Bevacizumab Regulates Cancer Cell Migration by Activation of STAT3

Wu, Huan-Huan,Zhang, Shuai,Bian, Huan,Li, Xiao-Xu,Wang, Lin,Pu, Yin-Fei,Wang, Yi-Xiang,Guo, Chuan-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

There are numerous clinical cases indicating that long-term use of bevacizumab may increase the invasiveness of tumors. However, to date, little is known about underlying molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate effects of bevacizumab in four cancer cells lines (WSU-HN6, CAL27, Tca83, and HeLa). It was found to promote migration and invasion in the WSU-HN6 and Tca83 cases, while exerting inhibitory effects in CAL27 and HeLa cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 inhibitors niclosamide and S3I-201 inhibited the STAT3 signal pathway, which is activated by bevacizumab. These inhibitors also substantially blocked bevacizumab-induced migration of WSU-HN6 and Tca83 cells. Bevacizumab upregulated interleukin (IL)-6 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 expression time-dependently. Therefore, we propose that bevacizumab has differential effects on the migration of different cancer cell lines and promotes migration via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Overexpression of ENA1 from Yeast Increases Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

( Xiang Qiang Kong ),( Xiu Hua Gao ),( Wei Huan Li ),( Ji Qiang Zhao ),( Yan Xiu Zhao ),( Hui Zhang ) 한국식물학회 2008 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.51 No.2

In yeast, the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter and Na+ -ATPase are key enzymes for salt tolerance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Na+ -ATPase (Ena1p ATPase) is encoded by the ENA1/PMR2A gene; expression of ENA1 is tightly regulated by Na+ and depends on ambient pH. Although Ena1p is active mainly at alkaline pH values in S. cerevisiae, no Na+ -ATPase has been found in flowering plants. To test whether this yeast enzyme would improve salt tolerance in plants, we introduced ENA1 into Arabidopsis (cv. Columbia) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transformants were selected for their ability to grow on a medium containing kanamyin. Southern blot analyses confirmed that ENA1 was transferred into the Arabidopsis genome and northern blot analyses showed that ENA1 was expressed in the transformants. Several transgenic homozygous lines and wild-type (WT) plants were evaluated for salt tolerance. No obvious morphological or developmental differences existed between the transgenic and WT plants in the absence of stress. However, overexpression of ENA1 in Arabidopsis improved seed germination rates and salt tolerance in seedlings. Under saline conditions, transgenic plants accumulated a lower amount of Na+ than did the wild type, and fresh and dry weights of the former were higher. Other experiments revealed that expression of ENA1 promoted salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis under both acidic and alkaline conditions.

Transgenic NfFeSOD Sedum alfredii plants exhibited profound growth impairments and better relative tolerance to long-term abiotic stresses

Xiang Gao,Wen-Li Ai,Huan Gong,Li-Juan Cui,Bo-Xia Chen,Hong-Yi Luo,Zhong-Chun Zhang,Bao-Sheng Qiu 한국식물생명공학회 2016 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.10 No.2

Transgenic research was preformed by transferring a cyanobacterial (Nostoc flagelliforme) iron superoxide dismutase gene (NfFeSOD) into heavy metal hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii via Agrobacterium-mediated method. Beyond expectation, NfFeSOD-overexpressing S. alfredii plants exhibited profound impairments, including plant growth retardation, abnormal root architecture, and reduced leaf greenness, photosynthetic efficiency and metal accumulation efficiency. Although transgenic plants appeared physiologically sensitive to high temperature, a higher relative biomass growth was still observed under long-term high temperature and osmotic stresses. Further investigation found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of transgenic plants was significantly affected, being ~50 % reduction of H2O2 level relative to wild-type plants. Gene transcription including ROS responsive genes was overall attenuated in transgenic plants, being more significant at normal temperature than at high temperature. In addition, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was increased nearly twofolds in transgenic plants as compared to wild-type control. It may be inferred that ectopic NfFeSOD overexpression gives rise to a substantial increase of APX activity and leads to a sharp reduction of H2O2 level, thus impairing basal ROS signaling and plant growth. Specific genetic background of S. alfredii may be responsible for this sharp reduction of H2O2 level induced by NfFeSOD overexpression. S. alfredii plant has acclimated to elevated levels of ROS induced by heavy metals in native habitats and should require high ROS levels for basal signaling. We thus suppose that a sustained disturbance of high basal ROS signaling in metal hyperaccumulators may instead incur very sensitive response and thus result in profound growth impairments.

Multimodal Repair of Spinal Cord Injury With Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Yuan-huan Ma,Qing-yue Liang,Ying Ding,한인보,Xiang Zeng 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.3

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a result of a devastating injury to the central nervous system. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for these patients. The possible use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatment for SCI has been the focus of extensive investigations and is increasingly moving from the bench to bedside. Both experimental observations and clinical studies have shown the safety and efficacy of MSCs in managing SCI. However, the exact mechanism by which MSCs contribute to the repair of the injured spinal cord remains to be elucidated. In this review, we aim to summarize current research findings about the role of MSCs in improving complex pathology after SCI. MSCs exert a multimodal repair mechanism targeting multiple events in the secondary injury cascade. Our recent results showing the perineurium-like differentiation of surviving MSCs in the injured spinal cord may further the understanding of the fate of transplanted MSCs. These findings provide fundamental support for the clinical use of MSCs in SCI patients. Under experimental conditions, combining novel physical, chemical, and biological approaches led to significant improvements in the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. These findings hold promise for the future of cell-based clinical treatment of SCI.

