http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
An Elusive Happy Ending: The Complexities of Indian Courtesan Films
Li Huming(Huming Li) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.8 No.3
This paper examines the complexities of characters, narratives and aesthetics in the Indian courtesan film genre by analyzing three classic courtesan films: Pakeezah (dir. Kamal Amrohi, 1972), Umrao Jaan (dir. Muzaffar Ali, 1981), and its more recent remake Umrao Jaan (dir. J.P. Dutta, 2006). First, from the perspective of screen characters, the paper summarizes the necessary condition for a courtesan character to achieve a happy ending—the marriage between the heroine and the hero, and then illustrates the decisive factors and difficult process to fulfill this condition. Then, from the perspective of audiences, this paper explains the elusiveness of happy endings in courtesan films by analyzing the multiple relationships between audiences and screen characters and the differences within audiences. The paper also attempts to provide a glimpse of the Muslim nawabi culture, in which courtesan films are rooted, in order to help the readers to appreciate the cultural significance and myriad appeals of this distinctive subgenre of Indian cinema and Indian film art in general.
Language specific markedness: the case of place of articulation
Elizabeth Hume 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.2
In this paper I draw on evidence from familiar criteria for diagnosing markedness values to argue that markedness is best determined on a language specific basis. I will further conclude that markedness considerations do not provide compelling evidence for constructing theories of phonological grammar.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Selective Olefination of Arene Estersvia C−H Bond Activation
Park, Sae Hume,Kim, Ji Young,Chang, Sukbok American Chemical Society 2011 Organic letters Vol.13 No.9
<P>A new catalytic procedure of <I>ortho</I>-olefinationof benzoates and benzaldehydes has been developed. Ester and carboxaldehydeunits were revealed to be effective chelating groups in focusing theactivation of aryl C−H bonds <I>ortho</I> to thedirecting moieties under the Rh-catalyzed oxidative conditions. Thereaction is highly regioselective with a range of benzoates and benzaldehydesenabling the efficient olefination with acrylates, acrylic acid, andstyrenes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2011/orlef7.2011.13.issue-9/ol200600p/production/images/medium/ol-2011-00600p_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol200600p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Park, Sae Hume,Kwak, Jaesung,Shin, Kwangmin,Ryu, Jaeyune,Park, Yoonsu,Chang, Sukbok American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.6
<P>Direct C–H amination of arenes offers a straightforward route to aniline compounds without necessitating aryl (pseudo)halides as the starting materials. The recent development in this area, in particular in the metal-mediated transformations, is significant with regard to substrate scope and reaction conditions. Described herein are the mechanistic details on the Rh-catalyzed direct C–H amination reaction using organic azides as the amino source. The most important two stages were investigated especially in detail: (i) the formation of metal nitrenoid species and its subsequent insertion into a rhodacycle intermediate, and (ii) the regeneration of catalyst with concomitant release of products. It was revealed that a stepwise pathway involving a key Rh(V)–nitrenoid species that subsequently undergoes amido insertion is favored over a concerted C–N bond formation pathway. DFT calculations and kinetic studies suggest that the rate-limiting step in the current C–H amination reaction is more closely related to the formation of Rh–nitrenoid intermediate rather than the presupposed C–H activation process. The present study provides mechanistic details of the direct C–H amination reaction, which bears both aspects of the inner- and outer-sphere paths within a catalytic cycle.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-6/ja411072a/production/images/medium/ja-2013-11072a_0019.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja411072a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Song, Joon Ho,Humes, H. David Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Seminars in dialysis Vol.22 No.6
<P>Abstract</P><P>Although current dialysis techniques have transformed acute and chronic renal failure from uniformly fatal clinical disorders into treatable diseases, these therapies replace only the water and solute clearance function of the kidney and have reached a point where little further therapeutic improvement can be anticipated. In addition to their metabolic and endocrine functions, renal tubule cells presumably play an important role in the systemic inflammatory balance by participating in the complex and dynamic network of leukocyte action and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of this function may result in a propensity to develop systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiorgan dysfunction, and a high risk of death in acute kidney injury (AKI), and may relate to chronic inflammatory state in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A renal tubule cell assist device (RAD) containing animal or human renal tubule cells has been recently developed with the purpose of integrating the functions of tubule cells with the filtration function of current dialysis to offer a more complete renal replacement therapy. The viability and functionality of this device were confirmed in in vitro experiments and large animal studies, and recently the RAD’s clinical therapeutic benefit was demonstrated with a series of FDA-approved human trials. Another novel synthetic membrane extracorporeal device that binds and inhibits circulating leukocytes has been developed with the purpose of reducing microvascular damage promoted primarily via activated circulating leukocytes in AKI and SIRS. This device, called a selective cytopheretic inhibitory device, mimics immunomodulation and duplicates RAD efficiency in preliminary studies. Both devices may become comprehensive treatments, replacing full renal function and correcting inflammatory imbalance in patients with acute and chronic renal disorders.</P>
Rapid Prototyping of Polymer Microfluidic Devices Using CAD/CAM Tools for Laser Micromachining
Iovenitti, Pio G.,Mutapcic, Emir,Hume, Richard,Hayes, Jason P. Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2006 International Journal of CAD/CAM Vol.6 No.1
A CAD/CAM system has been developed for rapid prototyping (RP) of microfluidic devices based on excimer laser micromachining. The system comprises of two complementary softwares. One, the CAM tool, creates part programs from CAD models. The other, the Simulator Tool, uses a part program to generate the laser tool path and the 2D and 3D graphical representation of the machined microstructure. The CAM tool's algorithms use the 3D geometry of a microstructure, defined as an STL file exported from a CAD system, and process parameters (laser fluence, pulse repetition frequency, number of shots per area, wall angle), to automatically generate Numerical Control (NC) part programs for the machine controller. The performance of the system has been verified and demonstrated by machining a particle transportation device. The CAM tool simplifies part programming and replaces the tedious trial-and-error approach to creating programs. The simulator tool accepts manual or computer generated part programs, and displays the tool path and the machined structure. This enables error checking and editing of the program before machining, and development of programs for complex microstructures. Combined, the tools provide a user-friendly CAD/CAM system environment for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices.