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Im, Donggu,Nam, Ilku,Kim, Hong-Teuk,Lee, Kwyro IEEE 2009 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.44 No.3
<P> A wideband CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) with single-ended input and output employing noise and IM2 distortion cancellation for a digital terrestrial and cable TV tuner is presented. By adopting a noise canceling structure combining a common source amplifier and a common gate amplifier by current amplification, the LNA obtains a low noise figure and high IIP3. IIP2 as well as IIP3 of the LNA is important in broadband systems, especially digital terrestrial and cable TV applications. Accordingly, in order to overcome the poor IIP2 performance of conventional LNAs with single-ended input and output and avoid the use of external and bulky passive transformers along with high sensitivity, an IM2 distortion cancellation technique exploiting the complementary RF performance of NMOS and PMOS while retaining thermal noise canceling is adopted in the LNA. The proposed LNA is implemented in a 0.18 <TEX>$\mu\hbox{m}$</TEX> CMOS process and achieves a power gain of 14 dB, an average noise figure of 3 dB, an IIP3 of 3 dBm, an IIP2 of 44 dBm at maximum gain, and S11 of under <TEX>${- 9}~{\rm dB}$</TEX> in a frequency range from 50 MHz to 880 MHz. The power consumption is 34.8 mW at 2.2 V and the chip area is 0.16 <TEX>${\rm mm}^{2}$</TEX>. </P>
‘한글’ 명명자(命名者)와 사료(史料) 검증(檢證)의 문제(問題)-고영근(2003)에 답함-
임홍빈 ( Im Hong-pin ) 한국어문교육연구회 2007 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.35 No.3
本攷는 ‘한글’ 名稱의 命名者에 대하여 高永根(2003)에 답하는 것을 目的으로 한다. 高永根은 ‘한글’이란 이름을 처음 사용한 사람은 沃坡 李鍾一이지만, 周時經이 지은 것으로 보아야 한다고 主張한다. 이러한 主張은 命題 自體가 異常을 가지는 것이다. 본고는 고영근의 主張을 檢討하여 그 주장이 成立될 수 없는 것임을 밝힘과 동시에 ‘沃坡備忘錄’에 나타난 “한글”이란 名稱은 後代의 누군가에 의하여 加筆, 變改, 飜案된 것임을 밝혔다. ‘沃坡備忘錄’이 紛失된 것으로 알려진 現在 이러한 事實을 立證하기는 어려운 일이다. 그러나 沃坡의 다른 原文과 沃坡紀念事業會 편(1984)에 실린 다른 記錄을 比較 對照하여 變改가 廣範圍하게 행해졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 沃坡 한글 命名說은 성립할 수 없는 것이다. 따라서 ‘한글’ 名稱은 六堂 崔南善이 朝鮮光文會에서 1910년 10월~12월 사이에 發說한 것이라는 任洪彬(1996)의 假說은 아직 有效한 것으로 볼 수 있다. This paper intends to reply to Ko (2003) on the problem about who invented the name of Hangeul. Attacking Im (1996) which claimed that the name of Hangeul was firstly spoken out by Choi, Nam-seon(崔南善) at the time between Oct and Dec of 1910, not by Ju, Si-gyeong (周時經), Ko (2003) put forth another claim that the creator should be Ju, Si-gyeong, even though the first user of the name was identified as Lee, Jong-il(李鍾一). The so-called Lee hypothesis on the problem of the creator of the Hangeul name was due to the materials of Okpa Memorandum(沃坡備忘錄). If the materials were existent to be identified the date of the first use of the name of Hangeul, Im's (1996) 1910 year hypothesis cannot be maintained. But unfortunately it is said that the original manuscript has been lost not to be retrieved. What we can see at present is a part of the book printed with movable types, the part of which is called Okpa Memorandum. We can find the name of Hangeul at the writings of 4 Jul 1898 and 1 Aug 1898 in those materials. However, the Hangeul names that occured in those data were presumably changed into present forms by some other human(s) afterwards. These facts can be confirmed by comparison of the contents printed in the Okpa Ginyeom Nonseoljip(沃坡紀念論說集) with the ori- ginal writings of Lee, Jong-il. Thus Im's (1996) hypothesis that the name of Hangeul was firstly spoken out by Choi, Nam-seon at the time between Oct and Dec of 1910 is still alive.
