Hemoglobin Concentration and Hematocrit Value of Black Bengal Goats Infected with Fasciola gigantica

Howlader, M.M.R.,Huq, M.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.1

A total of 72 Black Bengal goats of 2.5 to 3.5 and 4.0 to 6.0 years old were used in this study. Equal number of animals were included in Fasciola gigantica infected and non-infected control groups. For each age and treatment groups 18 blood samples were collected in glass vials contained EDTA anticoagulant in summer and winter seasons before the animals were slaughtered at abottoir. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined using microhematocrit and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by cyanmethemoglobin methods. The PCV of F. gigantica infected animals were significantly lower than the non-infected animals. The average PCV values obtained were 26.60 and 32.20% for F. gigantica infected and non-infected animals, respectively. The Hb values of infected animals were significantly lower than the non-infected animals. The average Hb values obtained were 9.17 and 10.51 gm% for F. gigantica infected and non-infected goats, respectively. There was no significant effect of age and season on the values of PCV and Hb of infected and non-infected animals.

Differential Expression under Podosphaera xanthii and Abiotic Stresses Reveals Candidate MLO Family Genes in Cucumis melo L

Howlader, Jewel,Park, Jong-In,Kim, Hoy-Taek,Ahmed, Nasar Uddin,Robin, Arif Hasan Khan,Sumi, Kanij Rukshana,Natarajan, Sathishkumar,Nou, Ill-Sup Springer New York 2017 Tropical plant biology Vol.10 No.4

<P> Mildew Locus O (MLO) gene family members have significant functions in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we retrieved 14 MLO sequences designated as Cucumis melo MLO (CmMLO) fromthemelon genome database 'Melonomics'. Phylogenetic analysis distributed the 14 predicted CmMLO proteins into five of the six distinct MLO clades. Tissue-specific reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis using the C. melo 'SCNU1154' line revealed that 14 CmMLO genes were differentially expressed, suggesting their probable roles in specific processes of growth and development. Analysis of stress-induced expression revealed that five of the CmMLO genes were upregulated at 6 h post inoculation (dpi) with Podosphaera xanthii Race 1 or DH487, indicating a possible role for MLO proteins in the host cell as an initial step of disease progress. Seven CmMLO genes were upregulated at 10 d post inoculation (dpi) with both races, timing that corresponds to disease appearance at the later stage of infection. RT-qPCR analysis also revealed that all 14 CmMLO genes were up-regulated under drought stress, 13 were upregulated under salt stress, 10 were upregulated under heat stress, 4 were upregulated under cold, and 12 were upregulated under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. This information regarding the stress-responsive behavior of CmMLO genes creates a window for developing stress-resistant cultivars in the Cucurbitaceae. </P>

Conception Rate of Pabna Cows and Heifers Bred Under Artificial Insemination and Natural Service

Howlader, M.M.R.,Mian, M.F.,Kamal, A.H.M.,Prodhan, M.A.M.,Rahman, M.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.3

A study on the conception rate of 885 cows and heifers bred under artificial insemination (AI) and natural service was carried out at AI sub-centers. A high conception rate was observed at first service in all breeding methods. It was revealed that the conception rates in AI with liquid semen (LS) were found to be 25.08, 18.58, 12.69, and 2.48% after 1, 2, 3 and 4 services, respectively. Inseminations of cattle with frozen semen (FS) were found to achieve 42.15, 14.46, 5.85, and 2.46% conception rates after 1, 2, 3, and 4 services, respectively. In natural service, conception rates were found to be 62.45, 6.75, 5.91, and 4.64%, respectively, after 1, 2, 3, and 4 services. Insemination of cows and heifers at mid-cycle had significantly (p < 0.05) higher conception rate as compared to early and late cycles. The existing AI machineries and breeding management need to be improved to achieve higher conception rate of dairy cattle under AI.

EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL INFECll0N WITH STOMACH WORM (Haemonchus contortus) ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DOES

Howlader, M.M.R.,Capitan, S.S.,Eduardo, S.L.,Sevilla, C.C.,Roxas, N.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.4

Comparison of body weight changes of does infected with Haemonchus contortus (treatment groups 2 &3) and uninfected does (control group) was made using weekly body weight measurements over 35 weeks. The animals in treatment group 2 weighted significantly (p < 0.05) less than animals in the control group from the 5th week to the end of the experiment. Does in treatment group 3 had significantly (p < 0.05) lighter body weight than control does from the 13th week to the end of the study. The animals in control group gained an average of 0.75 kg. On the other hand, animals in infected groups 2 and 3 lost an average of 3.90 kg and 4.13 kg body weight, respectively. The animals in groups 2 and 3 also had significantly (p < 0.05) lower preslaughter and hot carcass weights than the controls.

Performance of Growing Goats Experimentally Infected with Stomach Worm (Haemonchus contortus)

Howlader, M.M.R.,Capitan, S.S.,Eduardo, S.L.,Roxas, N.P.,Sevilla, C.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.5

A uniform group of 12 upgrade grower goats of 6.0 -7.5 months old were used in this study. They were equally divided into three groups of $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ and were infected orally with three levels (0, 5,000 and 10,000 larvae) of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Before infection, all animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floor. They were provided with a uniform management. Comparison of body weight changes of infected and uninfected grower goats were done using weekly body weights. There was significant (p < 0.01) interaction between the effect of stomach worm infection and duration of infection on body weight. The infected groups (2 and 3) weighed significantly (p < 0.05) less than the control group from week 18 to 21. The animals of control group gained an average of 2.85 kg with 18.75 g average daily gain (ADG) in 152 days, which were significantly higher than those of animals in the infected groups. There was significant effect of H. contortus infection on the pres laughter weights of grower goats. The hot carcass weights of the infected goats were significantly lower than the uninfected group. No significant difference in dressing percentage of infected and uninfected groups was observed.

Power Fluctuation Reduction of Pitch-Regulated MW-Class PMSG based WTG System by Controlling Kinetic Energy

Howlader, Abdul Motin,Urasaki, Naomitsu,Yona, Atsushi,Senjyu, Tomonobu,Saber, Ahmed Yousuf Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2012 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.1 No.2

Wind is an abundant source of natural energy which can be utilized to generate power. Wind velocity does not remain constant, and as a result the output power of wind turbine generators (WTGs) fluctuates. To reduce the fluctuation, different approaches are already being proposed, such as energy storage devices, electric double layer capacitors, flywheels, and so on. These methods are effective but require a significant extra cost to installation and maintenance. This paper proposes to reduce output power fluctuation by controlling kinetic energy of a WTG system. A MW-class pitch-regulated permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is introduced to apply a power fluctuation reducing method. The major advantage of this proposed method is that, an additional energy storage system is not required to control the power fluctuation. Additionally, the proposed method can mitigate shaft stress of a WTG system. Which is reflected in an enhanced reliability of the wind turbine. Moreover, the proposed method can be changed to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method by adjusting an averaging time. The proposed power smoothing control is compared with the MPPT control method and verified by using the MATLAB SIMULINK environment.

Optimal PAM Control for a Buck Boost DC-DC Converter with a Wide-Speed-Range of Operation for a PMSM

Howlader, Abdul Motin,Urasaki, Naomitsu,Senjyu, Tomonobu,Yona, Atsushi,Saber, Ahmed Yousuf The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.5

A pulse width modulation-voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) is used for variable speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The PWM-VSI fed PMSM has two major disadvantages. Firstly, the PWM-VSI DC-link voltage limits the magnitude of the PMSM terminal voltage. As a result, the motor speed is restricted. Secondly, in a low speed range, the PWM-VSI modulation index declines. This is caused by a high DC-link voltage and a low terminal voltage ratio. As a result, the distortion of the voltage command and the stator current are increased. This paper proposes an optimal pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) control which can adjust the inverter DC-link voltage by using a buck-boost DC-DC converter. At a low speed range, the proposed system can reduce the distortion of the voltage command, which improves the stator current waveform. Also, the allowable speed range is extended. In order to verify the proposed method, experimental results are provided to confirm the simulation results.

