健康資本模型에 의한 家計 保健醫療費 支出의 時系列分析 : A Health Capital Approach 價格彈力性과 支出彈力性의 推定

李會京,孔文基 韓國計量經濟學會 1997 계량경제학보 Vol.8 No.-

본 論文은 家計 保健醫療費 支出의 결정과정을 生涯週期이론에 근거한 健康資本모형으로서 분석한다. Grossman의 모형을 일반화시킨 消費支出과 保健醫療費 支出의 동시결정모형은 不安定한 시계열 간에 장기적으로 안정적인 관계인 共積分制約이 존재함을 함의하며, 共積分回歸분석을 통해 保健醫療費 支出의 價格彈力性과 支出彈力性을 추정할 수 있다. 韓國의 도시가계 조사 자료를 이용한 실증분석결과, 家計 保健醫療費 支出은 健康資本모형에 의하여 설명될 수 있으며, 비탄력적인 價格彈力性과 支出彈力性을 얻었다. 특히 1970년대 후반부터 안정적인 값을 나타내는 彈力性값은 全國民醫療保險制度下에서의 超過需要와 誘因需要의가능성, 家計部門에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 公共部門의 역할 등에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다.

Use of the Fix and Flap Approach to Complex Open Elbow Injury: The Role of the Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Christopher Hoe-Kong Chui,Chin-Ho Wong,Winston Y Chew,Mun-Hon Low,Bien-Keem Tan 대한성형외과학회 2012 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.39 No.2

Background Complex elbow injuries with associated nerve, muscle, or joint injury commonly develop post-inury stiffness. In order to preserve function, joint congruency, elbow stability and durable wound coverage must be achieved in a timely manner. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent orthopaedic fixation followed by free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap soft tissue coverage was performed. Five patients were identified and included in this study. Results We present a series of 5 cases managed with this principle. Soft tissue defects ranged in size from 4×9 cm (36 cm2) to 15×30 cm (450 cm2) and were located either posteriorly (n=4) or anteriorly (n=1). Associated injuries included open fractures (n=3) and motor nerve transection (n=2). Wound coverage was achieved in a mean duration of 18.8 days (range, 11to 42 day). There were no flap failures and no major complications. The mean postoperative active elbow motion was 102° (range, 45° to 140°). Conclusions In our small series we have highlighted the safety and utility of using the free ALT flap in complex elbow injuries. The ALT flap has many advantages which include abundant skin and subcutaneous tissue; vascularised vastus lateralis muscle that was used in our series to obliterate dead space, provide a vascular bed for nerve grafts and combat infection; and,access to fascia lata grafts for reconstruction of the triceps tendon.

Use of the Fix and Flap Approach to Complex Open Elbow Injury: The Role of the Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Chui, Christopher Hoe-Kong,Wong, Chin-Ho,Chew, Winston Y.,Low, Mun-Hon,Tan, Bien-Keem Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2012 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.39 No.2

Background : Complex elbow injuries with associated nerve, muscle, or joint injury commonly develop post-inury stiffness. In order to preserve function, joint congruency, elbow stability and durable wound coverage must be achieved in a timely manner. Methods : A retrospective review of patients who underwent orthopaedic fixation followed by free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap soft tissue coverage was performed. Five patients were identified and included in this study. Results : We present a series of 5 cases managed with this principle. Soft tissue defects ranged in size from $4{\times}9cm$ ($36cm^2$) to $15{\times}30cm$ ($450cm^2$) and were located either posteriorly (n=4) or anteriorly (n=1). Associated injuries included open fractures (n=3) and motor nerve transection (n=2). Wound coverage was achieved in a mean duration of 18.8 days (range, 11 to 42 day). There were no flap failures and no major complications. The mean postoperative active elbow motion was $102^{\circ}$ (range, $45^{\circ}$ to $140^{\circ}$). Conclusions : In our small series we have highlighted the safety and utility of using the free ALT flap in complex elbow injuries. The ALT flap has many advantages which include abundant skin and subcutaneous tissue; vascularised vastus lateralis muscle that was used in our series to obliterate dead space, provide a vascular bed for nerve grafts and combat infection; and, access to fascia lata grafts for reconstruction of the triceps tendon.

Differential Effects of Cysteine and Histidine-Capped ZnS:Mn Nanocrystals on Escherichia coli and Human Cells

Kong, Hoon-Young,Kim, Song-Yi,Byun, Jong-Hoe,Hwang, Cheong-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

Cysteine and histidine-capped water-dispersible ZnS:Mn nanocrystals (ZnS:Mn-Cys and ZnS:Mn-His) were synthesized and their effects on E. coli and human cells were investigated. Particle sizes of these nanocrystals were found from HR-TEM images to be 3.5 nm and 4.0 nm, respectively. Their solution photoluminescence spectra showed identical broad emission peaks at 580 nm. ZnS:Mn-His significantly suppressed the growth of E. coli at $100{\mu}g/mL$ and 1 mg/mL concentrations, something not observed with ZnS:Mn-Cys. Consistent with this, greater inhibition of cell proliferation and viability were observed in HEK293 and IMR90 cells in ZnS:Mn-His at $100{\mu}g/mL$ and 1 mg/mL concentrations.