DISCOVERY OF A FAINT QUASAR AT <i>z</i> ∼ 6 AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC REIONIZATION
Kim, Yongjung,Im, Myungshin,Jeon, Yiseul,Kim, Minjin,Choi, Changsu,Hong, Jueun,Hyun, Minhee,Jun, Hyunsung David,Karouzos, Marios,Kim, Dohyeong,Kim, Duho,Kim, Jae-Woo,Kim, Ji Hoon,Lee, Seong-Kook,Pak, IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.813 No.2
<P>Recent studies suggest that faint active galactic nuclei may be responsible for the reionization of the universe. Confirmation of this scenario requires spectroscopic identification of faint quasars (M-1450 > -24 mag) at z greater than or similar to 6, but only a very small number of such quasars have been spectroscopically identified so far. Here, we report the discovery of a faint quasar IMS J220417.92+011144.8 at z similar to 6 in a 12.5 deg(2) region of the SA22 field of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS). The spectrum of the quasar shows a sharp break at similar to 8443 angstrom, with emission lines redshifted to z = 5.944 +/- 0.002 and rest-frame ultraviolet continuum magnitude M-1450 = -23.59 +/- 0.10 AB mag. The discovery of IMS J220417.92+011144.8 is consistent with the expected number of quasars at z similar to 6 estimated from quasar luminosity functions based on previous observations of spectroscopically identified low-luminosity quasars. This suggests that the number of M-1450 similar to 23 mag quasars at z similar to 6 may not be high enough to fully account for the reionization of the universe. In addition, our study demonstrates that faint quasars in the early universe can be identified effectively with a moderately wide and deep near-infrared survey such as the IMS.</P>
任洪彬 서울대학교 어학연구소 1974 語學硏究 Vol.10 No.2
Traditionally lo is known as a instrumental case marker. There has been another position which classified the case uses of lo into several cases according to their context meanings. But it is evident that neither the former nor the latter can be a solution for the problem. It is because we, Koreans, have the amorphous idea that the case uses of lo are not so homogenic nor so heterogenic. It cannot be denied that we feel a certain consistency of lo despite of their functional diversity in use. In Im (1972b) we set up a hypothesis concerning the case phenomena of Korean. It is that the case of Korean is strongly syntactically oriented. Formerly only possible explanation about this matter morphological, such as a nominal with i/ka is nominative; with il/lil is accusative; with e is locative; etc. But this is nothing but a biproduct resulted from emphasizing the agglutinative nature of Korean morphology. A bare form of a nominal which is so popular in spoken is remained without explanation. It seems clear that a nominal even without the case marker can have a case required for the sentence. When applied to lo, this principle brings us a great advantage. First of all, we come to notice that the relation between the preceding nominals and lo is not so tightly connected. Some other case markers or postpositions can be inserted between them. This suggests that lo is not a case literally as it was supposed. Now consider the following. (1) a. py??nci-ka na-eke o-ass-ta. b. py??nci-ka na-eke-lo o-ass-ta. letter SM I DM come past "a letter came to me." "The letter came to me (I wonder why not to others)." The translation of (1b) is far from satisfactory. It is only seemingly near to Korean. To clarify the nuance implicated in it is our primary concern. We attained the conclusion by examining their possible situations. In (1b) the speaker "I" presupposed that the agent had selected "me" among others who could deserve the letter, in other words, that the agent had excluded others except "me". On the other hand, (la) does not say anything like this. Factually, the same thing may be presupposed in(la). But in (1a) such implication is not expressed overtly. We presumed that lo always has the same presupposition at any construction. For we could explain the diversity of lo uses comes from differences in deep structure. 11 The purpose of the present article is to examine the relation between linguistics and the problem of meaning with special reference to Firth's theory of linguistics and his concept of meaning. Firth concerned himself mainly with the development of two new ideas, on concerning phonology and the other semantics. The central notion of Firth's semantic ideas is that of context of situation, that is, his theory of meaning. His theory of meaning is concerned with an all-embracing theory of language structure, and not merely with semantics as this term is customarily understood.^1 Firth proposes to split up meaning or function into a series of component functions. Each function will be defined as the use of some language form or element in relation to some context. According to his point of view, meaning is to be regarded as a complex of contextual relations, and phonetics, grammar, lexicography, and semantics each handles its own components of the complex in its appropriate context. His theory of meaning is radically different from the theory, considered n the traditional point of view of semantics. It is only his semantic function that is equivalent to the meaning meant by us. By semantic funtion is meant the relations between elements of linguistics structures of terms of linguistic systems and non-verbal constituents of the situation. Situations are literally infinite in both objective and subjective characterizations, whereas linguistic categories give promise of being more restricted. In practice, it is next to impossible to analyse the situations into discontinuous and divisible elements and set up the units of situation sufficient and necessary for the elucidation of the meaning of utterance. Firth's theory of meaning has not much of value to contribute to contempory linguistics.