Effects of Experimental Haemonchus contortus Infection on Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells of Growing Goats

Howlader, M.M.R.,Capitan, S.S.,Eduardo, S.L.,Roxas, N.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

A uniform group of 12 upgraded growing goats aged between 6.0 and 7.5 months were used in this study. They were divided into three groups of $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$. Four animals were randomly allocated to each group. They were infected orally with three levels (0 larva, 5,000 larvae and 10,000 larvae) of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Before infection, all animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floors. They were provided with a uniform management. Total red blood cells (RBC) and total white blood cells (WBC) were measured by hemacytometric method. Results showed significant interaction effect of H. contortus infection and duration of infection on red blood cell counts. The RBC counts of animals in treatment groups 2 and 3 showed significantly lower values over the control group from the second fortnight to the end of the study. The overall mean RBC values of groups 1, 2 and 3 were 11.73, 9.70 and $9.12million/mm^3$ blood, respectively. H. contortus infection did not significantly influence the total leukocyte counts. Worm infection and duration of infection interaction was also absent on WBC counts. However, the time or duration of infection significantly influenced the WBC counts. Fecal egg counts showed patent infections in the infected animals which also indicated by postmortem worm counts.

Histologic Alterations in the Liver of Black Bengal Goats Infected with Fasciola gigantica

Howlader, M.M.R.,Huq, M.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.1

A total of 77 Black Bengal goats (67 females and 10 males) of 3.5 to 5.0 years old between 18 and 20 kg liveweights were used in this study. The whole liver with gall-bladder from respective carcass was collected at slaughter following fecal and postmortem examinations. Tissue sections of all lobes of each liver were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin following a standard procedure. Results confirmed the presence of flukes surrounded by fibrous capsule in the liver. All the animals were suffering from chronic Fasciola gigantica infections. The blood vessels in most of the liver tissue were thickened due to proliferation of fibrous tissue around them. Focal infiltration of lymphocytes in the lobules, patches of focal accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils were found in all the liver tissue. Proliferations of new bile ductules in the hepatic trinity around the bile ducts that were clogged by the flukes were also observed in most tissue sections.

Effects of Stomach Worm (Haemonchus contortus) Infection on The Kids Born of Infected Mother Goats

Howlader, M.M.R.,Capitan, S.S.,Eduardo, S.L.,Roxas, N.P.,Sevilla, C.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.4

Twelve newborn goat kids born of philippine does (3.5 and 5 years old) were used in this study. Four mother (candidate) doe goats were randomly allocated to each group. The mother does were infected orally with three levels (0, 15,000 and 30,000 larvae) of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Before infection all animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floors. They were provided with a uniform management. Estrus of does were synchronized using PGF2 alpha. All the animals were bred naturally by the same buck. Baby goat born of infected mother goats were divided into three groups. $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$), respectively, from mother treatment groups. Birth weight and growth of goat kids born from H. contortus infected mother goats were determined. Birth weights of kids of $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were 1.9, 1.5 and 1.2 kg, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in birth weight of kids for the 3 treatment groups were found. However, significant (p < 0.05) effects of stomach worm infection and duration of infection on liveweight gain of kids were observed. After second and third week of birth, respectively, the kids of groups 3 and 2 registered lover liveweight gains than the kids in control group. However, no significant (p > 0.05) difference in liveweight gain was found between the kids of infected mother does. Fecal egg counts of the infected mother does showed patent infections which also indicated by postmortem worm counts. However, no worm egg was found in the feces of the test kids.