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장정원,이종호,김근태,김윤미,Thomas A. Houpt,김동구 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.1
This study was conducted to define the molecular mechanism of fasting-induced down-regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Rats were adrenalectomized (ADX), and then either underwent food deprivation or received varying doses of dexamethasone for 48 h. The brain tissues were processed for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining, a histochemical marker of nNOS enzyme activity. Both the ADX and the sham operated rats showed a significant weight loss after 48 h of food deprivation. Food deprivation decreased the number of NADPH-d containing cells in the PVN of sham rats, however, not in the ADX rats. Dexamethasone dose- dependently decreased NADPH-d cells in the PVN of ADX rats. The effect of ADX or dexamethasone was limited to the parvocellular subdivision of PVN. These results suggest that the adrenal glucocorticoids may down-regulate nNOS expression in the PVN during food deprivation.
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Chloé Tavernier,Sohail Ahmed,Katherine Albro Houpt,Seong Chan Yeon 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.1
Cat vocalizes to communicate with another and express their internal states. The vocal repertoire of the cat is wide and up to 21 different vocalizations have been described in the literatures. But it is more than probable that the repertoire contains more types of vocalizations. An ethogram was created in this paper describing the actual known vocalisations of the domestic cat based on an auditory classification. However, the audiogram allows also a visual classification which can increase the accuracy of vocalization differentiation. The classification can be risky as it is sometimes unclear if different types of vocalizations are produced in different environments or if a unique type of vocalization is used with variation in the acoustic parameters. As an example, isolation calls produced by kittens differ depending on the context. The environment has an important impact on the vocal behaviour and thus feral cats and pet cats vocalize differently. Pet cats are thus able to create an efficient communication with humans thanks to the flexibility of vocalisation behaviours. This review allowed us to create a simple model of the cat vocal repertory.
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Heysell, Scott K.,Moore, Jane L.,Peloquin, Charles A.,Ashkin, David,Houpt, Eric R. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.2
Background: Reports of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for second-line medications to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort from the Virginia state tuberculosis (TB) registry, 2009-2014, was analyzed for TDM usage in MDR-TB. Drug concentrations, measured at time of estimated peak ($C_{max}$), were compared to expected ranges. Results: Of 10 patients with MDR-TB, 8 (80%) had TDM for at least one drug (maximum 6 drugs). Second-line drugs tested were cycloserine in seven patients (mean $C_{2hr}$, $16.6{\pm}10.2{\mu}g/mL$; 4 [57%] below expected range); moxifloxacin in five (mean $C_{2hr}$, $3.2{\pm}1.5{\mu}g/mL$; 1 [20%] below); capreomycin in five (mean $C_{2hr}$, $21.5{\pm}14.0{\mu}g/mL$; 3 [60%] below); para-aminosalicylic acid in five (mean $C_{6hr}$, $65.0{\pm}29.1{\mu}g/mL$; all within or above); linezolid in three (mean $C_{2hr}$, $11.4{\pm}4.1{\mu}g/mL$, 1 [33%] below); amikacin in two (mean $C_{2hr}$, $35.3{\pm}3.7{\mu}g/mL$; 1 [50%] below); ethionamide in one ($C_{2hr}$, $1.49{\mu}g/mL$, within expected). Two patients died: a 38-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and TB meningitis without TDM, and a 76-year-old man with fluoroquinolone-resistant (pre-extensively drug-resistant) pulmonary TB and low linezolid and capreomycin concentrations. Conclusion: Individual pharmacokinetic variability was common. A more standardized approach to TDM for MDR-TB may limit over-testing and maximize therapeutic gain.
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Spencer, Corinne M.,Jahng, Jeong Won,Ryu, Vitaly,Houpt, Thomas A. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH - Vol.82 No.2
<P>Lithium has acute and chronic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis that are important for both therapeutic (e.g., treatment of mood disorders) and experimental (e.g., as the toxin in conditioned taste aversion studies) applications. We visualized lithium-induced activation of the HPA axis in rats by the adrenal expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), which is activated by elevated intracellular cAMP. We have shown that 1) intraperitoneal lithium chloride (LiCl) induces transient expression of ICER and c-fos mRNAs in the rat adrenal cortex and increases plasma level of corticosterone; 2) the cortical expression of ICER mRNA by LiCl occurs in a dose-dependent manner; 3) adrenal induction of ICER expression is delayed compared with c-fos expression; 4) dexamethasone pretreatment (4 mg/kg) blocks corticosterone release and adrenocortical ICER induction either by systemic LiCl (76 mg/kg) or by restraint stress; and 5) intracerebroventricular LiCl (127 μg/5 μl) is sufficient for adrenocortical, but not medullary, ICER induction. These results suggest that adrenocortical ICER expression could serve as a reliable marker for lithium-induced activation of the HPA axis. Understanding the activation of immediate-early genes such as c-fos or ICER in response to a single LiCl injection is an important first step in understanding the long-term changes in gene expression elicited by lithium that are involved in its therapeutic and toxic effect. The pattern and mechanism by which lithium stimulates ICER transcription in the adrenal gland would serve as a useful model system in future studies of lithium. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
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( Scott K Heysell ),( Jane L Moore ),( Charles A. Peloquin Pharm ),( David Ashkin ),( Eric R Houpt ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.2
Background: Reports of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for second-line medications to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort from the Virginia state tuberculosis (TB) registry, 2009-2014, was analyzed for TDM usage in MDR-TB. Drug concentrations, measured at time of estimated peak (Cmax), were compared to expected ranges. Results: Of 10 patients with MDR-TB, 8 (80%) had TDM for at least one drug (maximum 6 drugs). Second-line drugs tested were cycloserine in seven patients (mean C2hr, 16.6±10.2 μg/mL; 4 [57%] below expected range); moxifloxacin in five (mean C2hr, 3.2±1.5 μg/mL; 1 [20%] below); capreomycin in five (mean C2hr, 21.5±14.0 μg/mL; 3 [60%] below); para-aminosalicylic acid in five (mean C6hr, 65.0±29.1 μg/mL; all within or above); linezolid in three (mean C2hr, 11.4±4.1 μg/mL, 1 [33%] below); amikacin in two (mean C2hr, 35.3±3.7 μg/mL; 1 [50%] below); ethionamide in one (C2hr, 1.49 μg/mL, within expected). Two patients died: a 38-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and TB meningitis without TDM, and a 76-year-old man with fluoroquinolone-resistant (pre-extensively drug-resistant) pulmonary TB and low linezolid and capreomycin concentrations. Conclusion: Individual pharmacokinetic variability was common. A more standardized approach to TDM for MDR-TB may limit over-testing and maximize therapeutic gain.
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