Biological Toxicity Changes of Mercaptoacetic Acid and Mercaptopropionic Acid Upon Coordination onto ZnS:Mn Nanocrystal

Kong, Hoon-Young,Hwang, Cheong-Soo,Byun, Jong-Hoe Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2

Mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals were synthesized and their physical characteristics were examined by XRD, HR-TEM, EDXS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The optical properties of the MPA capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals dispersed in aqueous solution were also measured by UV/Vis and solution photoluminescence (PL) spectra, which showed a broad emission peak around 598 nm (orange light emissions) with calculated relative PL efficiency of 5.2%. Comparative toxicity evaluation of the uncoordinated ligands, MAA and MPA, with the corresponding ZnS:Mn nanocrystals revealed that the original ligands significantly suppressed the growth of wild type E. coli whereas the ligandcapped nanocrystals did not show significant toxic effects. The reduced cytotoxicity of the conjugated ZnS:Mn nanocrystals was also observed in NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results imply that potential toxicities of the capping ligands can be neutralized on ZnS:Mn surface.

폐자동차의 효율적 회수 및 재활용 확대방안에 관한 연구

공성호,배성렬,김장회,강정호,김용수 한양대학교 에너지·환경기술연구소 1999 에너지·環境技術論文集 Vol.5 No.-

경제성장과 국민소득 향상에 따른 자동차 보유대수의 증가와 함께 대량으로 발생되는 폐자동차의 효율적 회수와 합리적인 처리는 사회·경제 ·환경적인 면에서 매우 중요한 해결과제로 부상하였다. 따라서 본연구는 우리나라 폐차시스템 전반을 검토하고 폐차 회수·처리체계 구축과 재활용 확대방안 강구에 중점을 두고 연구한 결과 다음과 같이 제안한다. 효율적인 폐자동차의 회수를 위햐여 승용차는 압류·저당등록이 되어 있음에도 불구하고 폐차가 가능하도록 제도개선이 이루어져야 하며 자동차소유자의 폐차의뢰에 신속히 대처하기 위하여 방문견인실시등 폐차접수 서비스를 강화화여야 한다. 또한 폐자동차의 재활용 활성화를 위하여 첫째, 홍보강화로 폐기물 자원화 의식을 고취하여 중고부품 사용에 대한 부정적 이미지를 불식시켜야 한다. 둘째, 폐기물 발생량 감소를 위하여 자동차 제작사로 하여금 분리·회수된 프라스틱을 의무적으로 회수하도록 하여야 한다. 셋째, 제품의 설계단계에서부터 재활용이 용이한 설계·재질개선이 이루어질 수 있도록 제도적으로 감시하고 권고하여야 한다. 넷째, 중고부품의 재사용을 금지하는 모든 규제를 철폐해야 한다. 다섯째, 환경친화적인 폐차업이 되기 위하여 환경오염 방지시설등 폐차업의 환경시설기준을 강화하여야 한다. With the increase of income per capita and the growth of the automobile a efficient recovery and treatment of End-of-Life Vehicles which generating massivety raised urgent solutions of the society, economics and environment as a whole. Therefore this study present a policy and a system on the recycling recovery methods and the ELVs recovery system. The first, for the purpose of an efficient collection of the ELVs. 1. The mortgage and attachment of the auto mobile should be abolished 2. In order to meet ELV owners, justly the dismantler should provide one with fully troction services. The second. In order to recyce the ELVs. 1. Efforts should be made to make wastes resource senses, A negative impression for the used parts should be rid. 2. The car maunfactures should recover a collected plastic in duty to reduce the waste. 3. The government make car manufacturers improve materiality of ELV materiality of ELV along with a easy design for the recycling from the automobile design step in early. 4. All restrictions that prohibit reuse of the used parts should be abolished. 5. A facility of the enviromentally sound business should be reinforced in a standpoint of the environmental conservation.

자갈도상 자갈철거 기계화 방안

양회성(Yang Hoe-Seong),공선용(kong sun yong),김박진(kim bak jin) 한국철도학회 2008 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

As for track maintenance, Seoul Metro executes track bed improvement project from obsolete ballast track bed to concrete track bed in order to achieve maintenance free and to extend its LCC(Life Cycle Costing). When it comes to obsolete ballast track bed withdrawal task, now it is done solely relying on man power and ballast inhalation vehicle. In this paper, I suggested ballast cleaning system with lighter equipment to change manpower withdrawal tasks to mechanized ones. It is expected to improve work efficiency and economic benefits by applying track excavator having variable wheels and container etc, which is able to keep on the site.

