국내 역사공원의 지정 및 조성 경향 분석

길지혜,박희성,박재민,Gil, Ji-Hye,Park, Hee-Soung,Park, Jae-Min 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.2

2005년 도시공원법 개정 이후 국내에는 역사유산의 보전은 물론 도시민의 휴식과 교육을 함께 도모할 수 있는 역사공원이 등장하였다. 이제는 역사공원의 운영 실태를 통해 국내 역사공원의 특성을 알고 그에 따른 제도적 보완을 모색할 때이다. 본 연구는 주요 국가의 역사공원 제도의 특성과 국내 역사공원의 지정 및 조성 경향을 분석하여 역사공원의 기능과 역할을 점검하고 향후 대응 방향을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구는 문헌고찰을 중심으로 하되, 역사공원 현황과 조성 과정을 관계 공무원과 전문가에게 전화 및 이메일로 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 역사자원은 주로 조선시대 유적에 집중되어 있지만 인물, 사건, 장소 등의 유산도 포함되며 근대기 유산도 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 역사공원은 기존도시와 신도시, 대도시와 지방도시 사이에 차이가 있으며 지방도시는 최근 경제 활성화와 정체성 강화를 위한 중요한 자원으로 역사공원을 이용하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 공원의 종류를 역사공원으로 변경한 경우, 기존 기능과 일부 상충하는 문제가 발생하였다. 국내 역사공원은 역사유산공원, 역사기념공원, 역사주제공원과 역사적공원의 네 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 세부적 유형분류는 향후 역사유산의 보전과 활용을 위한 전략적 토대가 되며 역사공원의 구체적인 운영 방향을 제시하는 기준이 될 수 있다. After the revision of the Urban Park Act in 2005, historical parks emerged in Korea to promote the preservation of historical heritage while also offering recreation and education to ordinary citizens. It is now time to examine the characteristics of domestic historical parks by examining their current operational conditions, and seek appropriate institutional improvements. By studying the characteristics of historical parks in various countries, as well as the trends in the designation and development of domestic historical parks, this study attempts to examine the function and role of historical parks, and seeks a direction for future action. Through its literature review, this study also examines the current state of historical parks through cooperation with relevant public officials and experts. The results of the study show that, despite historical resources being concentrated in sites dating to the Joseon Dynasty, they also include heritage pertaining to persons, events, and places. There is also a trend toward increasing the focus on modern heritage. Historical parks show differences across existing cities and new towns, as well as between major cities and provincial cities. Provincial cities showed a recent trend of using historical parks as important resources for strengthening their economics and solidifying their identities. Also, there are many cases where the designated category for a park is changed to a historical park. In such cases, there may be a problem where certain functions of the park run into conflict. Domestic historical parks can be divided into four categories: heritage parks, memorial parks, historical theme parks, and historic parks. Such detailed classification schemes may serve as the strategic foundation for later conservation and usage of historical heritage, as well as a standard for suggesting concrete direction in the operation of historical parks.

Carbon reduction and planning strategies for urban parks in Seoul

Jo, Hyun-Kil,Kim, Jin-Young,Park, Hye-Mi Elsevier 2019 Urban forestry & urban greening Vol.41 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study quantified carbon storage and uptake for urban parks in Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea. A total of 38 study parks were selected using a systematic random sampling method and all the trees in the parks were field-inventoried. Carbon storage and uptake by the park trees were estimated applying a quantitative model for urban open-grown trees of each species. Mean carbon storage per unit of park area, basal area, and crown cover by the trees was 38.5 ± 3.0 t/ha, 27.3 ± 0.8 kg/100 cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and 7.4 ± 0.4 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Annual carbon uptake per unit area and cover by the trees averaged 3.5 ± 0.2 t/ha/yr, 2.5 ± 0.1 kg/100 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/yr, and 0.7 ± 0.0 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>/yr, respectively. The major determinants of the levels of carbon storage and uptake were species, density, sizes, and layering structures of the planted trees. The trees across all urban parks in Seoul were estimated to store 222.3 kt of carbon and to annually sequester 20.2 kt of carbon. The trees in these parks played an important role in annually offsetting carbon emissions from gasoline consumption by approximately 2.3% of the total population of the city. The economic value of the annual carbon uptake, which was $7.1million/yr, equaled 15.1% of the annual maintenance budget of the parks in the city. However, the role of study parks as a source of carbon uptake was limited due to the distribution of large grass and impervious areas, the single-layered structures, and the dominance of small trees. Planning strategies were explored to enhance carbon reduction effects of the parks. They included the expansion of tree planting spaces through the minimization of unnecessary grass and paving areas, the active tree planting in the potential planting spaces, the multi-layered planting grouped with larger trees, and the planting of tree species having satisfactory growth rates. This study puts an emphasis on finding out the present carbon offset levels of urban parks on which information is limited and suggesting a future direction of park planning based on a detailed actual survey.</P>

