四肢의 Scar Revision에 있어 Modified Millard's Trick의 利用

金勳男,崔性玔,李斗炯,李圭源,皇甫宗演 大韓成形外科學會 1976 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.3 No.1

No matter how various methods may be tried, for scar repair of extremities, the results were not so acceptable unfortunately. Of these procedures, Millard's trick (The Double-Breasted Vest Principle) is the one of most popular methods and which has been loved by many surgeons, esp, plastic surgeons, up to date. However, even this method couldn't satisfied us, because of undesirable disadvantages, and our new repair method, entitle "Modified Millard's Trick Method" was designed with supplement of disadvantages of Millard's Tric in mind and has been used in attempt to prevent recurrence of the usual spread. This approach is advocated for scars in area where stretch-ing is usual or where a careful regular repair has failed to prevent it. If there is any depression associated with the scar, this is corrected simultaneously by advancing both skin flaps in opposite direction. We have tired this new method for 1- cases of patients, esp. for relatively wide linear scar (over 5cm) on extremities.

Tonal domains and nonfinality effects in the Samchuk dialect of Korean

Young-Shik Hwangbo 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.1

Hwangbo, Young-Shik. 2003. Tonal domains and nonfinality effects in the Samchuk dialect of Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9.1. 223-246. This paper deals with tones of the Samchuk dialect of Korean, focusing on typical tonal patterns of nouns. I claim that the underlying forms of Korean tone dialects are marked by tonal boundaries, which later define tonal domains. I argue, following Gim (1988, 1999), that in most cases the positions of tonal boundaries are predictable from Middle Korean side-dots, and thus that all modern tone dialects have the same location of tonal boundaries. In addition, I argue, following Hwangbo (2001), that the different tone realization between dialects results from different constraint ranking. I show that the interesting tonal phenomena of the Samchuk dialect can be explained in a principled manner if we have recourse to the tonal boundaries and tonal domains. More specifically, I show that 'post-accenting' and 'pre-accenting' observed in the Samchuk dialect can be explained as nonfinality effects within tonal domains. (Sungkyul University)

Tones bassed on tonal boundaries: North Kyungsang Korean nouns

Young-Shik Hwangbo 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.1

Hwangbo, Young-Shik. 2000. Tones based on tonal boundaries: North Kyungsang Korean nouns. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.1, 181-206. This paper deals with nominal tones of North Kyungsang Korean. It will be argued that tonal classes must not be specified by underlying tones themselves (the Underlying Tone Hypothesis), but by diacritic marks (the Diacritics Hypothesis). These diacritic marks are used by lexical constraints which control the position of tonal boundaries. The default tonal pattern is captured by the ranking of lexical constraints; a general constraint is dominated by other special constraints. Once the tonal boundaries are decided, the correct position of a H tone is simply decided by a few general constraints. The so-called 'Tone Doubling' (as in mucike 'rainbow') is proved to be a result of ordinary constraint interaction, more specifically, a way of avoiding NonFin violation. (Sungkyul Christian University)

Historical change and dialectal vaiations of English r

Young-Shik Hwangbo 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.1

Hwangbo, Young-Shik. 1999. Historical Change and Dialectal Variations of English r. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5, 257-282. In this paper, I argue that historical change of r is due to the overall process in which r undergoes weakening. I propose that this weakening process results in demotion of faithfulness constraints relevant to r realization. It is shown that such analysis of r can explain why r-insertion always and necessarily follows r-deletion, and how such incompatible kind of rules can coexist in a dialect. In addition, it is shown that the rule-based approach to these phenomena is not very successful. (Seoul National University)

Poster Session : PS 0011 ; Immunology : FTY720 Binds to Affi nity For G Protein-Coupled Sphingosine- 1-Phosphate on Lymphocytes, Inhibiting CD+4 CD+8 T-Cells and B-Cells Thought to Prevent CNS for Reduction of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

( Soonei Hwangbo ),( Sunyi Hwangbo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurologic illness is thought to trigger an autoimmune response that leads ultimately to demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). restricting lymphocytes to be a FTY720-dependent decrease the internalization of S1P1 renders these cells unresponsive to S1P depriving lymphocytes of the obligatory signal to egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue and thus reduction of auto-aggressive T-lymphocytes in the peripheral recirculation and the central nervous system actions that are mediated by the S1P1 receptor subtype down-modulation causes a reversible retention of a proportion of CD4 and CD8 positive T-cells and B-cells from blood and spleen into lymph nodes could be of benefi t. Methods: The objective was to compare two doses of FTY720 (1.25 mg and 0.5 mg) with annualized relapse rate (ARR), the Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS) in patients treated for up to 24 months. Results: Immune function Blood and spleen samples were taken in Weeks 42-43 for in vitro analysis of the immune function. the proliferative responses of B- and T-cells were suppressed at both doses by 52.1-96% and 88.9-97.2% compared to control animals. In trial D2301, treatment of both doses of FTY720 1.25 mg and 0.5 mg resulted in a signifi cantly lower aggregate ARR compared to placebo, with ARR estimates of 0.16 and 0.18 vs. 0.40 respectively. treatment with both doses of FTY720 1.25 mg (p=0.012) and 0.5 mg(p=0.024) resulted in a signifi cantly reduced risk of disability progression compared to treatment with placebo in patients with RRMS. Conclusions: This review provides an overview of our understanding of CD8+ T cells in immune-mediated disease, focusing particularly on our fi ndings regarding regulatory CD8+T cells both in MS and in EAE.