홍성걸,마임영,정명생 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2000 농업경영정책연구 Vol.27 No.2
Laver aquaculture has caused post-harvesting problems such as aggravation of fisheries environment by using inorganic acid in accordance with policies accentuating production increase. These problems resulted in reducing the consumption of laver. Therefore, prior to establishing development plans for laver aquaculture, improvement plans have been described after the analysis of problems concerning the treatment of inorganic acid. While solving this fundamental problem, methods to revitalize the consumption of laver has been drawn in terms of processing, distribution and export. The most important point regarding the solution of the inorganic acid problem is the establishment of an autonomous collective management system through joint-harvesting. And for this, we have considered founding a "Union of Laver Aquaculture Associations" between the associations which cultivate laver. Finally, the establishment of processing and distribution strategies by organizing national campaigns around the 「Day of the Sea」, opening community bazaars, and differentiating purchasers as well as applications of the product, have been proposed. Also, the enlargement of domestic consumers by utilizing e-commerce through the construction of portal service on the Internet has been underlined and the diversification of markets by employing marketing strategies which try to reach foreign consumers directly has been presented.
頭蓋低의 屈曲度에 따른 각 骨格要素의 適應樣相에 關한 硏究
任洪錫,車敬石 대한치과교정학회 1992 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.22 No.1
This study was performed to define the adaptation patterns of each skeletal components to the flexures of cranial bases, using 91 males from the ages of 17 to 36 and 64 females from the ages of 16 to 34, without orthodontic or prosthetic treatment experiences and with pleasant profiles as subjects. The conclusions are as follow: 1. When considering the changes of flexure of cranial base(Ba-SE-FMN) in both sexes, changes in the anterior cranial base angle to the PM Vertical line (SE-FMN/PMV) were greater than the changes in the posterior cranial base angle to the PM Vertical line(Ba-SE/PMV). Subsequently the nasomaxillary complex showed antero-superior rotating effect as the cranial base angles were increased and postero-inferior rotating effect as they were decreased. 2. Horizontal mandibular angle (Ba-SE-Me) was increased in both sexes as cranial base angle increases(Ba-SE-FMN) and it decreased as the latter was decreases. There by indicating compensatory effects. 3. Maxillary angle(SE-FMN-A) was decreased in both sexes as cranial base angle(Ba-SE-FMN) increases and it increased as the latter was decreased. There by indicating compensatory effects. 4. Mandibular ramus angle to posterior cranial base was decreased in both sexes as cranial base angle increases. There by indicating compensatory effect to anteriorly displaced maxilla and the mandibular ramus angle was increased as the cranial base angle decreases. There by indicating compensatory effect to posteriorly displace maxilla. 5. The length of posterior upper facial height was decreased in both sexes as the cranial base angle increases and it increased as the latter was decreased.
혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향
홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.
카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의
홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2
Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.