박완서 단편소설에 나타난 말하기 서술시점 연구 -삼인칭 인물에 대해 말하기를 중심으로-

박성혜 ( Sung Hye Park ) 겨레어문학회 2013 겨레어문학 Vol.51 No.-

By investigating how so-called ``telling`` point of narration in each of Park, Wan-seo`s short stories is transformed, this research tried to systemize one of traits which Park`s novels` narrative techniques have. Using ``telling`` point of narration is an universal characteristic realized in the whole of Park`s works. Park used two means to use ``telling`` point of narration, which are ``telling about first-person character`` and ``telling about third-person character``. ``Telling about third-person character`` point of narration can be systemized as narration techniques by ``representing as first-person observer`` and ``using narration by third-person character``. ``Representing as first-person observer`` can be compatible with conventional narration by first-person observer that first-person observer narrates story about third-person character. However, it is quite different with narration by first-person observer that narrator is neutral to third-person character(main character). Instead, ``representing as first-person observer`` point of narration shown in Park`s novels has a trait that authoritative narrative self(narrator) narrates story by maintaining his leading position on observing, representing and even judging main character. On top of that, ``using narration by third-person character`` can be compatible with narration by narrator`s viewpoint or character`s viewpoint in light of conventional points of narration. But, that is different with narration by narrator`s viewpoint that narrator narrates characters on omniscient viewpoint. Also, that has different characteristic with narration by character`s viewpoint that one character narrates story on limited perspective. This means that ``using narration by third-person character`` point of narration in Park`s novels has trait that authoritative narrative self(narrator) maintains the narrative position that he observes, represents, and judges not only third-person main character but also other characters. Though it seems that character ``I`` just doesn`t be shown in her works superficially, position of character is still as same as ``representing as first-person observer``.

Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

박완서 단편소설에 나타난 노년의 삶과 서사

박성혜 ( Sung Hye Park ) 단국대학교 한국문화기술연구소 2013 한국문화기술 Vol.15 No.-

From 1970 when she won a literary award in 《Women Donga》 magazine’s full-length novel contest for lady writers with a novel 『The Naked Tree』at her age of 40 to her death in 2011 at her age of 81, Park, Wan-seo left so many works in quantitative aspect. Through her works overall, topics which her creation motifs repeatedly focused can be categorized as ‘Korean War and division of the nation’, ‘analysis and criticism of reality of ages’, ‘old-age lives and narrative’, and ‘feminism and maternal awareness of life’. This means that Park was motivated to write by conflicts between those topics and critical mind about them. This research focuses on ‘old-age lives and narrative’ of four topics of Park’s novels mentioned on last paragraph. Purpose of the research is to clarify aspects on the topic and characteristics of narrative. It is obvious that old-age lives and narrative in her short-stories should be analyzed in terms of ‘topics’. By searching her short and mediumlength stories, we can realize that there are two aspects of old-age lives and narrative which were chosen by her as topics of her works. One is that there are detailed depiction of finding the elderly’s meaning of existence. The other is that lives of isolation and alienation are depicted in the novels. Park tried to clarify the elderly’s existence by depicting the elderly couple and their love, and lives of the elderly who retired. Also, she delicately described isolated and alienated lives shown by gap between the elderly and their daughters-in-law(or their sons and his wives) or exclusion from the younger. Some literary works such as 「Riverside View」, 「Reunion in the Evening」, 「A Sketch of the Fading Sun 4」, 「A Sketch of the Fading Sun 5」, 「Dried Flower」, 「When a Long and Boring Movie is at the End」, and 「Thorn in a Petal」have topics about the elderly’s existential inquiry. In addition, motif of old-age lives and narrative has orientation to topics which are shown in social relationships especially in family. Some of her works including 「Twilight」, 「Riverside View」, 「Hidden Voice of Paulownia」, 「Dining Table Where Candle is Lighten」 depict lives of isolation and impossibility of communication.

서울시 어린이공원 관리체계에 관한 연구

김도경,박혜진 경희대학교 디자인연구원 2001 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study was to suggest the more efficient system for management in Children's Park through the investigation of the managemental condition. Research sites for managemental system were 3 autonomous districts (Songpa-gu, Nowon-gu, Yangcheon-gu) that have different management system. The summary of conclusions is as follows : 1) There are "The Children's Park management rule" about the Standing rules of Children's Park management in the autonomous district law. 2) Songpa-gu has done the consignment management system to all Children's Parks and Yangcheon-gu has done the direct management system. However, Nowon-gu has done both management systems. 3) In management way, they are frequently going on a tour of inspection to fix and keep security and record their day works. However, Songpa-gu has only the different form that record their works at each Children's Parks. There are some improvements for efficient management with results. This research suggest that : 1) Detail guides for safety management should be made in The Children's Park management rule. 2) It is required for autonomous district to employ one or more managers of each Children's Parks for efficient management. Although, it is quite difficult for a autonomous district to hire additional employee. If they use the residents living near Children's Parks, I could be one of good alternatives. 3) In addition to record the results of dairy works is strongly recommended by usage of computer net-works like Songpa-gu. It is helpful many Children's Parks for few managers to manage.

한국 여성작가 희곡 연구 : 1960년대 박현숙 희곡 연구

박혜령 부산 외국어 대학교 2002 外大論叢 Vol.24 No.-

It is taken granted that Korean plays in 1960's had two main streams, 'Realism' and 'Anti-Realism'. The female playwriters who appeared in 1960's played an important part in making a turning point in the Korean dramatic words, in which the male writers activities had made the main stream. The objects of this thesis are look into and to investigate characters and the position of the female drama works, which have been alienated in the history of modern drams literature. Park Hyun Sook is a first Korean female playwriters, and fully equipped with a character of literature as well as that of play. In this thesis, I choose to of Park Hyun Sook's early plays of 1960's. The figures of Park's early plays are classified into two tendencies, and analyses the problems raised in these works. First, Park's early plays overcome the expressional limitation in realistic drama and providies for a lot of effects when it is staged. At the same time, these plays present the freedom in technics. On the other hand, the women of Park's early plays regarded the happiness of family as the ideal aim of life and they succeed to traditional image of women that is the target of feminist criticism. Therefore to evaluate the whole aspect of Park's plays deep analyses of her dramas in a view point of literature and in that of play should be followed variously and lastly.

테마파크의 환경단서 분석과 발전방안에 관한 연구 : 대전동물원(오­월드) 방문객을 중심으로

박종진(Park, Jong-jin),최지혜(Choi, Jie-hye) 한국부동산정책학회 2017 不動産政策硏究 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate Daejeon Zoo(O-world), which has been attracting attention as a leisure space of Daejeon citizens, in order to complement the scarce tourism resources in Daejeon area and to improve visitor satisfaction and return visit through more efficient and pre - And to suggest a strategy. Especially, it is an empirical study to present the direction that the Daejeon Zoo should prepare or proceed through the analysis of the environmental cues of the Daejeon Zoo. The purpose of this study is to present practical implications. As a result of the study, the most high level of visitor s problems is the necessity to improve the facilities inside the park. In addition, the cost per person is low compared to other theme parks, and the time required to stay is low. Therefore, most of the visitors are not able to use the annual membership or discount program, In order to overcome these problems, it is essential to install more new facilities in the park and to develop new programs that can operate continuously.

Two Types of Negation in Let Imperatives

Hye ran Lee,Jong Un Park 한국생성문법학회 2014 생성문법연구 Vol.24 No.3

This paper aims to complement Park's (2013) approach to let imperatives by presenting new data. Based on Zanuttini's (1996) generalization about the dependency between the presence of TP and the availability of sentential negation, Park claims that the complement clause selected by -key-ha 'let' in Korean can be negated because of the presence of TP, but the one selected by let in English cannot due to the absence of TP. Although his analysis of the distribution of sentential negation is on the right track, there are English data in which the lower clause of let imperatives can be negated with not. We bring together a wider range of data of let imperatives from various sources, which include not only the data with a sequence of Let not NP VP but also those with a sequence of Let NP not VP. These two patterns of negation are reported to be unavailable in let imperatives by Park (2013), which traces back to Potsdam (1998). However, this paper shows with several diagnostics that not serving to negate the lower clause in these two patterns is no t 'sentential' but 'constituent' negation. The conclusion we draw is that despite the structural difference of the lower clause, there is no difference in logical possibilities of negation of the lower clause between the English let imperatives and Korean key-ha-la imperatives.

지리산 국립공원 해발 865 m 지점에서 대기에어로졸입자의 입경별 질량농도 특성

류혜지 ( Hye-ji Ryu ),박정호 ( Jeong-ho Park ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Aerosol mass size distributions were investigated at 865 m high the of Jirisan national park. A nanosampler cascade impactor was used to collect aerosols. The atmospheric aerosol particles had a unimodal mass size distribution, which peaked at 0.5-1.0 μm, and a mass aerodynamic diameter of 1.13 μm. The ann ual average concentrations of TSP, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM1, PM_0.5 and PM_0.1 were 20.9 μg/㎥, 19.3 μg/㎥, 14.9 μg/㎥, 10.7 μg/㎥, 5.3 μg/㎥, 1.2 μg/㎥, respectively. TSP concentrations were below 30 μg/㎥ during the sampling period. On average PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM₁, PM_0.5 and PM_0.1 made up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio was 0.77.