MUC16 facilitates cervical cancer progression via JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation‑mediated cyclooxygenase‑2 expression

Hui Shen,Meng Guo,Lu Wang,Xinyue Cui 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.2

Objectives MUC16 (mucin 16, also known as CA-125, cancer antigen 125, carcinoma antigen 125, or carbohydrate antigen 125) has been predicted as tumor biomarker for therapy. We determined to investigate effects and regulatory mechanism of MUC16 on cervical tumorigenesis. Methods Expression levels of MUC16 in cervical cancer cell lines was analyzed via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Knockdown of MUC16 was conducted via shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) transfection. MTT and colony formation assays were used to investigate effect of MUC16 on cell proliferation. Wound healing assay was utilized to detect migration and transwell assay to detect invasion. The underlying mechanism was demonstrated via western blot analysis. Results MUC16 was elevated in cervical cancer cell lines. MUC16 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Gain- and loss-of functional assays revealed that over-expression of MUC16 activated Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via phosphorylation, thus facilitating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, while knockdown of MUC16 demonstrated the reverse effect on JAK2/STAT3 activation and COX-2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 attenuated the regulation of MUC16 on COX-2. Conclusions MUC16 enhanced proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells via JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 expression, suggesting the potential therapeutic target ability of MUC16 to treat cervical cancer.

Ago2 and GW182 expression in mouse preimplantation embryos: a link between microRNA biogenesis and GW182 protein synthesis

Shen, Xing-Hui,Han, Young-Joon,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Kim, Nam-Hyung CSIRO Publishing 2010 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.22 No.4

<P> MicroRNA-mediated RNA interference appears to play a role in early development and differentiation processes in preimplantation embryos. However, the expression of its key effectors, including Ago2, a key component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, and GW182, a critical component of GW bodies (GWBs), has not been assessed in preimplantation embryos. To characterise the roles of Ago2 and GW182 in early embryo development, we determined their transcription and protein synthesis in mouse embryos. Transcript levels of Ago2 and GW182 increased steadily from the one-cell stage through to the blastocyst stage when data were not normalised against an internal reference. However, when normalised against the internal standard, transcript levels for both genes were highest in four-cell stage embryos and decreased steadily through to the blastocyst stage. Indirect immunocytochemistry showed that both AGO2 and GW182 proteins were expressed in each stage in the early embryo and were observed to colocalise in the morula and blastocyst stages. Specific silencing of mRNA expression by short interference (si) RNA against Ago2 or Dicer1 decreased the expression of selected apoptosis- and development-related microRNAs, but did not inhibit development up to the blastocyst stage. However, transcription levels of Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 were decreased in both Ago2- and Dicer1-knockdown embryos at the blastocyst stage. Furthermore, although knockdown of these genes did not change transcript levels of GW182, GW182 protein synthesis was decreased in blastocyst stage embryos. These results suggest that Ago2 and Dicer1 regulate GW182 protein expression in mouse embryos, which is linked to microRNA biogenesis and likely to be important for differentiation in the blastocyst stage. </P>

A link between the interleukin-6/Stat3 anti-apoptotic pathway and microRNA-21 in preimplantation mouse embryos

Shen, Xing-Hui,Han, Young-Joon,Zhang, Ding-Xiao,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Kim, Nam-Hyung Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Molecular reproduction and development Vol.76 No.9

<P>Signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (Stat3) plays a central role in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis in a variety of cell types. MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21), a ubiquitous miRNA, acts as an anti-apoptotic factor that seems to be indirectly but strictly linked to Stat3. In order to determine whether the IL-6 induced Stat3 anti-apoptosis pathway is linked with miRNA-21, we first determined the effects of recombinant mouse IL-6 on Stat3 expression, mouse embryo viability, and the mRNA levels of apoptosis related genes and miRNA-21 during mouse embryo development in vitro. Addition of 10 or 100 ng/ml of recombinant IL-6 to the culture medium did not affect the developmental ability of 2-cell stage embryos into blastocysts. However, total cell number was significantly increased and apoptosis was reduced in blastocyst stage embryos cultured in the presence of 100 ng/ml of recombinant IL-6. Furthermore, addition of recombinant IL-6 to the culture medium significantly increased the copy numbers of anti-apoptotic miRNA-21, up-regulated Bcl2l1, and down-regulated casp3. Similarly, the injection of mature miRNA-21 into cells up-regulated Bcl2l1 and down-regulated casp3. These results suggest that the induction of the Stat3 anti-apoptotic pathway by IL-6 is linked to miRNA-21 expression, which possibly results in the regulation of cell apoptosis in early mouse embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 854–862, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Thermomechanical postbuckling of imperfect moderately thick plates on two-parameter elastic foundations

