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서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)
김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.
정상교합자의 안이평면에 대한 개개 치아의 순, 협설측경사와 근원심경사
황해상,권오원 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.5
교합기에 거상된 정상교합자 31명의 진단모형에서 치아FACC의 경사도를 측정하기 위해 약간 변형시킨 T.A.R.G.를 이용하여 안이평면에 대한 간 치아 FACC의 순, 협설측경사와 근원심경사를 측정하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. ·상, 하악 각 치아의 FACC의 순, 협설측경사와 근원심경사를 측정하여 각각의 기준치를 얻었다. ·치아 FACC의 순, 협설측경사는 상, 하악 치열 모두에서 전방치아에서 후방치아로 갈수록 점점 설측으로 경사되는 경향을 보였다. ·치아 FACC의 근원심경사는 상악치열에서 중절치와 측절치는 거의 비슷한 경사도를 가지고 견치부위에서 후방치아로 갈수록 점점 원심으로 경사되는 양상을 보였고, 하악 치열에서는 전방치아에서 후방치아로 갈수록 점점 근심으로 경사되는 경향을 보였다. ·상, 하악 모든 치아에서 어느 한 치아의 치관 근원심경사와 순, 협설측경사는 인접치아들의 치관 근원심경사와 순, 협설측경사와 높은 순상관관계를 보였다. The purpose of this study was to obtain the angulation and inclination of FACC of all teeth to FH plane. Study models of 31 persons with normal occlusion were selected and mounted on the semiadjustable articulator for this study. Using T.A.R.G. with a little modified method, the angulation and inclination of FACC of all teeth to FH plane were measured and then the measurements were analyzed statistically. The obtained results were as follows. ·Mean, standard deviation, maximum value, and minimum value of the angulation and inclination of FACC of upper and lower teeth were obtained. ·The FACC in both upper and lower arch was progressively lingually-inclined from anterior teeth to posterior teeth. ·In the angulations of FACC of upper teeth, central and lateral incisor showed similar value. Yet, the FACC of the rest was progressively distally-angulated from the canine to posterior teeth. The FACC in lower arch was progressively mesially-angulated from anterior teeth to posterior teeth. ·The angulation and inclination of FACC of any tooth in both upper and lower teeth correlated strongly and positively with the angulation and inclination of FACC of adjacent tooth.
μBGA 무연솔더 (Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu)와 전해 및 무전해 Ni 도금층 계면의 열적 안정성
오성룡,황태복,오용준 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.9
The morphology and thermal stability of the interfacial phases in the joints between lead free solder (Sn3.5AgO.7Cu) and electroless Ni-P (12 at%P) and electro Ni under bumper metallizations(UBM) were investigated as a function of thermal aging. Samples were prepared by reflowing at 250℃, N₂ atmosphere and aging in the range of 125 to 170℃ for up to 1000h. After reflow, in the electrolytic Ni/solder joint, the interfacial IMC was mostly Nirich (Ni,Cu)₃Sn4 with an addition of about 8 at% Cu while in electroless Ni-P/solder joint it showed both Cu-rich (Cu,Ni)_(6)Sny and Ni-rich (Ni,Cu)₃Sn4. After relatively short aging time, the interfacial IMC on electrolytic Ni layer has developed into the dual-layed structure of (Ni,Cu)₃Sn₄(bottom) and (Cu,Ni)_(6)Sny(top). But IMC on electroless Ni-P layer were (Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(6) and changed into the dual structure only after long aging time of 500h. The growth rate of IMC with aging was higher on electrolytic Ni layer than on electroless Ni-P. The different behavior of electroless Ni-P/SAC joint came from Ni₃P formation between IMC and electroless Ni-P layer which retards diffusion of Ni and Sn to the opposite direction. The thickness of Ni₃P layer was propositional to that of IMC. For longer aging time, NiSnP layer was found at the interface between IMC and Ni₃P layer. Interestingly, in spite of low consumption rate of electroless Ni-P than electrolytic Ni layer by suppressing IMC growth, the interface of Ni-P/IMC was locally hollowed by the accelerated reaction of the Ni-P layer through local thickness reduction of Ni₃P and NiSnP layers. This reduced the effective remaining thickness of Ni-P layer.