Improvement of Fumigaclavine C Production in a Two-stage Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus with Molasses as a Cost-effective Ingredient

Yi-Xiang Zhu,WEIWEI HUAN,Ling-yun Yao,Wan-Guo Yu,Ruihua Jiao,Yan-Hua Lu,Renxiang Tan 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.6

Fumigaclavine C (FC), which is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, is a conidiation-associated ergot alkaloid with significant medical benefits. However, its application is restricted by low yields from submerged cultures. In this study, the technical feasibility of using molasses as a cost-effective ingredient for FC production in a two-stage culture of A. fumigatus was evaluated. The results indicated that molasses supplementation significantly enhanced FC accumulation by promoting conidiation and up-regulating hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Via the optimization of the two-stage process in the presence of molasses, FC production in shake flasks reached 226.9 mg/L, which was approximately three times that in the original medium (75.9 mg/L). The use of molasses as a cost-effective ingredient for FC fermentation was also successfully reproduced in a lab-scale bioreactor system in which the maximum FC production reached 215.0 mg/L. The FC production obtained in this study is the highest ever reported. This increased efficiency will enable large-scale production of FC and extend the application of molasses as a low-cost substrate for producing other conidiation-related secondary metabolites.

경주 동궁과 월지의 적정수용력 연구 -물리적,심리적 수용력을 중심으로-

반상 ( Xiang Pan ),서환 ( Huan Xu ),강태호 ( Tai Ho Kang ) 한국전통조경학회 2012 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구는 최근 역사정원 관광공간으로 이용이 증가하고 있는 경주 동궁과 월지의 물리적 수용력과 심리적 수용력을 중심으로 경주 동궁과 월지의 적정수용력을 측정하여 향후 정보 모니터링 조기경보시스템의 구축과 지속가능한 관리방안을 설정하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현장관측과 설문조사를 실시하였다. 물리적 수용력은 경관 결절점 공간용량과 도로 공간용량, 기타 공간용량을 나눠서 산정하였으며, 심리적 수용력은 관광객의 시각, 청각, 촉각, 행동 느낌과 만족도 측면에서의 접근을 통하여 추정하였다. 실제 이용관광객 수와 적정 수용력을 비교해 보면 주간에는 이용관광객 수가 적합한 반면, 야간에는 적정 수용력의 두 배 이상 초과된 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 야간 방문객은 단체관광객이 주류를 이루어서 짧고 정해진 시간대에 집중되어 유적지의 경관과 식생 환경을 훼손시켰다. 이러한 결과를 중심으로 경주 동궁과 월지의 관리에 대한 정책적 관리개선방안을 제시하였다. The main objective of this study is to reveal the basic information for structuring the subsequent information monitoring and early warning system and configuring the sustainable programme management of Donggung and wolji, Gyeongju which was much utilized as historic garden with the physical carrying capacity and the psychological carrying capacity according to on-spot observation and survey. The physical carrying capacity can be calculated with landscape node spatial capacity, road spatial capacity and other spatial capacity and the psychological carrying capacity can be calculated with vision, hearing, touch, action feeling and satisfaction. The number of actual tourists was lower than the carrying capacity in daytime, but it was about twice as great as that in the night. And because the tourists were mainly tour groups, the time of environment damaged was short and fixed. The management improvement program was brought forward centre around the results.

중국 항주(杭州)의 역사경관 변천과정 -서호(西湖)경관을 중심으로-

반상 ( Xiang Pan ),서환 ( Huan Xu ),강태호 ( Tai Ho Kang ) 한국전통조경학회 2012 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.30 No.4