Shen, Hui-Shen Techno-Press 1996 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.4 No.2

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a simply supported, moderately thick rectangular plate subjected to combined axial compression and uniform temperature loading and resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation. The two cases of thermal postbuckling of initially compressed plates and of compressive postbuckling of initially heated plates are considered. The initial geometrical imperfection of the plate is taken into account. The formulations are based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory considering the first order shear deformation effect, and including the plate-foundation interaction and thermal effect. The analysis uses a deflection-type perturbation technique to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples cover the performances of perfect and imperfect, moderately thick plates resting on Winkler or Pasternak-type elastic foundations. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form.

Interleukin-6 enhances porcine parthenote development in vitro, through the IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway.

Shen, Xing-Hui,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Lee, Sung-Hyun,Kim, Nam-Hyung Japanese Society of Animal Reproduction 2012 Journal of Reproduction and Development Vol.58 No.4

<P>Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) plays a central role in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The Stat3 pathway is essential for embryonic development. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant IL-6 on the viability and development of porcine diploid parthenotes cultured in vitro. Four-cell parthenotes, derived in vitro, were cultured to the blastocyst stage, with or without recombinant IL-6. The addition of 10 or 100 ng/ml of recombinant swine IL-6 into PZM3 medium increased the development rate of parthenotes to the blastocyst stage (P<0.05). When supplemented with 10 ng/ml of recombinant swine IL-6, the number of parthenotes at the blastocyst stage increased (P<0.05) and apoptosis decreased (P<0.05). Real-time RT-PCR experiments revealed that the addition of recombinant swine IL-6 decreased the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase3 (P<0.01) but increased the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl2l1 and Survivin. IL-6 receptors and Stat3 mRNA expression were upregulated after treatment with 10 ng/ml recombinant swine IL-6. Immunoblots and fluorescence labeling experiments showed that the levels of phosphorylated Stat3 were upregulated. These results suggest that recombinant swine IL-6 prevents apoptosis of porcine parthenotes and enhances porcine embryo viability through the IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway in vitro.</P>

Image Encryption Technique Based on Wavelet Transform

Hui-Hui Shen(申輝輝),Yong Soo Kim(김용수),Tae-Chon Ahn(안태천) 한국지능시스템학회 2018 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.28 No.1

영상암호는 데이터를 안전하게 전송하거나 멀티미디어 저장 데이터를 누출로 부터 방지하기 위하여 사용되고 있다. 이것은 디지털 영상처리 분야뿐만 아니라 정보보안 분야에서도 연구되고 있다. 최근에는 전송에서 신뢰할 수 있는 디지털 영상처리를 수행하는 것이 중요한 연구 방향의 하나가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 웨이브렛 변환 기반 영상암호 기법을 제안한다. 우선, Haar lifting 웨이브렛 변환 기반 무손실 영상암호 기법이 사용된다. 이 기법은 영상정보를 주파수 영역으로 전환시키며, 영상의 저주파수 부분에 주요정보를 포함하게 한다. 그리고 이 영상의 저주파수 부분을 주로 픽셀 위치 scrambling과 픽셀 값 substitute에 의한 암호화를 실행한다. 마지막으로 역 Haar lifting 웨이브렛 변환을 암호영상의 재구성에 적용한다. 실험 결과는 제안한 방법이 널리 알려진 해킹공격에 강하고 더 나아가 견고성을 가짐을 보여주고 있다. Image encryption is used to transmit data securely and prevent the storage of multimedia data from being leaked. It belongs not only to the category of the digital image processing but also to the field of information security. Nowadays, doing reliable processing of digital image in transmission, has become one of important research directions. In this paper, image encryption technique based on wavelet transforms are proposed. Firstly, lossless image encryption based on Haar lifting wavelet transform algorithm is used. By this algorithm, Image information is converted to the frequency domain, and the main information is included on the low frequency part. This low frequency part is encrypted by means of pixel location scrambling and pixel value substitution. To reconstruct the image, inverse Haar lifting wavelet is applied to encrypted image. The experiment results of proposed method shows robustness against well-known hacking attacks.