Nucleic Acid Aptamers: New Methods for Selection, Stabilization, and Application in Biomedical Science

( Hoon Young Kong ),( Jong Hoe Byun ) 한국응용약물학회 2013 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.21 No.6

The adoption of oligonucleotide aptamer is well on the rise, serving an ever increasing demand for versatility in biomedical fi eld. Through the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment), aptamer that can bind to specifi c target with high affi nity and specifi city can be obtained. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that can fold into complex threedimensional structures, forming binding pockets and clefts for the specifi c recognition and tight binding of any given molecular target. Recently, aptamers have attracted much attention because they not only have all of the advantages of antibodies, but also have unique merits such as thermal stability, ease of synthesis, reversibility, and little immunogenicity. The advent of novel technologies is revolutionizing aptamer applications. Aptamers can be easily modifi ed by various chemical reactions to introduce functional groups and/or nucleotide extensions. They can also be conjugated to therapeutic molecules such as drugs, drug containing carriers, toxins, or photosensitizers. Here, we discuss new SELEX strategies and stabilization methods as well as applications in drug delivery and molecular imaging.

Emerging Roles of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase

( Hoon Young Kong ),( Jong Hoe Byun ) 한국응용약물학회 2013 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.21 No.1

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent non-skin related cancers. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in most Western countries. If prostate cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, there is a higher probability that it will be completely cured. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a non-specific phosphomonoesterase synthesized in prostate epithelial cells and its level proportionally increases with prostate cancer progression. PAP was the biochemical diagnostic mainstay for prostate cancer until the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which improved the detection of early-stage prostate cancer and largely displaced PAP. Recently, however, there is a renewed interest in PAP because of its usefulness in prognosticating intermediate to high-risk prostate cancers and its success in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Although PAP is believed to be a key regulator of prostate cell growth, its exact role in normal prostate as well as detailed molecular mechanism of PAP regulation is still unclear. Here, many different aspects of PAP in prostate cancer are revisited and its emerging roles in other environment are discussed.

Cardiac Ankyrin Repeat Protein의 과량발현이 혈관내피세포에서 갖는 혈관신생 촉진 효과

공훈영,변종회,Kong, Hoon-Young,Byun, Jong-Hoe 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.4

혈관이 좁아지거나 막혀서 생기는 허혈은 심장, 뇌, 다리와 같은 인체의 여러 장기에 영향을 미친다. 최근 혈관신생 분야에서 많은 진전이 있어 기존 치료법으로 치료가 되지 않는 허혈성 환자들의 치료 가능성에 대한 기대가 많아졌다. 혈관형성은 여러 개의 인자들과 세포들이 관여하는 복잡한 과정이기 때문에, 한 개의 인자보다는 여러 인자들을 병합하는 요법이 점점 많이 시도되고 있는데, 이런 병합요법의 한 예로 전사인자를 전달하는 전략을 생각할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP)의 유전자를 대상으로 그 혈관신생 능력을 혈관내피세포에서 조사하였다. 아데노바이러스 벡터 내에 human CARP의 cDNA를 클로닝하여 재조합 아데노바이러스를 제조하였으며, 이를 이용한 유전자 전달실험 결과, CARP 유전자 전달 군에서 유의하게 혈관내피세포의 중식과 모세관 구조 형성, 그리고 vascular endothelial growth factor의 발현 등을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 CARP가 혈관신생 연구의 새로운 목표 유전자로서 그 기능에 대한 많은 연구가 필요함을 뒷받침해준다. Tissue ischemia resulting from the constriction or obstruction of blood vessels leads to an illness that may affect many organs including the heart, brain, and legs. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the field of therapeutic angiogenesis and the new approaches are expected to cure those "no-option patients" who are unsuited to conventional therapies. Although single angiogenic growth factor may be successful in inducing angiogenesis, combination of multiple growth factors is increasingly sought these days to augment the therapeutic responses. This trend is proper in light of the fact that blood vessel formation is a complex and multi-step process that requires the actions of many different factors. To meet the growing need for functionally significant blood flow recovery in the ischemic tissues, a novel strategy that can provide concerted actions of multiple factors is required. One way to achieve such a goal is to use a transcription factor that can orchestrate the expression of multiple target genes in the ischemic region and thus induce significant level of angiogenesis. Here, a putative transcription factor, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), was evaluated in adenoviral vector context for angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results indicated significant increase in proliferation, capillary-like structure formation, and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor, a typical angiogenic gene. Taken together, these results suggest that CARP represents itself as a novel target for therapeutic angiogenesis and warrants further investigation.