Tones inherited from Middle Korean rising tones

황보영식(Young-Shik Hwangbo) 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to review and account for the tones inherited from Middle Korean rising tones under the approach proposed in Hwangbo (2003b). In that paper the typical tone patterns of some Korean dialects were accounted for by means of tonal domains based on tonal boundaries that encode essential tone information. This paper shows that in some dialects the tones from the Middle Korean rising tones are conforming to the typical patterns, while in the other dialects those tones seem to preserve their peculiarities, making the account difficult. This suggests the need to reanalyze those tones, at least, in some dialects.

영국영어에서 /n, L, r/ 다음의 /ju/ 분포 재고

황보영식 ( Young Shik Hwangbo ) 대한언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distribution of /ju/ in British English, specifically after the coronal sonorants /n, l, r/. The distribution of /ju/ has occasioned a variety of conflicting analyses or suggestions. According to Borowsky (1986), in British English, the /j/in /ju/ is retained after /r/ and /l/ when it occurs in an unstressed word-medial syllable (i.e., a weak position). To check this fact and to get an exact distribution of /ju/ after /n, l, r/, I collected relevant words from OED Online (the 2nd Edition, 1989) and analyzed them in my previous work (Hwangbo, 2010). In this paper, I used CELEX Lexical Database (Baayen et al., 1993) which provides primary pronunciations as well as secondary pronunciations if any. I collected data only from the primary pronunciations, which I think shows the general tendency of pronunciation. The data were collected and grouped in the same way as used for OED data collection. They were further grouped according to the positional strength of a syllable where /ju/ or /u/ occurs: strong position vs. weak position. One of the most important findings is that /ru/, not /rju/ occurs even in a weak position, contrary to Borowsky`s proposal, and this fact is argued to be closely related to the fact that British English is nonrhotic.

논문 : 프랑코 정권 초기의 교육 정책

황보영조 ( Yeong Jo Hwangbo ) 대구사학회 2013 대구사학 Vol.111 No.-

Education Policy in the Beginning of the Franco Regime Hwangbo, Yeong-jo [Abstract] The modern dictators were apt to consider the education policy very important because they thought school was an institution for passing their ideologies on to the new generations. The spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, was no exception. The education policy was not unvarying under the Franco Regime. We may divide the period of the Franco Regime into three stages with a view to examine its education policy. That is the beginning from 1938 to 1945, the middle from 1945 to 1962, the end from 1962 to 1975. At the beginning they established the national-catholic education system; at the middle the national-catholicism reached its peak and faced a social and economic challenge, and at the end they founded the technocratic system in the educational institution. Here we examine the first stage that the national-catholic education policy was set up. At this stage the educational authorities censored the books and teaching materials and purged the schoolteachers who didn`t follow or support the National Movement. There was also a struggle for leadership in education between the Falange and the Catholic Church of Spain. Eventually, the latter won the struggle and the result has been reflected in the Law of Elementary Education of 1945. We examine the procedures of being established this education policy and its main contents based on the documents such as laws, orders and circulars. we confine this analysis to the elementary education.

Increasing Content of Healthy Fatty Acids in Egg Yolk of Laying Hens by Cheese Byproduct

Hwangbo, Jong,Kim, Jun Ho,Lee, Byong Seak,Kang, Su Won,Chang, Jongsoo,Bae, Hae-Duck,Lee, Min Suk,Kim, Young Jun,Choi, Nag-Jin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.3

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of cheese byproduct on performance, egg quality and fatty acid profile of egg yolk lipids from laying hens. One hundred five 30-wk-old White leghorn laying hens were randomly distributed into five groups of twenty one hens each and maintained in individual laying cages for 4 weeks. The hens were assigned to five treatments that consisted of corn-soybean meal based diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5 or 10% of cheese byproduct. Feed intake and rate of egg production of hens were not significantly different across the treatments during the whole experiment (p>0.05). Similarly, egg yolk cholesterol level, egg weight, Haugh's unit, eggshell thickness, color, and strength were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). The amount of C16:0 in egg yolk was not significantly different across the treatments, but that of C18:0 decreased with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.01). Monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1 and C18:1) content in egg yolk was similar across the treatments. Total CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content increased linearly with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.001), while trans-10, cis-12 CLA amount was not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the egg yolk was decreased as the level of cheese byproduct including CLA increased (p<0.01). However, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and total PUFAs in the egg yolk were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that cheese byproduct beneficially improved the fatty acid composition of concern to human health in the egg yolk without adverse effects on egg quality.

The Effects of Pilates Exercise Using the Three Dimensional Schroth Breathing Technique on the Physical Factors of Scoliosis Patients

HwangBo, Pil Neo The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2018 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Purpose: This study aims to verify the effects of Pilates exercise using the three-dimensional (3D) Schroth breathing technique on scoliosis patients in comparison with the existing Pilates exercise technique, which uses lateral breathing. Methods: The subjects were 16 scoliosis patients who went to S fitness center in Daegu, Korea. They were randomly and equally divided into a Schroth Pilates exercise group (SPEG), who performed Pilates exercise using 3D Schroth breathing, and a Pilates exercise group (PEG) who performed Pilates exercise using lateral breathing. The subjects conducted the Pilates exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. Changes in their Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and chest expansion ability were measured before and after the exercise. Results: Both groups experienced significant improvement in their Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and chest expansion ability after the exercise (p<0.05). Between-group comparison after the exercise showed that SPEG's improvement in Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and chest expansion ability were more significant than those of the PEG (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study verified that Pilates exercise using 3D Schroth breathing was more effective in improving scoliosis patients'physical condition than existing Pilates exercise. The researcher anticipates that the 3D Schroth breathing technique will be effectively utilized in other diverse intervention exercises besides Pilates exercise.