점토광물을 이용한 산소환원의 전기화학적 촉매성에 관한 연구
오성훈,황진연,심윤보,이효민,윤지해 한국광물학회 2005 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.18 No.1
몇 가지 점토광물과 메틸바이올로젠 또는 메틸렌블루를 함유시킨 점토수식전극을 이용하여 산소환원에 대한 전기화학적 촉매성을 검토하였다. 점토광물로는 Na-몬모릴로나이트, Ca-몬모릴로나이트, 카오리나이트를 사용하였다. 점토수식전극은 유리탄소전극 표면에 점토 현탁액을 입히고 메틸바이올로젠을 흡착시킨 것을 사용하였으며, 전기화학적 산소환원의 정도는 순환 전압전류(cyclic voltammetry)으로 측정하였다. 실험결과, 다른 점토시료에 비하여 Na-몬모릴로나이트가 메틸바이올로젠의 흡착효과가 가장 크게 나타났고, 메틸바이올로젠을 흡착시킨 점토수식전극이 산소환원에 대한 촉매성이 월등히 우수하였다. 즉 촉매산소환원 피크가 242.6 ㎷ 만큼 +방향으로 이동하였다. 메틸바이올로젠을 흡착시킨 점토수식전극이 메틸렌블루를 흡착시킨 점토수식전극보다 산소환원에 대한 촉매성이 더 높게 나타났다. Ca-몬모릴로나이트의 경우는 변화가 없었으나 Na-몬모릴로나이트의 구조는 메틸바이올로젠의 흡착으로 변화되었다. 메틸바이올로젠- Na-몬모릴로나이트 점토수식전극을 현탁액의 점토 농도가 약 0.87 g/10 mL이고, 메틸바이올로젠의 수용액의 농도가 대략 2.5 mM일 때 산소환원 촉매 효과가 가장 탁월하였다. 지지전해질의 pH에 따른 점토수식 전극의 산소 환원 촉매성은 중성의 pH 범위(6.3과 8.3)에서보다 산성인 pH 3.7과 알칼리성인 pH12.7에서 월등히 크게 나타났다. The electrocatalytic reduction of O₂ was investigated with methyl viologen and methylene blue incorporated clay-modified electrodes. Clay suspensions were prepared with Namontmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, and kaolinite. The methyl viologen-clay modified electrodes were made by coating clay suspensions adsorbing methyl viologen on a glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry were performed in aqueous media to investigate the electrocatalytic property of the modified electrode in reducing O₂. A Na-montmorillonite modified electrode showed the greatest adsorption capacity for methyl viologen. The modified electrode made of Na-montmorillonite suspension of 0.87 g/l0 mL and a 2.5 mM of methyl viologen solution showed the most effective electrocatalytic property, where the catalytic reduction potential was shifted by 242.6 ㎷ toward the positive potential. The electrocatalytic ability was more significant in acidic (pH=3.7) and alkaline (pH=12.7) media than the neutral pH range (6.3~8.3). The methyl viologen-Na-montmorillonite modified electrode had the good reproducibility and maintain the electrocatalytic property over 20 times reuse.
優先順位를 附與한 ATM 멀티캐스트 스위치의 呼處理 構造에 關한 硏究
황성호,오주현,임해진 三陟大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.32 No.1
An ATM multicast switch which can effectively accommodate diverse classes of traffic, is the core component of broadband ISDN. In this paper, we proposed a new call scheduling algorithm assigning priority according to the quality of service under the diverse traffic environment in multicast switch. The algorithm presented in this paper is using unfairness of switch structure, and delay-sensitive traffic may be given the high priority such that it can be transmitted as soon as possible. Also, we proposed a new hardware structure for the algorithm which can be constructed with combinational logic gates and it is beneficial for high-speed operation and VLSI implementation. The results of simulation for performance evaluation show that mean waiting time of delay-sensitive call is considerably reduced.