Thermal postbuckling of imperfect Reissner-Mindlin plates with two free side edges and resting on elastic foundations

Shen, Hui-Shen Techno-Press 1998 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.6 No.6

A thermal postbuckling analysis is presented for a moderately thick rectangular plate subjected to uniform or nonuniform tent-like temperature loading and resting on an elastic foundation. The plate is assumed to be simply supported on its two opposite edges and the two side edges remain free. The initial geometrical imperfection of the plate is taken into account. The formulation are based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory considering the first order shear deformation effect, and including plate-foundation interaction and thermal effects. The analysis uses a mixed Galerkin-perturbation technique to determine the thermal buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples are presented that relate to the performances of perfect and imperfect, moderately thick plates resting on Pasternak-type or softening nonlinear elastic foundations from which results for Winker elastic foundations follow as a limiting case. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form.

Eclosion hormone functions in larva-pupa-adult ecdysis in Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Shen Chen-Hui,Jin Lin,Fu Kai-Yun,Guo Wen-Chao,Li Guo-Qing 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

In Drosophila melanogaster, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) and eclosion hormone (EH) mutually enhance the release of each other through a positive feedback loop. Both are involved in the stimulation of ecdysis behavior series and molting-related physiological preparations. However, whether 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls eh expression and whether EH plays a similar role in non-Drosophilid insects remain to be determined. In Lep tinotarsa decemlineata, we found that Ldeh mRNA levels were high in the early and/or late stages and low in the intermediate period within each larval instar, indicating that the mRNA peaks positively correlate with 20E pulses. Consistent with the indication, we confirmed that 20E signaling stimulated the transcription of Ldeh. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of Ldeh at the final instar stage slightly impaired pupation and signifi cantly affected wing expansion. Around 20% of the Ldeh RNAi larvae remained as prepupae, completely wrapped in the old larval cuticles. These prepupae gradually darkened, dried and withered, and finally died. The remaining (about 80%) Ldeh hypomorphs became pupae and emerged as abnormal adults, bearing smaller and wrinkle elytra and hindwings. The adult tracheae in the Ldeh hypomorphs were full of liquid. In addition, the low pupation rate and high deformed adult proportion cannot be rescued by ingestion of either 20E or juvenile hormone. Thus, EH is critical for ecdysis and trachea clearance in L. decemlineata. The failure of trachea clearance may disenable air-swallowing during larva-pupa-adult transition and thus impacts wing growth and expansion.

Nonlinear vibration of microtubules in living cells

Hui-Shen Shen 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

Large amplitude flexural vibration behavior is presented for microtubules (MTs) embedded in an elastic matrix of cytoplasm. The microtubule is modeled as a nonlocal shear deformable cylindrical shell which contains small scale effect. The surrounding elastic medium is modeled as a two-parameter elastic foundation. Formulations are based on higher order shear deformation shell theory with a von Kármán-Donnelltype of kinematic nonlinearity. The thermal effect is also included and the material properties are assumedto be temperature-dependent. The small scale parameter e_0a is estimated by matching the fundamental frequencies from existing results with the numerical results obtained from the nonlocal shear deformable shell model. The numerical results show that the fundamental frequencies of MTs are very sensitive to the small scale parameter e_0a. The results reveal that the small scale parameter e_0a reduces the natural frequencies of MTs, but the effect of the small scale parameter on the nonlinear vibration response is relativelyweakerwhen compared to the effect of thesmall scale parameter on the postbuckling response of MTs.

Assessment of negative Poisson's ratio effect on thermal post-buckling of FG-GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels

Shen, Hui-Shen,Xiang, Y. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.5

This paper examines the thermal post-buckling behaviors of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composite (GRMMC) laminated cylindrical panels which possess in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) and rest on an elastic foundation. A panel consists of GRMMC layers of piece-wise varying graphene volume fractions to obtain functionally graded (FG) patterns. Based on the MD simulation results, the GRMMCs exhibit in-plane NPR as well as temperature-dependent material properties. The governing equations for the thermal post-buckling of panels are based on the Reddy's third order shear deformation shell theory. The von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relationship and the elastic foundation are also included. The nonlinear partial differential equations for GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels are solved by means of a singular perturbation technique in associate with a two-step perturbation approach and in the solution process the boundary layer effect is considered. The results of numerical investigations reveal that the thermal post-buckling strength for (0/90)_5T GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels can be enhanced with an FG-X pattern. The thermal post-buckling load-deflection curve of 6-layer (0/90/0)_S and (0/90)_3T panels of FG-X pattern are higher than those of 10-layer (0/90/0/90/0)_S and (0/90)_5T panels of FG-X pattern.