항주는 중국에서 2,300년의 역사를 지니고 있으며, 자연풍광이 아름답기로 유명한 역사문화도시이다. 특히 서호는 세계적으로 유명한 경치 좋은 호수로서, 2011년에 유네스코 세계문화경관유산으로 등재되었다. 서호는 변천과정을 거치면서도 역사경관은 사라지지 않고, 각 시기별 지속적인 보호와 관리로 현재까지 최적화를 유지할 수 있었다. 따라서 쾌적한 주거환경을 개발하면서 지속가능한 역사경관의 보존을 위해 서호 경관의 변천과정에 대한 연구는 매우 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 항주 서호 경관의 변천과정을 중심으로 먼저 고대 항주의 도성구조와 사상적 배경을 사료와 문헌을 통해 서호 경관의 당, 송, 원, 명, 청 각 시기의 특징과 변천과정 및 역사적 경험을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 항주는 도성계획에 있어 역(易)과 풍수사상 및 「관자(管子)」사상에서 영향을 받아 입지선정과 주변의 자연환경과의 고려를 중요시하였다. 따라서 항주 서호 경관의 특징은 산수풍경을 그림처럼 표현하고 지형과 주변 환경에 조성되었다. 서호는 송대 이후, 청대까지의 역대 조정은 천 년 동안 지속적으로 여러 번의 정비와 건설을 통해, 현재의 경관이 완성되었다. Hangzhou, in China, is a city that has a history as long as 2,300 years and is renowned due to its natural scenery of a beautiful lake surrounded by gentle green hills. This world wide famous scenery, known as West Lake(西湖), in 2011, was included in the World Heritage Landscape List. Though this place experienced enormous development and changes during thousands of years, historic sceneries did not disappear with the passage of time. In contrary, they are refined and increased attributing to protection efforts from past dynasties. Therefore, research in landscape transition is significant for building livable environment and preserving historical landscape. This paper mainly focuses on history transition of city Hangzhou. First of all, its urban construction and guiding ideology is analyzed. Then, deep meticulous research is carried out on development and preservation achievements for dynasty Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. In the end, from a historical point of view, this paper will provide a new perspective which would contribute to sustainable preservation of historical landscape. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the West Lake through several times of the rectification and construction, the present landscape was completed during thousand years several times through the construction.

USP18 promotes the growth in hemangiomas by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway

Ke Huan,Ma Xiang,Zeng Ying,Lu Jingjing,Fu Guili 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.4

Background USP (ubiquitin-specific peptidase) 18 functions as deubiquitinating enzyme and participates in various human malignancies. The underlying mechanism involved in USP18-mediated hemangiomas progression has not been reported yet. Objective Immunohistochemistry analysis, qRT-PCR, and western blot were applied to detect USP18 expression in hemangioma tissues and cells. Lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA transfection was performed to silence USP18, and pcDNA-mediated USP18 over-expression was also performed. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and flow cytometry were applied to investigate cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. In vivo xenograft model was performed to detect function of USP18 on tumor growth. Results USP18 was enhanced in hemangioma tissues and cells compared to vascular endothelial tissues and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. Forced USP18 promoted cell viability and proliferation of human hemangioma endothelial cell (HemEC) and hemangioendothelioma endothelial cell (EOMA). Cell apoptosis of HemEC and EOMA were repressed by USP18 over-expression with reduced Bax and cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, silence of USP18 demonstrated the opposite effects on HemEC and EOMA cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. Silence of USP18 also retarded in vivo tumorigenicity of hemangiomas. Phosphorylation of AKT was enhanced by USP18 over-expression, while reduced by USP18 silence. Conclusion USP18 functioned as an oncogene in hemangiomas through acceleration of cell proliferation and repression of cell apoptosis, providing new insight for therapy of hemangiomas. Background USP (ubiquitin-specific peptidase) 18 functions as deubiquitinating enzyme and participates in various human malignancies. The underlying mechanism involved in USP18-mediated hemangiomas progression has not been reported yet. Objective Immunohistochemistry analysis, qRT-PCR, and western blot were applied to detect USP18 expression in hemangioma tissues and cells. Lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA transfection was performed to silence USP18, and pcDNA-mediated USP18 over-expression was also performed. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and flow cytometry were applied to investigate cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. In vivo xenograft model was performed to detect function of USP18 on tumor growth. Results USP18 was enhanced in hemangioma tissues and cells compared to vascular endothelial tissues and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. Forced USP18 promoted cell viability and proliferation of human hemangioma endothelial cell (HemEC) and hemangioendothelioma endothelial cell (EOMA). Cell apoptosis of HemEC and EOMA were repressed by USP18 over-expression with reduced Bax and cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, silence of USP18 demonstrated the opposite effects on HemEC and EOMA cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. Silence of USP18 also retarded in vivo tumorigenicity of hemangiomas. Phosphorylation of AKT was enhanced by USP18 over-expression, while reduced by USP18 silence. Conclusion USP18 functioned as an oncogene in hemangiomas through acceleration of cell proliferation and repression of cell apoptosis, providing new insight for therapy of hemangiomas.

Role of Diffusion in the Kinetics of Reversible Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions

Attila Szabo,Huan-Xiang Zhou 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.3

The accurate expression for the steady-state velocity of an irreversible enzyme-catalyzed reaction obtained by Shin and co-workers (J. Chem. Phys. 2001, 115, 1455) is generalized to allow for the rebinding of the product. The amplitude of the power-law (t–1/2) relaxation of the free- and bound-enzyme concentrations to steady-state values is expressed in terms of the steady-state velocity and the intrinsic (chemical) rate constants. This result is conjectured to be exact, even though our expression for the steady-state velocity in terms of microscopic parameters is only approximate.

Mite Prevalence and Mite Sensitivity in China

Wen, Ting Huan,Cal, Li,Xu, Wei Hing,Wang, Hong,Xiang, Li,Hong, Shou Shu,Zhong, Jiang Min,Zhuang, Yi Jun 대한알레르기학회 1991 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.11 No.2