백서 척수에서 Capsaicin과 Eugenol이 iCGRP (immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide) 분비 조절에 미치는 영향
오원만,김원재,최남기,박상원,황인남,김선현 大韓齒科保存學會 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.5
Neuropeptide such as calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P may mediate neurogenic inflammation, but little is known about the regulation of neuropeptide release from rat spinal cord. Eugenol has been reported to reduce odontogenic pain and is known to have a structure similar to capsaicin, a potent stimulant of certain nociceptors. This study was done to examine the effect of capsaicin and eugenol on immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) release from rat spinal cord and whether eugenol regulates capsaicin-sensitive release of iCGRP or it evokes capsaicin-sensitive release of iCGRP. The dorsal half of rat lumbar spinal cord was chopped into 200㎛ slices. They were superfused (500㎕/min) in vitro with an oxygenated Kreb's buffer. The EC50 of capsaicin on iCGRP release was measured. Eugenol (600㎛ and 1.2mM) and vehicle (0.02% 2-hydroxyl-β-cyclodextrin) were administered prior to stimulation of rat lumbar spinal cord with capsaicin. The amount of iCGRP release from rat lumbar spinal cord was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows : 1.iCGRP release from rat lumbar spinal cord was dependent on concentration of capsaicin. The EC50 of capsaicin on iCGRP release was 3㎛. 2.In the vehicle treated group, capsaicin (3㎛) evoked a 14-fold increase over basal iCGRP level. 3. Administration of 600㎛ and 1.2mM eugenol evoked a 2.2-fold increase and a 2.3-fold increase over basal iCGRP level respectively. 4.Administration of 600㎛ and 1.2mM eugenol increased capsaicin evoked release of iCGRP by more than 50%. These results indicate that eugenol evoke CGRP release from central nervous system and potentiate the pain-inducing action of capsaicin on it Key words : Eugenol, Capsaicin, Rat lumbar spinal cord, Superfusion, Radioimmunoassay
순무(Brassica rapa L.)의 農耕形質과 一代雜種 育成에 關한 硏究 : Brassica rapa L.
黃海鎭,吳世明,韓相政 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1994 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-
우리나라에 地方種의 形態로 一部農家에서 栽培되고 있는 순무를 蒐集하여 實用性이 높은 優良系綜을 選拔하는 한편 一代雜種品種의 育成을 위한 資料를 얻고자 實驗하고 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1)京機道의 江華와 利川, 慶北의 義城과 泰化 그리고 大邱에서 蒐集한 5個 地方種을 對象으로 選拔을 繼 續하여 3年次에 各 地方種으로 부터 均等性과 實用性이 높으면서 地方種問 形質의 差異가 뚜렷한 1系統 씩을 選拔하였다. 2)選拔된 5個 地方種중 江華地方種은 葉數가 가장 적고 葉重이 比較的 가벼웠음에도 根重이 가장 무거워 서 T/R 率이 매우 낮았으며 義城地方種은 葉數가 比較的 많고 葉重도 多少 무거웠으나 根重이 가장 가벼 워서 T/R率은 매우 높았다. 그리고 이들 5個 地方種問에는 量的形質에 있어 顯著한 差異를 나타내었다. 3)肉質에 있어 江化地方種은 黃色으로 强하였으며 그 밖의 地方種들은 白色으로 中位를 나타내었다. 4)選拔한 5個 地方種들을 二面交雜한 F1에서 잎과 뿌리의 主要能力을 檢定하였던 바 雜種强勢는 調査한 7個 形質에서 모두 크게 나타났고 特히 根重, 根經 및 葉重에서 顯著하였다. 5)그리고 各 形質別로 본 一般組合能力(GCA)과 特定組合能力(SCA)은 모두 有意性이 認定되었으며 그 중에서도 GCA와 SCA는 義城地方種을, 根重의 GCA는 江華地方種을 그리고 根重의 SCA는 義城地方種 을 片親으로 한 一代雜種에서 높게 나타났다. The local varieties of turnip were collected from five districts in Korea and were selected the superior lines and the experiments were caried out to obtain data for breeding F_1 Hybrid. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Local varieties of turnip were collected from Kanghwa and Ichun in Kyunggi province, Uisung and Bonghwa in Kyungbuk province, and Taegu district. From each of five local varieties, one line was selected, respectively, which showed high homogeneity, superior practicality and significant difference in agronomic characters. 2. Kanghwa local variety showed very low T/R ratio because of the heaviest root weight and the least number of leaves with relatively light leaf weight, on the other hand, Uisung local variety showed very high T/R ratio because of the lightest root weight and relatively many number of leaves with somewhat heavy leaf weight. And it was appeared significant differences in quantitative charactes among these local varieties. 3. In flesh texture and color of root, kanghwa local variety showed weak hardness with light pink, Bonghwa local variety showed strong hardness with light wellow and other local varieties showed medium hardness with white, respectively. 4. The five local varieties and 20F_1 progenies were tested for the heterosis and the combining ability of leaf and root characters. Heterosis was remarkable in seven characters, especially in root weight, root diameter and leaf weight. 5. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant in all characters. In the effect of GCA, Uisung local variety was high in the leaf weight, Kanghwa local variety was high in the root weigh. In the effect of SCA, both leaf weight and root weight were proved to be high in the F_1 combi-nations from Using local variety used as parent.
