존을 유지하고 자신의 개인으로서의 정체성과 권한을 확보하고자 노력하였다. 그러나 그 중에서도 친족망은 개인적 역량의 제한, 미비한 국가적 정책지원, 기업의 가족친화정책이 부재한 한국의 역사 속에서 매우 커다란 효율성을 발휘한 자원으로 나타났다. 특히 부계가족의 제도적 한계는 모계적 친족망에의 의존성을 높여온 것으로 드러났다. 친족관계의 변화라는 전략의 선택은 그만큼 핵가족적 질서내에서의 젠더관계의 변화가 어려운 현실을 반증하는 결과이기도 한데, 90년대 중반 이후 점점 더 많은 취업여성들이 모계적인 수정확대가족적 재구성을 양립전략으로 채택한 것으로 나타났다. This study, based upon the life history approach of 24 working women since 1960’s, examines the articulation of work and family in Korea, focussing the change of the familial forms and the kinship relationship. The results show that the working women have used the diverse strategies for child caring and reconciling the work-family conflicts, like abortion, controling the birth interval, moving between the work in home and outside following the life cycle, and mobilizing the community networks, Among them a reconstitution of the kinship relations proved the most useful strategy. Especially the modified extened family with the matrilineal orientation has broadly been used by the working women. The unbening gender relations in the nuclear family was revealed as the backdrop behind those kinship system change.

"빈집" 모티프의 서사적 주제 양상 비교

정혜경 ( Hye Kyung Chung ) 현대문학이론학회 2014 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.59

본고는 문학주제론(literary thematics)의 일환으로, 동일한 모티프(motif)로 구축된텍스트들이 어떻게 다른 주제(theme)를 생성해 내는지에 대해 고찰하였다. ‘빈집’이라는 공간적 표상은 은폐성·분리성·고립성이라는 ‘내면’의 특징을 고스란히 구현하고 있다는 점에서 “내향화 경향”을 드러낸 1990년대 이후 문학의 전형적인 표상이라 볼 수있다. 본고는 『빈집』이라는 동일한 제목을 가진 세 편의 소설을 비교 분석하기 위해‘집 이미지, 빈집의 장소 경험, 시간성’이라는 세 가지 척도를 제시하였다. 신경숙의 .빈집.(1994)은 ‘아란후에스 궁전’이라는 이상화된 집과 큰 격차를 보이는 ‘소리(소음)로 가득찬 집’이 ‘빈집’의 원인이었고 주인공은 빈집에서 자아와 타자의 환상적 동일시를 통하여 비밀의 봉인이라는 영원성을 추구하였다. 오수연의 『빈집』(1997)은 ‘불안으로 가득찬 집’이 ‘빈집’을 만들었고, 인물들 간의 상사성(相似性)이 하나의 계열을 형성함으로써 비밀을 공유할 수 있는 가능성이 탐색되는데 이때 빈집의 시간은 일종의 ‘일시정지’를 가리킨다. 김인숙의 『빈집』(2012)은 ‘확신으로 가득찬 집’이 집의 균형을 깨뜨렸으며 결말에서 ‘그’는 빈집을 타자 없는 자아의 절대 공간으로 만들어 비밀의 절대성을 확보하는데 이는 반복의 시간성을 함축한다. I tried to analyze the thematic variations of ``empty house`` in terms of literary thematics. ``Empty house`` can be told the typical representation of 1990~2000s. For comparative analysis I suggested three criteria ``home image, sense of empty house, time``. 『Empty house』(1994) written by Kyung-sook Shin shows the image of home full of noises. His guitar performance reaches the ultimate silence. This short story pursues eternity through fantastic identification between the self and the other. 『Empty house』(1997) written by Soo-Yeon Oh shows the image of home full of anxiety. Characters with similitude forms a paradigmatic relation and pursues the possibility of sharing. The sense of time in this short story is a kind of ``pause``.『Empty house』(2012) written by In-sook Kim shows the image of home with confirmation that broke the balance of home. The empty house has a kind of absolutes that is formed through self without the other and implies the sense of repetition.

1990년대 여성소설에 나타나는 연애 모티프의 두 양상 : 신경숙과 은희경 소설 비교 분석

정혜경 순천향대학교 인문과학연구소 2007 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.19 No.-

This paper attempts to analyze differences between 「The place where anorgan was」(in 『The place where an organ was』 written by Shin, Kyung-sook) and 「Clearly immoral love」(in 『Happy people do not look at their watch』 written by Eun, Hee-kyung). Both works have the same motif, that is to say 'love motif'(adultery) but different textures and themes. 「The place where an organ was」 is a kind of letter with the present progressive from and has a style of 'hesitation'. The narrator clears a path for nature and moves toward family community spontaneously. The rural community does a important role in this work. In 「Clearly immoral love」 the narrator looks back on the past in a firm attitude. The juxtaposition of retrospection shows a distance of narrator to multiple selves, It gets a nihilistic cynicism. The urban life influences on her attitude toward a existential solitude.