黃喆文,黃太相,權五輪 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1990 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.-
Jahn thought that a nation was subject which made a culture, and the physical education was the basic for education a nation. Also, he presented 'Turnen' as a means for education a nation and stressed the practice of body in order to practice mind. 'Turnen' was not only a device for the development of physical strength but for nationalism. In the crisis of Germanu, 'Turnen' promoted nationalism. In 'Turnen' every term consisted of German. Also, it was inspired nationalism to sing the national song and learn the history of German. The nationalistic character was symbolized in the rules of 'Turnen', too. Therefore, Jahn,'s 'Turnen' was the social movement of the physical activities, which developed nationalism. From 'Turnen' we could learn the physical education which was on the ground of nationalism.
두가지 혈류 유발방법에 의한 새로운 심폐소생술(이중 혈류 유발 심폐소생술)장치의 개발
황성오,김현,조준휘,오범진,임종천,최경훈,윤정한,이승환,김영식,이강현,이윤선 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2
Background: There have been many efforts to augment blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These efforts have focused on maximizing the effect of cardiac pump or thoracic pump alone. However, considering that the heart is the biggest blood reservoir and increase of intrathoracic pressure can generate blood flow, simultaneous exploitation of both mechanisms may have synergistic effect. We hypothesized that simultaneous chest constriction in addition to sternal compression by standard CPR may have additive hemodynamic effects by preventing deformation of the chest and increase of intrathoracic pressure. Methods and results: we built a new mechanical device to perform compression and thoracic constriction simultaneously. The device consists of two main elements. Piston in the center is to depress the sternum. Strap is to constrict the thorax circumferentially. Strap is attached to both sides of the piston. When the piston is pushed down, it depresses the sternum and pulls on the thoracic strap. To determine strap width to produce optimal hemodynamic effect, we measured hemodynamic parameters with variable widths of strap in two dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Result of the experiment showed that 10cm wide strap was determined to be most effective. We also determined optimal depth of compression to produce maximal hemodynamic effect with animal experiments using two dogs. Animal experiments showed that the highest aortic pressure could be generated when the stemum was depressed to 5 cm. Cardiopulmonary resusciation using a new device could generate higher systolic aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in comparison with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pilot animal study using two dogs. Conclusion: New cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using a mechanical device designed by us could perform sternal compression and simultaneous thoracic constriction, and generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pilot animal experiments.
황재정,오성택 群山大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.23 No.-
Image data is necessary to be reduced to solve the problem of storage media capacity and to efficiently use channel bandwidth for storing and transmiting multimedia data. In this study, we present an image coder using variable quantizer for the JPEG extensions named as ISO/IEC 10918-3 (also as ITU-T Rec. T.84). It is necessary to alleviate the blocking artifact which is more sensitive to human eye in view of the spatial frequency sensitivity and to visually control bit allocation in an image. Since the blocking artifact arises in the lower activity area rather than in the higher area. The block activity is referred to quantize a block and to control buffer status. An image is composed of slices, while a slice is composed of 8 ×8 blocks. Hence we optimize the bit assignment in an image at a given bit rate. As a result of simulation for various images, the proposed coder increases subjective and objective quality.